PD-L1 engagement on T cells promotes self-tolerance and suppression of neighboring macrophages and effector T cells in cancer.

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) ligation delimits immunogenic responses in T cells. However, the consequences of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) ligation in T cells are uncertain. We found that T cell expression of PD-L1 in cancer was regulated by tumor antigen and sterile inflammatory cues. PD-L1+ T cells exerted tumor-promoting tolerance via three distinct mechanisms: (1) binding of PD-L1 induced STAT3-dependent 'back-signaling' in CD4+ T cells, which prevented activation, reduced TH1-polarization and directed TH17-differentiation. PD-L1 signaling also induced an anergic T-bet-IFN-γ- phenotype in CD8+ T cells and was equally suppressive compared to PD-1 signaling; (2) PD-L1+ T cells restrained effector T cells via the canonical PD-L1-PD-1 axis and were sufficient to accelerate tumorigenesis, even in the absence of endogenous PD-L1; (3) PD-L1+ T cells engaged PD-1+ macrophages, inducing an alternative M2-like program, which had crippling effects on adaptive antitumor immunity. Collectively, we demonstrate that PD-L1+ T cells have diverse tolerogenic effects on tumor immunity.

The fungal mycobiome promotes pancreatic oncogenesis via activation of MBL.

Bacterial dysbiosis accompanies carcinogenesis in malignancies such as colon and liver cancer, and has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA)1. However, the mycobiome has not been clearly implicated in tumorigenesis. Here we show that fungi migrate from the gut lumen to the pancreas, and that this is implicated in the pathogenesis of PDA. PDA tumours in humans and mouse models of this cancer displayed an increase in fungi of about 3,000-fold compared to normal pancreatic tissue. The composition of the mycobiome of PDA tumours was distinct from that of the gut or normal pancreas on the basis of alpha- and beta-diversity indices. Specifically, the fungal community that infiltrated PDA tumours was markedly enriched for Malassezia spp. in both mice and humans. Ablation of the mycobiome was protective against tumour growth in slowly progressive and invasive models of PDA, and repopulation with a Malassezia species-but not species in the genera Candida, Saccharomyces or Aspergillus-accelerated oncogenesis. We also discovered that ligation of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), which binds to glycans of the fungal wall to activate the complement cascade, was required for oncogenic progression, whereas deletion of MBL or C3 in the extratumoral compartment-or knockdown of C3aR in tumour cells-were both protective against tumour growth. In addition, reprogramming of the mycobiome did not alter the progression of PDA in Mbl- (also known as Mbl2) or C3-deficient mice. Collectively, our work shows that pathogenic fungi promote PDA by driving the complement cascade through the activation of MBL.

Gas Phase-Heat Absorption-Condensate Phase Stepwise Flame Retardant Strategy to Prepare Coal Tar Pitch-Based Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor.

Porous carbon is widely used in energy storage-conversion systems, and the question of how to explore an efficient strategy for preparation is very significant. Herein, the flame retardant capability of (NH4 )2 SO4 /Mg(OH)2 that contains gas phase-heat absorption-condensate phase components is assisted to carbonize coal tar pitch in air and obtain the porous carbon. The mechanism of stepwise inflaming retarding is systematically investigated. In the carbonization process in a muffle furnace, (NH4 )2 SO4 decomposes releasing gases at below 400 °C to act as the role of gas phase flame retardant. Mg(OH)2 starts to decompose at ≥ 400 °C, and it has the effect of heat absorption and condensed phase flame retardation (MgSO4 and MgO). What's more, the flame retardant also serves as an N, S source and template. The obtained porous carbon possesses an ultrahigh carbon yield of 56.9 wt.%, hierarchical pore structure, and multi-heteroatoms doping. It can still reach up to 244.7 F g-1 even loaded 20 mg of active material. In addition, the (NH4 )2 SO4 /agar gel electrolyte is synthesized, and the fabricated flexible ammonium ion capacitor exhibits a superior energy density of 40.8 Wh kg-1 . This work uncovers a new way to construct porous carbon, which is expected to synthesize more carbon materials using other carbon sources.

Use of Fe-H3BTC and GO Compounds To Prepare N/Fe-Doped Carbon for a High-Performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst.

Zinc-air batteries (ZABs), as a new type of energy storage and conversion device, have received lots of attention due to their high energy density and low cost. The electrode material is a key factor for improving the performance of ZABs. Here, a facile strategy for the fabrication of N-rich porous carbon is reported. H3BTC and GO are selected as carbon precursors, histidine and Fe(NO3)3 are used as ligands, and urea is used as a N source and template. After the conventional drying of the complex and following carbonization process, serial N-doped carbon materials are prepared. The composition and structure of the material are characterized, and the effect of the ligand is studied. The hierarchical porous structure facilitates the full exposition of N and trace of Fe active sites and benefits the transportation of electrolytes, thus improving the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The ORR performances show that the porous carbon has a positive initial and half-wave potential, good limiting current density, a near four-electron transfer process, and better methanol resistance and durability. The assembled ZAB exhibits high specific capacity (880.4 mAh gZn-1), excellent open-circuit voltage (1.54 V), and superior cycling stability, which further provides the significant potential for its application.

Cottonseed meal derived porous carbon prepared via the protease pretreatment and reduced activator dosage carbonization for supercapacitor.

The high catalytic activity and specificity of enzymes can be used to pretreat biomass. Herein, the resourceful, reproducible, cheap, and crude protein-rich cottonseed meal (CM) is selected as a precursor and the protease in the K2CO3-KHCO3 buffer solution is used as the enzyme degradation substance to pretreat CM. The crude protein content is significantly reduced by the protease degradation, and, meanwhile, it results in a looser and porous structure of CM. What is more, it significantly reduces the amount of activator. In the subsequent carbonization process, the K2CO3-KHCO3 in the buffer solution is also used as an activating agent (the mass ratio of CM to activator is 2:1), and after carbonization, the O, S, and N doped porous carbon is obtained. The optimized PCM-800-4 exhibits high heteroatom contents and a hierarchical porous structure. The specific capacitance of the prepared porous carbon reaches up to 233 F g-1 in 6M KOH even when 10 mg of active material is loaded. In addition, a K2CO3-KHCO3/EG based gel electrolyte is prepared and the fabricated flexible capacitor exhibits an energy density of 15.6 Wh kg-1 and a wide temperature range (-25 to 100 °C). This study presents a simple enzymatic degradation and reduced activator dosage strategy to prepare a cottonseed meal derived carbon material and looks forward to preparing porous carbon using other biomass.

Vaccination with a Brucella ghost developed through a double inactivation strategy provides protection in Guinea pigs and cattle.

Vaccination can prevent and control animal brucellosis. Currently, live attenuated vaccines are extensively used to prevent Brucella infection. However, traditional vaccines such as live attenuated vaccines are associated with biological safety risks for both humans and animals. The bacterial ghost (BG) is a new form of vaccine with great prospects. However, bacterial cells cannot be completely inactivated by biological lysis, conferring a safety risk associated with the vaccine. In this study, we developed a Brucella abortus A19 bacterial ghost (A19BG) through a double inactivation strategy with sequential biological lysis and hydrogen peroxide treatment. This strategy resulted in 100% inactivation of Brucella, such that viable bacterial cells were not detected even at an ultrahigh concentration of 1010 colony-forming units/mL. Furthermore, A19BG had a typical BG morphology and good genetic stability. Moreover, it did not induce adverse reactions in guinea pigs. The levels of antibodies, interferon-γ, interleukin-4, and CD4+ T cells in guinea pigs inoculated with the A19BG vaccine were similar to those inoculated with the existing A19 vaccine. Immunization with A19BG conferred a similar level of protection with that of A19 against Brucella melitensis M28 in both guinea pigs and cattle. In conclusion, the combination of biological lysis and H2O2-mediated inactivation is a safe and effective strategy that can serve as a reference for the preparation of BG vaccines.

Ag Nanoparticles@Agar Gel as a 3D Flexible and Stable SERS Substrate with Ultrahigh Sensitivity.

Flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have become one of the research hot spots due to the facile sampling by swabbing or wrapping on rough surfaces and the sensitive and nondestructive detection of contaminants. In this work, we proposed a simple and fast in situ reduction method to prepare Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) composited agar hydrogel (Ag NPs@Agar) flexible SERS substrate. Owing to the three-dimensional (3D) structure, good hydrophilicity and adsorption of the agar hydrogel, Ag NPs were grown uniformly in the 3D cross-linked structure. The distribution density of Ag NPs was further increased by the volume shrinkage when the hydrogel was dried in air. This high density and uniformly distribution of Ag NPs produced a large number of highly active SERS regions. In addition, the sensitivity of Ag NPs@Agar was further improved with the assistance of hydrophilic agar gel, which can trap the probe molecules into highly active SERS areas. The SERS results showed that the substrate can be used to detect dye molecules (rhodamine 6G), the minimum detectable concentration was 10-15 M, the relative standard deviation tested at 18 different positions was only 7.58%, and the intensity of the characteristic peak at 611 cm-1 decreased only about 10% after 49 days of storage, demonstrating the superior stability. Moreover, the Ag NPs@Agar substrate also could successfully achieve the micro-trace detection of melamine and sodium penicillin G in Xinjiang specialty camel milk powder. The above available results show that the prepared flexible Ag NPs@Agar SERS substrates possess potentials for the illegal additives and antibiotics in food safety analysis.

Effect of an individualised nutritional intervention on gestational diabetes mellitus prevention in a high-risk population screened by a prediction model: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The ability of a preventive nutritional intervention to reduce the morbidity of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains controversial. We aim to assess whether GDM can be prevented by an individualised nutritional intervention in pregnant women who are at high risk for the disease based on a prediction model. METHODS/DESIGN: A multicentre randomised controlled trial was designed to assess the efficacy of an individualised nutritional intervention for the prevention of GDM in a high-risk population screened by a novel prediction model in the first trimester. Pregnant women evaluated to be at high risk for GDM by the prediction model at less than 14 gestational weeks will be included. Women with pre-existing chronic diseases, including pregestational diabetes, or who are currently prescribed medicines that affect glucose values will be excluded. Allocation to intervention/control at a ratio of 1:1 will be conducted by a computerized randomisation system. The intervention group will complete 3-day food records and receive 3 individualised nutritional consultations with professional dieticians before the oral glucose tolerance test. The primary intention of the intervention is to promote a long-term healthy dietary pattern and prevent excessive gestational weight gain throughout pregnancy. The control group will complete 3-day food records at designated gestational weeks and receive standard antenatal care according to local health care provisions. The primary outcome is the incidence of GDM according to the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG). A sample of 464 participants will provide 80% power to detect a 30% reduction in GDM incidence (α = 0.05 two tailed, 10% dropout). A total of 500 participants will be recruited. DISCUSSION: To date, this is the first randomised controlled trial aimed to evaluate the protective effect of an individualised nutritional intervention against GDM based on a logistic regression prediction model. Eligibility is not limited to obese women or singleton pregnancies, as in previous studies. This pragmatic trial is expected to provide valuable information on early screening and effective GDM prevention methods. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900026963 . Registered 27 October 2019.

Coal-based carbon nanosheets contained carbon microfibers modified with grown carbon nanotubes as efficient air electrode material for rechargeable zinc-air batteries.

Coal-based oxygen electrocatalysts hold immense promise for cost-effective applications in rechargeable Zn-air batteries (ZABs) and the value-added, clean utilization of traditional coal resources. Herein, an electrospun membrane electrode comprising coal-derived carbon nanosheets and directly grown carbon nanotubes (CNS/CMF@CNT) was successfully synthesized. The hierarchical porous structure of the electrode, composed of multiple components, significantly facilitates mass and ion transportation, resulting in exceptional electrochemical performance. Employing Fe as the catalyst for CNT growth, the CNS/CMF@CNT electrode exhibits a remarkable onset potential of 0.96 V and a half-wave potential of 0.87 V in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In-situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy reveals that hydroxyl radical desorption on the surface of CNS/CMF@CNT(Fe) is the rate-determining step of the ORR. Notably, the aqueous ZAB featuring the CNS/CMF@CNT(Fe) electrode achieved a peak power density of 216.0 mW cm-2 at a current density of 414 mA cm-2 and maintained a voltage efficiency of 65.1 % after 2000 charge/discharge cycles at 5 mA cm-2. Furthermore, the all-solid-state ZAB incorporating this electrode displayed an open-circuit voltage of 1.43 V, a peak power density of 70.1 mW cm-2 at a current density of 110 mA cm-2, and a voltage efficiency of 66.5 % after 150 charge/discharge cycles. The utilization of abundant coal as the raw material for electrode fabrication not only brings conceivable economic benefits in ZAB construction, but also commendably advances the effective application of traditional coal resources in a more sustainable manner.

TRPS1 function beyond breast: A retrospective immunohistochemical study on non-breast cytology specimens.

INTRODUCTION: Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) has emerged as a reliable immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker for identifying breast origin in metastatic carcinomas. This study investigates the utility of TRPS1 IHC in non-breast cytology specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective search of our pathology database for the year 2021 identified fluids (pleural and peritoneal) and liver, lung and bone fine needle aspirations (FNAs) with surgical follow-up confirming non-breast metastatic carcinomas. Cell blocks from cases with sufficient neoplastic cells underwent immunostaining using a rabbit polyclonal antibody against human TRPS1. Cases lacking tumor on deeper levels after the original work-up were excluded from the study. Two pathologists independently interpreted the TRPS1 staining. RESULTS: Of 136 cases assessed, 31 (22.79%) exhibited positive TRPS1 staining, while 105 (77.21%) were nonreactive. Positivity rates were observed in tumors of Mullerian cell origin, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and lung origin at 28.85%, 25%, and 21.57%, respectively. Of the tumors of Mullerian cell origin 10 (66.67%) were serous carcinomas, 4 (26.67%) were endometrioid carcinomas, and one (6.67%) was a clear cell carcinoma. Lung tumors comprised seven (63.64%) squamous cell carcinomas and four (36.36%) adenocarcinomas, while the gastrointestinal tumors consisted of 14 (80%) adenocarcinomas and one (20%) squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Although recognized as a sensitive marker for mammary carcinomas, TRPS1 immunostaining was also detected in Mullerian, lung, and GIT carcinomas. This highlights the significance of being cautious when depending solely on TRPS1 immunostaining to distinguish metastatic breast tumors.

Wnt/ß-catenin signaling induces the aging of mesenchymal stem cells through promoting the ROS production.

Recent studies have demonstrated that the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling plays an important role in stem cell aging. However, the mechanisms of cell senescence induced by Wnt/ß-catenin signaling are still poorly understood. Our preliminary study has indicated that activated Wnt/ß-catenin signaling can induce MSC aging. In this study, we reported that the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling was a potent activator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in MSCs. After scavenging ROS with N-acetylcysteine, Wnt/ß-catenin signaling-induced MSC aging was significantly attenuated and the DNA damage and the expression of p16(INK4A), p53, and p21 were reduced in MSCs. These results indicated that the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling could induce MSC aging through promoting the intracellular production of ROS, and ROS may be the main mediators of MSC aging induced by excessive activation of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling.

[Effects of D-galactose on ageing of rat mesenchymal stem cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of D-galactose (D-gal) on aging of rat marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and its mechanism. METHODS: MSCs isolated from young (7 d) SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group, 1g/L, 10g/L and 50g/L D-gal treatment groups. In control group MSCs were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS for 48 h. In the D-gal treatment groups, MSCs were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS with 1g/L, 10g/L or 50g/L D-gal for 48 h. The senescence-associated changes were examined with SA-ß-galactosidase (SA-ß-gal) staining, the expressions of p53, p21 and p16 were detected by Western blot. The living and apoptotic cells were determined by AO/EB staining. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. SOD activity was measured by xanthine oxidase method, and the MDA content was estimated with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. RESULTS: Compared to control group, the number of SA-ß-gal positive cells and the expression of p53, p21 and p16 were significantly increased in the 10g/L and 50g/L D-gal treatment groups. The apoptosis rate in 50g/L D-gal group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01). The proliferation of MSCs was decreased in the 10g/L and 50g/L D-gal groups compared to control group (P<0.05). After 10g/L and 50g/L D-gal treatment, SOD activity was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and MDA level was increased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The aging of MSCs can be induced by 10g/L and 50g/L D-gal, which may be associated with the elevated levels of oxidative stress.

[Construction of Brucella abortus A19-delta VirB12 mutant and evaluation of its protective efficacy against 2308 strain challenge in BALB/c mice].

OBJECTIVE: A19-deltaVirB12 deletion mutant of Brucella abortus was constructed by using homologous recombination technology. BALB/c mice were vaccinated intraperitoneally with the mutant to evaluate protective efficacy against Brucella abortus 2308 challenge. METHOD: A SacB gene was amplified by PCR from pIB279 plasmid. The sequences upstream and downstream of the VirB12 gene were amplified by PCR from Brucella abortus A19. These three PCR products were subsequently inserted into pBK-CMV vector, namely pBK-CMV-SacB-VirB12. This construct was transformed into Brucella abortus A19. The A19-delta VirB12 mutants were obtained by Kan(r) and 5% sucrose selection. Six-week-old female BALB/c mice were distributed into three treatment groups, including A19-delta VirB12 group, A19 group and PBS control group. BALB/c mice were vaccinated intraperitoneally at a dose of 5.0 x 10(4) CFU. At the 45-days post-immunization, all of mice were challenged with 2308 strain. Fifteen days after thechallenge, the levels of infection were expressed as means of the log10 CFU/spleen values. The histological changes were assessed among the groups. RESULTS: Compared with PBS control group, the A19-delta VirB12 deleted mutant had astatistically significant protection against 2308 challengesimilar to A19 strain. Western blotting showed that A19-delta VirB12 mutant did not express VirB12 protein. CONCLUSION: The A19-delta VirB12 deleted mutantelicits a strong protective immunity, and may becomea promising vaccine candidate.

[Difference between the cognitive and control ability and the responsibility in forensic psychiatry evaluation].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the difference between the cognitive and control ability and the responsibility in forensic psychiatry evaluation. METHODS: To compare the results of the responsibility evaluation from 2001.1 to 2006.10 (the first period) with that of the cognitive and control ability evaluation from 2006.11 to 2010.10 (the second period). The admissibility opinions on court judgment and evaluation were investigated by return visit. The legal professions' opinions on forensic psychiatric issues from the police office, the procuratorate, the court, and the judiciary were investigated. RESULTS: There was no significant difference of the criminal types between two periods (P > 0.05). There was significant difference of the diagnostic types between two periods (P < 0.05). The proportion of normal range and part loss of the cognitive and control ability in the second period were higher than that in the first period, but the proportion of complete loss of the cognitive and control ability in the second period was lower than that in the first period (P < 0.05). Among the legal professions, 70.5% of them thought that "the evaluation of cognitive and control ability" was different from "the evaluation of criminal responsibility" and 94.9% of them thought that "to confirm the influence of the forensic psychiatric evaluation of mental disorder on the crime behavior" or "to assess of cognitive and control ability" met requirements of normative judicial expertise. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of cognitive and control ability is more aligned with legal requirements and behavioral norms of own subject than the evaluation of responsibility.

Polysaccharide of agar based ultra-high specific surface area porous carbon for superior supercapacitor.

Although extensive research has been focused on porous carbon in supercapacitor, the simple and non-template preparation of high specific surface area (SSA) carbon material with hierarchical porous structure is still a lingering issue. Herein, the cross-linked hierarchical porous carbon with ultra-high SSA of 3184 m2 g-1 is prepared via the sol-gel follows the freeze drying and followed activation process. Agar is used as carbon precursor, L-arginine is nitrogen sources, and the formed gel is activated by KHCO3. The obtained N-doped porous carbon shows a superior specific capacitance of 443.0 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 in 6 M KOH, and exhibits an excellent rate capability (255 F g-1 at 50 A g-1). Furthermore, due to the combined synergistic effect of high SSA, hierarchical porous structure and N doping, the symmetric supercapacitor that assembled with the prepared gel electrolyte of Agar-Na2SO4 achieves a superior energy density of 35.5 Wh kg-1 and a long cycle life with the capacitance retention of 99.7% after 20,000 cycles. This work provides an efficient and simple method to prepare ultra-high surface area, hierarchical porous structure carbon materials for high performance supercapacitor.

LRG1 Is Involved in the Progression of Ovarian Cancer via Modulating FAK/AKT Signaling Pathway.

BACKGROUND: Rapid progression and early metastasis remain the main cause of high mortality in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. The objective of this study was to explore the mechanisms of EOC progression and detect the function of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) in modulating the pathologic process. METHODS: Ultracentrifugation was initially performed to extract exosomes from the urine samples of EOC patients and healthy female subjects. Mass spectrometry (MS) was employed to analyze differentially expressed proteins. Survival analysis was performed to examine the association between LRG1 levels and the prognosis of EOC patients. LRG1 silencing ovarian cancer cell lines were built and cell migration was further evaluated via wound healing and transwell assays. Immunoblot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed. A subcutaneous tumor model was established to study the function of LRG1 in vivo. RESULTS: Exosomal LRG1 was specifically expressed in urine samples of EOC patients and high LRG1 levels were significantly associated with poor prognosis. Function analyses showed that LRG1 was associated with ovarian cancer migration and progression. Mechanistically, LRG1 was significantly related to the focal adhesion kinase/protein kinase B (FAK/AKT) signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: LRG1 participated in progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer via activation of the FAK/AKT pathway probably.

Starch-based porous carbon microsphere composited NiCo2O4 nanoflower as bifunctional electrocatalyst for zinc-air battery.

It is significant to explore and design outstanding bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts to promote the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in zinc-air batteries. Herein, a novel porous carbon microspheres (CMS2) modified by NiCo2O4 nanoflower (CMS2-NiCo2O4) have been prepared as an ORR and OER catalyst. The hierarchical porous structure of CMS provides high conductivity and abundant active sites for ORR, whereas the synergistic effect of NiCo2O4 nanosheets and a small amount of FeZn oxides act as the positive phase for OER. The efficient oxygen catalytic activity is gained by creating a coupling interface between NiCo2O4 and CMS. The optimized CMS2-NiCo2O4 shows a half-wave potential of 0.82 V toward ORR and an overpotential of 392 mV toward OER. Particularly, CMS2-NiCo2O4 also exhibits an excellent peak power density (175.5 mW cm-2) as a catalyst for zinc-air batteries, which is superior to the commercial Pt/C + RuO2 catalyst (120.5 mW cm-2), and it also demonstrates a remarkable stability even after the charge-discharge cycles of 167 h. The prepared CMS2-NiCo2O4 is promising for the application of the bimetallic oxide catalyst for zinc-air battery.

Endometrial cancer in a transgender male: A rare case and review of the literature.

Objective: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in the United States. Despite the high prevalence amongst cisgender females the prevalence of this gynecological malignancy in transgender men has not been clearly identified. To date, only four reported cases have been described in the literature. Case: A 36-year-old nulliparous assigned female at birth, transgender premenopausal male underwent a laparoscopic total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, sentinel lymph node mapping and omental biopsy after having an endometrial biopsy that demonstrated well differential endometroid adenocarcinoma. He had been on testosterone therapy for at least five years prior to presenting to his gynecologist with the chief complaint of vaginal bleeding. Final pathology showed FIGO Stage 1A endometroid endometrial carcinoma. Conclusion: This case report adds to the body of literature demonstrating that transgender men can develop endometrial carcinoma while on exogenous testosterone therapy. In addition, this report illustrates the importance of routine gynecological care in the transgender patient population.

Interface engineering strategy construction of covalent organic framework for promoting highly reversible zinc metal.

Zn-ion energy storage devices will play important roles in the future energy storage field. However, Zn-ion device development suffers significantly from adverse chemical reactions (dendrite formation, corrosion, and deformation) on the Zn anode surface. Zn dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution corrosion, and deformation combine to degrade Zn-ion devices. Zincophile modulation and protection using covalent organic frameworks (COF) inhibited dendritic growth by induced uniform Zn ion deposition, which also prevented chemical corrosion. The Zn@COF anode circulated stably for more than 1800 cycles even at high current density in symmetric cells and maintained a low and stable voltage hysteresis. This work explains the surface state of the Zn anode and provides information for further research.

S/N-codoped carbon nanotubes and reduced graphene oxide aerogel based supercapacitors working in a wide temperature range.

Among many supercapacitor electrode materials, carbon materials are widely used due to their large specific surface area, good electrical conductivity and high economic efficiency. However, carbon-based supercapacitors face the challenges of low energy density and limited operating environment. This work reports a facile self-assembled method to prepare three-dimensional carbon nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide (CNTs/rGO) aerogel material, which was applied as both positive and negative electrodes in a symmetric superacapacitor. The fabricated supercapacitor exhibited prominent capacitive performance not only at room temperature, but also at extreme temperatures (-20 âˆ¼ 80 °C). The specific capacitances of the symmetric supercapacitors based on CNTs/rGO at a weight ratio of 2:5 respectively reached 107.8 and 128.2 F g-1 at 25 °C and 80 °C with KOH as the electrolyte, and 80.0 and 144.6 F g-1 at -20 °C and 60 °C with deep eutectic solvent as the electrolyte. Notably, the capacitance retention and coulombic efficiency of the assembled supercapacitors remained almost unchanged after 20,000 cycles of charge/discharge test over a wide temperature range. The work uncovered a possibility for the development of high-performance supercapacitors flexibly operated at extreme temperatures.