A deep learning approach for automatic identification of ancient agricultural water harvesting systems.

Despite the harsh climatic conditions in the Central Negev Desert, Israel, thousands of dry stonewalls were built across ephemeral streams between the fourth and seventh centuries CE to sustain productive agricultural activity. Since 640 CE, many of these ancient terraces have remained untouched but buried by sediments, covered by natural vegetation, and partially destroyed. The main goal of the current research is to develop a procedure for the automatic recognition of ancient water harvesting systems by incorporating two remote sensing datasets (a high-resolution color orthophoto and LiDAR-derived topographic variables) and two advanced processing methods (an object-based image analysis (OBIA) and a deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) model). A confusion matrix of object-based classification revealed an overall accuracy of 86% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.79. The DCNN model achieved a Mean Intersection over Union (MIoU) value for testing datasets of 53. The individual IoU values of terraces and sidewalls were 33.2 and 30.1, respectively. The current study demonstrates how incorporating OBIA, aerial photographs, and LiDAR in the context of DCNN improves the identification and mapping of archaeological structures.

Synthesis of indole-based propellane derivatives via Weiss-Cook condensation, Fischer indole cyclization, and ring-closing metathesis as key steps.

A variety of highly functionalized indole-based [n.3.3]propellane derivatives is described. The synthesis of the propellane derivatives involves a Weiss-Cook condensation, a Fischer indole cyclization, and a ring-closing metathesis as key steps.

An AI-enabled research support tool for the classification system of COVID-19.

The outbreak of COVID-19, a little more than 2 years ago, drastically affected all segments of society throughout the world. While at one end, the microbiologists, virologists, and medical practitioners were trying to find the cure for the infection; the Governments were laying emphasis on precautionary measures like lockdowns to lower the spread of the virus. This pandemic is perhaps also the first one of its kind in history that has research articles in all possible areas as like: medicine, sociology, psychology, supply chain management, mathematical modeling, etc. A lot of work is still continuing in this area, which is very important also for better preparedness if such a situation arises in future. The objective of the present study is to build a research support tool that will help the researchers swiftly identify the relevant literature on a specific field or topic regarding COVID-19 through a hierarchical classification system. The three main tasks done during this study are data preparation, data annotation and text data classification through bi-directional long short-term memory (bi-LSTM).

Guinness world record attempt as a method to pivot the role of Yoga in Diabetes management.

BACKGROUND: Attempts for Guinness world record have continued worldwide but these attempts were rarely aimed to promote public health. Diabetes is one of the rapidly growing lifestyle disorders in India which requires awareness reinforcements among the local population. In recent studies, Yoga has proved to be useful in lifestyle modification and Diabetes management. However, most individuals from rural and urban localities in the country are unaware of this fact. PURPOSE: The purpose was to organizing a nationwide attempt under the Niyantrit Madhumeh Bharat (NMB) programme to break the world record to be the largest Diabetes lesson, to spread awareness among general population. METHODS: Present article represents the perspective of the Chandigarh chapter of NMB programme and its experience in Guinness world record attempt. Diabetes awareness lesson was organized in the city as per the standards defined by the Guinness Book and outcomes of the entire campaign were assessed at the end of the campaign. RESULT: Total 498 individuals participated in the campaign. Among them, 268 participants were questioned at the end of the campaign about the role of Yoga in Diabetes. 247 participants (92%) were agreed that Diabetes can be modified by Yoga and 9 participants (3%) disagreed. The remaining 12 participants (5%) did not give any response. CONCLUSION: We noticed that most of the participants became aware of the role of Yoga in Diabetes.

Application of a novel bacterial consortium for mineralization of sulphonated aromatic amines.

A novel bacterial consortium (TJ-2) for mineralization of aromatic amines resulting from decolorization of azo dyes was developed. Three bacterial strains were identified as Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes (TJ-21,EU072476), Pseudomonas citronellolis (TJ-22,EU072477) and Pseudomonas testosterone (TJ-23,EU072477) by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Aromatic amine mineralization under aerobic conditions was observed to be significantly higher with the consortium as compared to pure strains indicating complementary interactions among these strains. It was observed that more than 90% mineralization of aromatic amines was achieved within 18h for different initial aromatic amines concentrations. It was also observed that aromatic amine mineralization depends upon the structure of aromatic amine. Para- and meta-hydroxy substituted aromatic amine were easily mineralized as compared to ortho-substituted which undergoes autoxidation when exposed to oxygen. The consortium was capable of mineralizing other aromatic amines, thus, conferring the possibility of application of TJ-2 for the treatment of industrial wastewaters containing aromatic amines.

Advanced approach to polycyclics by a synergistic combination of enyne metathesis and Diels-Alder reaction.

Enyne metathesis (EM) has widely been used to prepare various synthetic and natural products. Further, a sequential use of EM and Diels-Alder (DA) reactions generates highly functionalized and intricate polycarbocycles and heterocyclic frameworks. In this critical review we describe the application of a unique combination of EM and DA reactions to prepare various amino acid derivatives, natural products and heterocycles. Some of the heterocyclic targets include cyclic peroxides, siloxanes and various nitrogen (or oxygen) containing compounds. Use of ethylene and cyclooctadiene (COD) for improving the yield of EM products are also discussed (69 references).

Diversity-oriented approach to biologically relevant molecular frameworks starting with beta-naphthol and using the Claisen rearrangement and olefin metathesis as key steps.

A diversity-oriented approach for the synthesis of various structurally different molecular frameworks from readily accessible and common precursors is described. A Claisen rearrangement followed by ring-closing metathesis or ethylene-promoted ring-closing enyne metathesis has been utilized as the key synthetic transformation to generate naphthoxepine derivatives. The ring-closing metathesis approach has also been used to generate spirocyclic compounds and the pleiadene framework.