ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria of the Mycobaterium tuberculosis (Mtb) complex. The modulation of the lipid metabolism has been implicated in the immune response regulation, including the formation of lipid droplets (LD)s, LD-phagosome association and eicosanoid synthesis. Mtb, M. bovis BCG and other pathogenic mycobacteria, as well as wall components, such as LAM, can induce LDs formation in a mechanism involving surface receptors, for instance TLRs, CD36, CD14, CD11b/CD18 and others. In addition, the activation of the lipid-activated nuclear receptor PPARγ is involved in the mechanisms of LD biogenesis, as well as in the modulation of the synthesis of lipid mediators. In infected cells, LDs are sites of compartmentalized prostaglandin E2 synthesis involved in macrophage deactivation, bacterial replication and regulation of the host cytokine profile. LDs also have a function in vesicle traffic during infection. Rab7 and RILP, but not Rab5, are located on LDs of infected macrophages, suggesting that LDs and phagosomes could exchange essential proteins for phagosomal maturation, interfering in mycobacterial survival. The pharmacological inhibition of LDs biogenesis affects the bacterial replication and the synthesis of lipid mediators and cytokines, suggesting that LDs may be new targets for antimicrobial therapies. However, it is still controversial if the accumulation of LDs favors the mycobacterial survival acting as an escape mechanism, or promotes the host resistance to infection. Thus, in this mini-review we discuss recent advances in understanding the important role of LDs in the course of infections and the implications for the pathophysiology of mycobacteriosis.
Subject(s)
Lipid Droplets , Tuberculosis , Humans , Lipid Droplets/metabolism , Tuberculosis/metabolism , Macrophages/microbiology , Phagosomes/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism , LipidsABSTRACT
As doenças parasitárias são apontadas como um frequente problema de saúde pública no Brasil.Hortaliças podem representar risco para a saúde pública por serem consumidas cruas, em suagrande maioria, e, eventualmente, por estarem contaminadas com parasitos intestinais. Com oobjetivo de verificar a presença destes organismos em alfaces-crespas comercializadas em hortascomunitárias, foram analisadas 120 amostras de alface-crespa (Lactuca sativa L.) em três bairrosdiferentes do município de Teresina-PI, no período de setembro a novembro de 2013, pelastécnicas de sedimentação espontânea (Hoffman) e flutuação em solução de sacarose (Willis)modificada. Observou-se que 34,1 por cento (41/120) das amostras analisadas apresentaram algum tipo de estrutura parasitária (protozoário e/ou helmintos). Os parasitos detectados foram Strongyloides sp., Ancylostoma sp., Balantidium sp., Ascaris sp. e Eiimeria sp. Concluiu-se que as hortaliças comercializadas nas hortas comunitárias de Teresina podem veicular parasitos intestinais se não forem devidamente higienizadas...
Parasitic diseases are identified as a frequent public health problem in Brazil. Vegetables may pose arisk to public health because they are consumed mostly raw and may be contaminated with intestinalparasites. In order to verify the presence of these organisms in curly lettuce sold in communitygardens, 120 samples of curly lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were analyzed in three different districts of the municipality of Teresina -PI in the period between September and November 2013, using thespontaneous sedimentation techniques (Hoffman) and flotation in sucrose solution (Willis) modified.It was observed that 34.1 percent (41/120) of samples showed some kind of parasitic structure (protozoa and/or helminths). The parasites detected were Strongyloides sp., Ancylostoma sp., and Balantidium sp., Ascaris sp., and Eiimeria sp. It is concluded that the vegetables sold in the community gardens of Teresina, may facilitate the transmission of intestinal parasites if not properly sanitized...