[Incidentally Found Intralobar Pulmonary Sequestration Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Right Basal Segmentectomy:Report of a Case].

A 53-year-old asymptomatic woman was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of an area of abnormal intensity in the right lower lobe on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. She denied a history of pneumonia but occasionally expectorated bloody sputum. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) revealed areas of consolidations with multiple cysts within the right lower lobe and an anomalous artery that originated from the descending aorta and entered the right lower lobe. Based on contrast-enhanced CT findings, she was diagnosed with intralobar pulmonary sequestration, and we performed video-assisted thoracoscopic right basal segmentectomy. The anomalous artery was identified in the pulmonary ligament and was ligated using a silk suture at its proximal end, after which the peripheral segment was separated using an automatic suture device. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course, and plain CT at the 6-month postoperative follow-up indicated no evidence of edema of the anomalous artery stump. We recommend early surgical resection even in asymptomatic patients with pulmonary sequestration.

Video-assisted neck surgery (VANS) using a gasless lifting procedure for thyroid and parathyroid diseases: "The VANS method from A to Z".

PURPOSE: To describe and evaluate our video-assisted neck surgery (VANS) method for thyroid and parathyroid diseases. METHODS: We describe in detail the VANS method for enucleation, lobectomy, total (nearly total) thyroidectomy, and lymph node dissection for malignancy and Graves' disease. In collaboration with the Japan Society of Endoscopic Surgery (JSES), we evaluated several aspects of this method. The JSES evaluated the method for working-space formation and surgical complications, whereas we examined the learning curve of the surgeons, and the cosmetic satisfaction of the patients and the degree of numbness and pain they experienced. We also asked patients who underwent conventional surgery whether they would have selected VANS had it been available. RESULTS: The working space for 81.5% of the procedures in Japan was created using the gasless lifting method. The learning curve, considering both blood loss and operating time, decreased after 30 cases. Both factors improved for tumors smaller than 5 cm in diameter. Over 60% of the patients who underwent conventional surgery stated that they would have selected VANS, had it been available. Postoperative pain was worse after conventional surgery than after VANS, but neck numbness after VANS was more frequent than expected. CONCLUSIONS: The VANS method is a feasible, safe, and cost-effective procedure with clear cosmetic advantages over conventional surgery.

[Synchronous Multicentric Thymoma].

A 76-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray. His physical exams and laboratory data were not notable. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed 2 nodular lesions with clear margin in anterior mediastinum. The nodule at the left inferior pole of the thymus was 9 cm in diameter, and another one at the right inferior pole was 3.5 cm in diameter. We performed thymo-thymectomy by median sternotomy. Histological study revealed that the left tumor was type B2 thymoma and the other one was type A thymoma. Both were completely encapsulated without invasion, which means stage Ⅰ by Masaoka's classification. The patient has showed no evidence of recurrence for 11 years following the surgery. This is the 1st case in Japan that reported synchronous multicentric thymoma with apparently different histology of type A and B2.

Significance of Body Mass Index for Postoperative Outcomes after Lung Cancer Surgery in Elderly Patients.

BACKGROUND: Although the frequency of elderly patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer has been increasing, indications for surgery in elderly patients are still controversial. Low body mass index is a significant predictor of poor prognosis in elderly patients with various medical conditions. Then, we examined the long-term outcome of elderly patients who had undergone thoracic surgery for lung cancer, focusing especially on body mass index. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2004 and March 2011, 1673 patients with lung cancer underwent surgical resection at our institution. Among these patients, we retrospectively examined 158 patients aged 80 years or older. RESULTS: Perioperative morbidity and mortality rates were 41.8 and 1.3%, respectively. Among 149 patients who were completely followed up, 80 patients (53.7%) died. The overall postoperative survival rates at 3 and 5 years were 66.9 and 49.9%, respectively. Univariate analysis demonstrated that sex (female), smoking index (pack-years <20), histology (non-squamous cell carcinoma), pathological stage (stage I) and BMI (within normal BMI) were statistically significant factors associated with better outcome. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with a low (<18.5 kg/m2) or high (≥25 kg/m2) body mass index had a significantly and poorer prognosis than patients with a normal body mass index. CONCLUSION: Body mass index is a more useful prognostic factor than other clinical factors including pathological stage in elderly patients. Because elderly patients with low and high body mass index have a significant poor prognosis, surgeons and pulmonologist should take this into account when consider surgical indication for such elderly patients.

Cutoff value of thyroid uptake of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate to discriminate between Graves' disease and painless thyroiditis: a single center retrospective study.

Thyroid uptake of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate is a useful way to determine the cause of thyrotoxicosis. In daily clinical practice, (99m)Tc-pertechnetate uptake is used to discriminate between Graves' disease and painless thyroiditis when clinical information is not enough to make the distinction. However, since the optimal cutoff value of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate uptake has not yet been elucidated, our aim was to determine this value. We recruited patients with thyrotoxicosis in whom (99m)Tc-pertechnetate uptake was measured in clinical settings between 2009 and 2013. Three experienced endocrinologists (who were blinded to the value of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate uptake and initial treatment) diagnosed the cause of thyrotoxicosis based on thyrotropin, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin receptor antibody levels, and by ultrasound findings and using images of thyroid uptake of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate without the actual values. Ninety-four patients diagnosed as having Graves' disease or painless thyroiditis were finally included. According to the diagnosis, the optimal cutoff value of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate uptake was determined by receiver operating characteristics analysis. A cutoff value of 1.0% provided optimal sensitivity and specificity of 96.6% and 97.1%, respectively. Then, its validity was confirmed in 78 patients with confirmed Graves' disease or painless thyroiditis diagnosed at another institute. Applying this cutoff value to the patients with thyrotoxicosis revealed positive and negative predictive values for Graves' disease of 100% and 88.9%, respectively. In conclusion, a cutoff value for (99m)Tc-pertechnetate uptake of 1.0% was useful to discriminate between Graves' disease and painless thyroiditis.

Malignancies after living-donor and cadaveric lung transplantations in Japanese patients.

PURPOSE: Lung transplant recipients are known to be at risk of a postoperative malignancy. In Western countries, skin cancer and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) are the most common malignancies in this cohort. We conducted this study to evaluate the characteristics of postoperative malignancies in Japanese patients following living-donor lobar lung transplantation (LDLLT) or cadaveric lung transplantation (CLT). METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 120 Japanese patients who underwent either LDLLT (n = 62) or CLT (n = 58) between April 2002 and July 2015. RESULTS: Postoperative malignancy developed in 11 patients (9.2 %), as PTLD in 7, breast cancer in 1, gastric cancer in 1, glioblastoma in 1, and adenocarcinoma of unknown primary in 1. Twenty-six (21.7 %) of the 120 transplant patients had a history of malignancy pre-transplant; however, the postoperative malignancies were all de novo without any recurrence of the original disease. The malignancies developed after LDLLT in six patients (9.7 %) and after CLT in 5 patients (8.6 %). Three of the four patients with solid organ malignancies had distant metastasis at diagnosis. Three patients died of PTLD and one patient died of gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS: PTLD occurred after both LDLLT and CLT. There was no case of skin cancer in this series of Japanese patients, suggesting ethnic differences. Solid organ malignancies in lung transplant recipients tended to progress rapidly.

[Organizing Pneumonia with High Radiotracer Concentration on Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron Emission Tomography, Mimicking Pleural Dissemination of Lung Cancer;Report of a Case].

A 68-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of an abnormal shadow in the chest roentgenogram. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed the nodule in the right upper lobe (S3), 17 mm in size. One month later, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/CT scanning revealed positive reaction in the right upper lobe lesion and new lesion close to another lobe. In addition, interloblar small nodules were detected, 5 mm and 7 mm in size. A transbronchial brush cytology by bronchoscopy was performed, and the microscopic findings demonstrated the presence of atypical cells, suspected adenocarcinoma. The video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed to establish a diagnosis and a treatment. Histopathological examination showed no malignancy and organizing pneumonia with inflammation. In case of the PET-positive solitary nodule increasing in size, organizing pneumonia should be included in the differential diagnosis.

Impact of the cardiac arrest mode on cardiac death donor lungs.

BACKGROUND: Donation after cardiac death (DCD) organs could alleviate the shortage of donor lungs. This study aimed to assess the influence on lung injuries of the way in which cardiac arrest was induced and to investigate the mechanisms leading to any differences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male rats were allocated into three groups as follows: sham (no warm ischemia), ventricular fibrillation (VF), and asphyxia group. Cardiac arrest was induced by either VF by way of a fibrillator or asphyxia caused by withdrawal of ventilation, which reflected uncontrolled and controlled DCD situations, respectively. The impact on lung flushing after 60 min of warm ischemia time was evaluated (n = 5, in each group). The physiological functions of the lungs in an isolated lung perfusion circuit were also evaluated with warm ischemia time prolonged to 150 min (n = 8, in each group). Messenger RNA expression levels of surfactant proteins (SPs) and inflammatory cytokines, pathologic findings, and high-energy phosphates of the lung tissues were investigated. RESULTS: In the asphyxia group, flushing and physiological functions in the isolated lung perfusion circuit were the most severely affected. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and pathologic findings revealed depletion of surfactant protein (SP)-C in lung tissues of the asphyxia group after reperfusion. The VF group was characteristic with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Lung injuries were mainly attributed to alveolar wall damage and depletion of SP in the asphyxia group, and perivascular area prominent edema in the VF group. DCD donor lungs were affected differently by the way in which cardiac arrest was induced.

Gefitinib treatment in patients with postoperative recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer harboring epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations.

BACKGROUND: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib is an effective treatment for recurrent or advanced lung cancer harboring EGFR gene mutations, and has improved progression-free survival in several clinical trials. However, the effect of gefitinib treatment for recurrent lung cancers with EGFR gene mutations after complete resection and the influence of the timing of such treatment have not been fully elucidated in a practical setting. METHODS: We investigated 64 patients (median age: 68 years; men: 22; women: 42; adenocarcinoma: 61; adenosquamous cell carcinoma: 2; combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: 1) with recurrent lung cancer after complete resection who received gefitinib for the recurrent lesions and in whom the tumors had EGFR gene mutations. Progression-free survival, response rate, and safety were analyzed. RESULTS: Complete response and partial response were achieved in 2 patients and in 42 patients, respectively (objective response rate: 69 %). Stable disease was obtained in 16 patients, the disease control rate was 94 %, and median progression-free survival was 16 months. The timing of gefitinib treatment (first line, second line, or later) and the type of EGFR gene mutation present did not influence progression-free survival. However, a smaller number of recurrent sites at the start of gefitinib treatment was linked to better progression-free survival. Hematologic and nonhematologic toxicities were generally mild, but 1 patient experienced interstitial lung disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that gefitinib treatment for recurrent lung cancer with gene EGFR mutations is a useful option in a practical setting, irrespective of the timing of such treatment and the type of EGFR gene mutation present.

Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for distantly metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in juvenile versus adult patients.

In general, juvenile differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) demonstrate indolent characteristics and favorable prognosis are observed in comparison with many other carcinomas. However, recurrence is frequent, necessitating additional treatment, including radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. In this report, the probability of recurrence, prognostic factors, treatment, and outcomes in both juvenile- and adult-onset DTC were analyzed and compared. At our institution, a total of 1552 DTC patients underwent thyroidectomy and/or lymph node dissection. The patients included 23 in their teens, 118 in their twenties, and 1412 in their thirties or older. The risk factors for distant metastases for DTC were male gender, follicular carcinoma, size of the PTC primary tumor, cervical lymph node metastases from PTC, and the presence of more than two distant metastatic foci. Patients with the highest risk underwent RAI ablation in line with institutional guidelines. Although the overall outcome in our juvenile patients was excellent, during follow-up, 4 (17.4%) of the 23 patients developed recurrent disease: 91.3% achieved complete remission, 4.35% partial remission, and 4.35% stable disease, with no disease-related deaths. Among the 118 patients in their twenties to thirties, 1 (0.8%) experienced progressive disease and disease-related death. A younger age at diagnosis and less radical primary surgery without subsequent RAI ablation are factors strongly predictive of distant metastases in patients with juvenile-onset DTC. To reduce the rate of relapse and improve surveillance for recurrent disease, total thyroidectomy followed by RAI appears to be the most beneficial initial treatment for patients with high- and intermediate-risk juvenile DTC.

Gastroparesis after living-donor lobar lung transplantation: report of five cases.

Gastroparesis is a challenging gastrointestinal complication of deceased-donor lung transplantation and heart-lung transplantation, but it has not been reported after living-donor lobar lung transplantation (LDLLT). To better understand this complication after LDLLT, we reviewed our institutional experiences. Among the 32 patients who survived for at least 3 months after LDLLT, five (16 %) developed symptomatic gastroparesis. All five patients had undergone bilateral LDLLT, and gastroparesis was diagnosed within 2 months after transplantation. Neither adult patients who received single lobar LDLLT nor pediatric patients who received either bilateral or single lobar LDLLT developed gastroparesis. Although gastroparesis-related symptoms improved after medical treatment in three patients, two patients died of complications related to gastroparesis. We conclude that gastroparesis can occur after LDLLT and may cause grave complications unless carefully managed.

Clinical application of ET-Kyoto solution for lung transplantation.

Because of the severe donor shortage in Japan, even after the revision of the Organ Transplant Law in 2010, the frequency of recovery of extended criteria lungs has increased in Japan. We developed a new lung preservation solution, "ET-Kyoto solution," to enhance lung preservation, to minimize primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and to improve the post-transplant outcomes. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed our results of lung transplantation using the ET-Kyoto solution. From 2002 to 2012, 26 patients underwent transplantation of lungs preserved with ET-Kyoto solution from brain-dead donors. We retrospectively reviewed the post-transplant pulmonary function and long-term survival. The graft performance was assessed by the PGD grading system. The mean graft ischemic time was 483.8 ± 19.0 min. The oxygenation capacity after reperfusion and recovery of respiratory function were both acceptable despite the long ischemic time. The survival rate at 5 years after transplantation was 85.1 %. Lungs preserved by ET-Kyoto solution had satisfactory postoperative lung function, despite the long preservation time, with excellent long-term survival. The results were acceptable for the use of grafts with a long ischemic time.

Identification of subsets of patients with favorable prognosis after recurrence in completely resected non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: This retrospective study aimed to determine prognostic factors associated with postrecurrence survival of completely resected non-small cell cancer patients with postoperative recurrence. METHODS: Characteristics, treatment modality, and postrecurrence survival of 234 patients (157 males and 77 females, mean age at recurrence: 68.7 years, 152 adenocarcinomas and 82 non-adenocarcinomas), who underwent complete resection for non-small cell lung cancer between 2003 and 2009 at our hospital and experienced recurrence, were analyzed for prognostic factors. Cox proportional hazard model was applied for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Among 234 patients, the median survival time after the diagnosis of recurrence was 21 months, and the 5-year postrecurrence survival rate was 19.9 %. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) (hazard ratio [HR]: ECOG PS-0/PS-1/PS-2 = 1/3.313/7.622), time to recurrence after surgery (HR: >2 years/1-2 years/<1 year = 1/1.881/2.185), and number of initial recurrent organs (HR: 1 organ/2 organs/3 or more organs = 1/1.896/2.818) were independent prognostic factors. Patients who received resection or stereotactic irradiation for limited number of brain metastases or solitary extracranial metastasis, and those who received mediastinal radiation or chemoradiation for recurrence at regional lymph nodes and/or resected stump had better survival (median survival time after recurrence: 34, 64, and 25 months, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Poor ECOG PS, shorter time from initial surgery to recurrence, and increasing number of initial recurrent regions are associated with poor prognosis after recurrence. When the number of recurrent lesions is limited, intensive local treatment with curative intent should be applied for achieving long-term postrecurrence survival.

Biological differential diagnosis of follicular thyroid tumor and Hürthle cell tumor on the basis of telomere length and hTERT expression.

BACKGROUND: The most difficult thyroid tumors to diagnose by histology are follicular carcinomas (FTCs) and Hürthle cell carcinomas (HCCs). Telomere alteration and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression have been observed in most human cancers and are known to be a feature of malignancy. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether hTERT protein expression and telomere alteration could be applicable biological markers for distinguishing FTC from HCC. METHODS: We investigated a total of 78 thyroid tumor cases, including 14 FTCs, 47 follicular adenomas (FTAs), 5 HCCs, and 12 Hürthle cell adenomas (HCAs). hTERT protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry, and telomere length was determined by tissue quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Positivity for hTERT protein expression was observed in 86 % of FTCs and 49 % of FTAs. Telomeres in FTCs were significantly shorter than those in FTAs. All HCCs and HCAs (100 %) expressed hTERT protein. Telomeres in HCCs were significantly shorter than those in HCAs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that hTERT protein expression and telomere shortening would be applicable as biological markers to distinguish FTC from FTA. Previous studies have suggested that follicular tumor and Hürthle cell tumor should be classified biologically as distinct tumors. All Hürthle cell tumors expressed hTERT protein and HCCs had markedly shortened telomeres, suggesting that follicular tumor and Hürthle cell tumor might be biologically distinct entities.

Redo living-donor lobar lung transplantation for bronchiolitis obliterans associated with antibody-mediated rejection.

Living-donor lobar lung transplantation (LDLLT) is an established therapy for patients with end-stage lung disease, but living-donor lobar lung retransplantation (re-LDLLT) is rarely reported. We previously reported a case of unilateral antibody-mediated rejection after LDLLT in the presence of newly formed donor-specific antibodies against a right-lobe donor. The same patient developed contralateral bronchiolitis obliterans, resulting in bilateral bronchiolitis obliterans, but re-LDLLT was successful. Pathological findings of the explanted lungs were consistent with the clinical course of the patient. One year after re-LDLLT, the patient is doing well without any anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies. Four lobes from four different donors were transplanted in this patient. The first two lobes were rejected eventually, but the two lobes implanted later presented no signs of rejection at least for 1 year after the transplant. Herein, we report this rare case and compare the clinical course and pathological findings.

Prognostic factors for patients in postoperative brain metastases from surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) reduces the life expectancy of patients. In this retrospective study, we investigated the prognostic factors in patients with postoperative brain metastases from surgical resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who had undergone resection for NSCLC between April 2004 and February 2009 and found 65 had experienced postoperative brain metastases by March 2010. We reviewed these patients for clinicopathological information, treatments and responses to treatment, and overall survival. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate after the diagnosis of brain metastases was 15.4 %. Significantly favorable prognostic factors for patients after a diagnosis of brain metastases included female gender, adenocarcinoma, a small number (1-3) of brain metastases, no extracranial metastasis at the diagnosis of brain metastases, radiation treatment (whole-brain radiation and/or stereotactic irradiation), and local treatment [stereotactic irradiation and/or surgical operation (craniotomy)]. Furthermore, in patients with only brain metastases as the postoperative initial recurrence, the favorable positive prognostic factors included a small number (1-3) of brain metastases, adjuvant chemotherapy, chemotherapy (including adjuvant and other chemotherapy and excluding epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors), and local treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that the foregoing clinical characteristics in postoperative brain metastases and the administration of treatment contributed to patient life expectancy.

Therapeutic strategy for low-risk thyroid cancer in Kanaji Thyroid Hospital.

It is well-known that differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) has a generally indolent character and shows a favorable prognosis in comparison with many other carcinomas. The therapeutic strategy for patients with DTC in Japan has differed from that in Western countries. Total thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation has been standard in Western countries, whereas limited hemi-thyroidectomy and subtotal thyroidectomy has been extensively accepted in Japan. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for over 90% of all thyroid cancers in Japan. The majority of patients with PTC are categorized into a low-risk group on the basis of the recent risk-group classification schemes, and they show excellent outcomes. Several management guidelines for thyroid cancers have been published in Western countries. However, the optimal therapeutic options for PTC remain controversial, and high-level clinical evidence aimed at resolving these issues is lacking. Moreover, as socioeconomic differences in medical care exist, conventional policies for the treatment of PTC have differed between Japan and other countries. This review focuses on the special features of treatment in Japan for patients with low-risk DTC involving subtotal thyroidectomy without adjuvant therapies, rather than total thyroidectomy with RAI, with the aim of preserving quality of life. At our institution in Japan, we have had extensive experience with RAI treatment for high-risk DTC patients, and this represents a very rare situation. Here we introduce the therapeutic strategy for low-risk thyroid cancer in Japan, including the measures adopted at our institution.

Increased matrix metalloprotease-3 gene expression in ruptured rotator cuff tendons is associated with postoperative tendon retear.

PURPOSE: The role of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in ruptured rotator cuff tendons remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the gene expression of MMPs in ruptured rotator cuff tendons and to compare their expression levels between patients with and without postoperative tendon retear. METHODS: Twenty-four patients (a median age of 61 years: interquartile range, 55-66 years) with full-thickness rotator cuff tears were examined in this study. The marginal site of the ruptured tendon was harvested during surgery. The mRNA expression levels of collagen types I and III, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-13, tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-2 were analysed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Postoperative retear was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging at a minimum of 1 year following surgery. RESULTS: The mRNA expression levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in ruptured rotator cuff tendons were significantly increased in patients with postoperative retear (n = 6), compared with patients without retear (n = 18) (P = 0.04). For collagens, MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-13, and TIMP-2, there were no significant differences in the mRNA expression levels in ruptured tendons between patients with and without retear. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, in addition to up-regulation of TIMP-1 gene expression, increased MMP-3 gene expression in ruptured rotator cuff tendons is associated with postoperative tendon retear. Thus, drug therapy specifically targeting MMP-3 after rotator cuff repair should be considered in the future.

Propensity score matching analysis of adjuvant external-beam radiotherapy for the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma with other organ invasions.

PURPOSE: The role of adjuvant external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in the treatment of locally advanced papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains controversial due to the lack of prospective data and the conflicting retrospective data. This study aimed to determine the benefits of adjuvant EBRT in patients with PTC and other organ invasions using propensity score matching to reduce the heterogeneity of the patient population. METHODS: Data from patients with PTC with other organ invasions but no distant metastases who underwent surgery and adjuvant radioactive iodine (RAI) alone (Non-EBRT group) or adjuvant EBRT plus RAI (EBRT group) were retrospectively reviewed. Propensity matching was used to reduce heterogeneity. Survival outcomes and toxicities associated with EBRT were evaluated. RESULTS: Between January 2005 and December 2019, 102 patients in the Non-EBRT group and 26 patients in the EBRT group were evaluated. In the 48 propensity score-matched patients, no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the Non-EBRT and EBRT groups were detected. The locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were significantly higher in the EBRT group compared with the rates in the Non-EBRT group (5y-LRRFS: 100% vs. 74%, p = 0.003, 5y-RFS: 91% vs. 74%, p = 0.035). EBRT was well-tolerated, with no grade ≥ 3 toxicity, and all patients completed the therapy as planned. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant EBRT plus RAI exhibited acceptable toxicity and improved LRRFS and RFS in patients with PTC with other organ invasions compared with RAI alone.