Antibacterial lanostane triterpenoids from Ganoderma tsugae.

A phytochemical investigation on the 80% EtOH extract of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma tsugae resulted into the isolation of two previously undescribed lanostane triterpenoids, 7,11-dioxo-3ß-acetyloxy-26,27-dihydroxy-lanosta-8,24-diene (1) and 7,20-dioxo-3ß-acetyloxy-11ß,15α-dihydroxy-22,23,24,25,26,27-hexanorlanosta-8-ene (2), togeher with one known lanostane triterpenoid ganodermanontriol (3). Structural elucidation of all the compounds were performed by spectral methods such as 1D and 2D (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. All the triterpenoids were in vitro evaluated for their antibacterial activities against six pathogenic microorganisms. Compound 3 exhibited some activities against three Gram positive bacteria with MIC values less than 30 µg/ml.

[Monitoring report of Oncomelania hupensis snail distribution and diffusion in main drainages of Hexi Reservoir].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the status of Oncomelania hupensis snail distribution and diffusion in main drainages of Hexi Reservoir and evaluate the snail control effect of the schistosomiasis control engineering of Hexi Reservoir. METHODS: The O. hupensis snails were investigated by using the straw curtain method and fishing net method in different areas of the main drainages of Hexi Reservoir, and the results were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 1 800 straw curtains were used and 37 snails were found in Naxi stream. Totally 5 870 kg floats were salved and no snails were found. CONCLUSION: The schistosomiasis control engineering of Hexi Reservoir is effective in the prevention of the snail diffusion, but there are still snails in the upstream. rherefore, the snail surveillance and control need to be strengthened.

[Effect of schistosomiasis control projects in Hexi Reservoir on Oncomelania snail control].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control projects in Hexi Reservoir on Oncomelania hupensis snail control. METHODS: The canal hardening + main water system widening + the overflow dam project, the concrete slope protection, the banking and reclamation + concrete slope protection project, the environment reform project, and the comprehensive treatment were implemented in the tail area, the hydro-fluctuation belt, the rainwater harvesting zoon of the upstream area, the dam area, and the downstream area of the reservoir, respectively. The changes of the snail situation were investigated before and after the construction of the reservoir, and the snail control effects of the schistosomiasis control projects in different parts of the reservoir were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no Oncomelania snails found 3 years in the bottom area, dam area, hydro-fluctuation belt, tail region and downstream of the dam after the construction and storage of the reservoir and the implementation of the schistosomiasis control projects. In the rainwater harvesting zoon of the upstream area, the density of living snails decreased from 0.620 4 snails/0.1 m2 in 2009 to 0.113 2 snails/0.1 m2 in 2013, but the snail area still remained. CONCLUSIONS: The schistosomiasis control projects in Hexi Reservoir have effectively prevented the diffusion of Oncomelania snails from the rainwater harvesting zone of the upstream area to the dam area, and they are effective in the snail control.

[Correlation of invasion, metastasis, and prognosis in low and middle rectal cancer].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Several reports have showed that three histologic variables (venous invasion, regional lymph node status, and depth of primary tumor penetration) were associated with the prognosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Based on these variables, a new classification system has been recommended. This study was designed to evaluate prognostic significance and risk factors of neoplasm in low and middle rectal cancer. METHODS: Four hundreds and eighty-four consecutive patients with low and middle rectal cancer were treated by the abdominoperineal resection (APR) (356 patients) and the low anterior resection(LAR) (128 patients) between 1990 and 1996. To determine the independent prognostic variables, the variables were evaluated both univariately and multivariately from the perspectives of oncologic outcome. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate for all patients was 71.1% (344/484), 63.5% (226/356) for APR and 92.2% (118/128) for LAR/SSR, respectively (P < 0.01). The resulting multivariate analysis using Cox regression showed that the three tumor variables were significantly associated with the 5-year survival (P < 0.01), the independent prognostic variables included venous invasion, tumor size, and TNM stages. CONCLUSIONS: The three tumor variables identified in multivariate analysis as bearing the strongest independent effect on the 5-year survival in low and middle rectal cancer were (in order to decrease prognostic impact) venous invasion, tumor size, and TNM stages. These three tumor variables may be used as important bases for a new classification system.