[Structure of red blood cell and peripheral blood lymphocytes membranes in children--residents of contaminated areas in the remote period of Chernobyl].

We applied scanning electron microscope to study of surface architectonics of erythrocytes and lymphocytes peripheral blood in children born after the Chernobyl accident and living in conditions of chronic incorporation 137Cs. We found significant changes in surface structure membranes of red blood cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes in the basic childrens group compared with control one. The most striking changes were in children with levels incorporated 137Cs from 6845 to 16522 Bq.

[Evaluation of immunity parameters and free radical processes in children-residents of radioactive contaminated territories born to parents irradiated in childhood].

The children--residents of contaminated territories, born from mothers irradiated in their childhood had in remote period of the Chernobyl Disaster an increase in the frequency of disorders connected with immune system activation and depressive types, increase in intensity of free radical processes in blood serum and erythrocytes.

[Autonomic homeostasis of children born to parents irradiated in the result of the Chernobyl catastrophe with isolated abnormal chords of the left ventricle].

156 children of the main group (were born to parents irradiated in the result of Chernobyl disaster), in which according to Doppler echocardiography isolated abnormal chords of the left ventricle (AHLV) identified, 44 children of control group and 50 children of referent group were involved in the study Analysis of indicators of operational regulation of heart rate in children of primary group indicate the existence of autonomic dysregulation, which has the maximum expression in children with a threshold number of isolated abnormal chords. Evidence of autonomic dysregulation in children born to parents irradiated in the result of the Chernobyl disaster with isolated AHLV requires primary and secondary prevention to reduce the frequency of unfavourable clinical course.

[Analysis of structural and functional indices of the children hearts with isolated abnormal chords of the left ventricle and who were born to parents irradiated during the Chernobyl accident].

156 children of the main group, born to parents irradiated in the result of Chernobyl disaster have been involved in the study. These children were identified with isolated abnormal chords of the left ventricle (AHLV) according the results of Doppler echocardiography. 39 practically healthy children and 24 children of the nosology control group have also been observed. Threshold quantity of AHLV were determined in 33 children, main group, (subgroup Ia), sub-threshold--in 123 children (subgroup I(B)). The children of the control group with threshold quantity of AHLV were found with decreased adaptation capacity of the cardio-vascular system through shifts in dynamics and energetics of the heart contraction. Reduction in systolic output, systolic and heart indices justify hypokinetic type of organization of central hemodynamics, which can be considered an early sign of tension of functional capabilities of the heart and blood vessels. This subgroup of children was found to have changes of transmitral blood flow indicating the initiation of the heart's diastolic dysfunction. Almost 1/3 of children with subthreshold number of AHLV were also revealed to have signs of initiation of the heart's diastolic dysfunction.

[Physical development of the teenagers who were exposed to radiation in utero after the accident on the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant].

Some features of physical development of teenagers exposed to radiation during utero development are revealed. These teenagers have been found to have more often, than in the control group disorders connected with harmonicity of physical development. Thus in the group of teenagers who have been exposed to acute radiation in utero period of their development prevails tall young men and girls while among the teenagers who have been born in 1986 and stayed living in the polluted territories low growth, subnanysm and nanysm is more often observed.

[Postnatal effects in children irradiated during the intra-uterine development, as a result of failure at the Chernobyl NPP].

Somatic and genetic effects at children who have undergone the influence of ionizing radiation during in utero development and at the subsequent stages ontogenesis are investigated, in view of dozes of the general irradiation and equivalent dozes of an irradiation of red bone brain. 1144 children were examined: 1st group consisted of children who have been born from women pregnant at the moment of failure, evacuated from Pripyat; 2nd group included children who have been born from women pregnant at the moment of failure, stayed to live in a zone of the strict radiation control; 3rd group was the control group--children who have been born in 1986, living in safe region of the Ukraine according to radiation conditions. The presence of direct correlation link between quantity of small anomalies of the development and the total radiation dose of the fetus (R = 0.61, p < 0.002) and inverse link with fetus age at the moment of radiation factor effect (R = -0.53, p < 0.003) has been established. Significant correlation links between the total radiation dose and the level of children health (R = 0.45, p < 0.03); the equivalent radiation dose of the red bone marrow and the frequency of damages in the chromosomal apparatus of the somatic cells (1st group--R = 0.51, p < 0.02; 2nd group--R = 0.62, p < 0.002) have been revealed.

[Ultrastructure of blood cells in children exposed to radiation in utero and resided in radionuclide contaminated zones].

The electron-microscopic examinations of lymphocytes and neutrophiles in circulating blood of children irradiated during intrauterine development and on posterior stages of ontogenesis were performed in dynamics after accidental period. Some changes in lymphocyte ultrastructure were revealed; namely the increased undulation of nuclear contours with dilated perinuclear space and some reconstructions of their cellular organoids (the increased density of mitochondrial matrix, crist disorganization, dilation of clear space in cisterns of cytoplasmic net, disorders in the structure of electron-dense granules). The peculiarities of neutrophile ultrastructure that are characterized by centre dilated perinuclear space, decrease in glycosomes, disorders in granular structure, vacuole presence, degradation of cytoplasm and nuclear hypersegmentation were determined.

[Peculiarities of superficial architectonics of peripheral blood erythrocytes in children irradiated in utero and living in the radioactive-contaminated areas].

In the dynamics of the Chernobyl postaccidental period the electron microscopy examinations of the superficial architectonics of peripheral blood erythrocytes have been performed in the children irradiated during the uterine development and at the following stages of the ontogenesis. The expressed morphological reorganization of the erythrocyte populations was revealed in the children irradiated in utero at all the stages of investigation: the number of diskocytes decreased and the number of transitory, predhemolytic and degenerative forms increased in comparison with the control. The disorders in the superficial relief and in the form of blood erythrocytes indicative of the disorganization and transformation of erythrocytes in the children irradiated in utero stipulate their functional inferiority.

[Health state and physical development of children prenatally exposed to radiation as a result of Chernobyl accident].

1144 children which had been exposed to radiation at the stage of their intrauterine life have been observed. Assessment of their health state and physical development has been carried out. Radiation doses load on thyroid gland of fetuses varied from 0.01 till 3.34 Gr, whole-body irradiation doses varied from 10.0 till 376.0 mZb. The level of health state of children exposed during their intrauterine life to radiation was lower at all stages of postnatal ontogenesis than that one of children of the control group. A presence of a definite correlation ratio between whole-body irradiation doses of fetuses and development of chronical somatic pathology in children was established during the study. It was noted that frequency of abnormalities of physical development and chronical somathic pathology increased after a thyroid gland of the fetuses had been exposed to radiation dosed from 0.36 to 0.75 Gr.

[Long-term cytogenetic effects in children prenatally-exposed to radiation as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station]. / Otdalennye tsitogeneticheskie éffekty u detei, obluchennykh vnutriutrobno v rezul'tate avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

Forty-two children exposed to ionizing radiation in prenatal period and 15 children of control group were examined in the remote terms after the accident using the method of differential G-staining of chromosomes in lymphocytes of peripheral blood. It was found that the average group rate of aberrant cells and chromosome aberrations was reliably higher in the children exposed in utero compared to control. Long-term cytogenetic consequences of the pre-natal exposure were characterized by prevalence of aberrations of a chromosome type, mainly stable chromosome lesions. At chronic exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation the increase in the rate both stable and unstable chromosome aberrations.

[The immune status of young school-age children irradiated while in the womb as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / Immunnyi status detei mladshego shkol'nogo vozrasta, obluchennykh vnutriutrobno v rezul'tate avarii na ChAES.

As many as 102 children living in the territories affected by radioactive contamination were examined. Total equivalent doses of irradiation of the thymus gland over the period of 1986-1996, the intrauterine period included, ranged from 4.24 to 25.9 mZv, those for red bone marrow varied from 4.7 to 35.5 mZv. Parameters characterizing cellular and humoral links of immunity were studied. Changes were revealed in many immunological indices, the association of which indices results in formation of activational, depressive, and undifferentiatable types of immunological disturbances with clinical manifestations of allergic and infectious syndromes of immunological deficiency.