Chaperones Hsc70 and Hsp70 play distinct roles in the replication of bocaparvovirus minute virus of canines.

Minute virus of canines (MVC) belongs to the genus Bocaparvovirus (formerly Bocavirus) within the Parvoviridae family and causes serious respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms in neonatal canines worldwide. A productive viral infection relies on the successful recruitment of host factors for various stages of the viral life cycle. However, little is known about the MVC-host cell interactions. In this study, we identified that two cellular proteins (Hsc70 and Hsp70) interacted with NS1 and VP2 proteins of MVC, and both two domains of Hsc70/Hsp70 were mediated for their interactions. Functional studies revealed that Hsp70 was induced by MVC infection, knockdown of Hsc70 considerably suppressed MVC replication, whereas the replication was dramatically promoted by Hsp70 knockdown. It is interesting that low amounts of overexpressed Hsp70 enhanced viral protein expression and virus production, but high amounts of Hsp70 overexpression weakened them. Upon Hsp70 overexpressing, we observed that the ubiquitination of viral proteins changed with Hsp70 overexpression, and proteasome inhibitor (MG132) restored an accumulation of viral proteins. In addition, we verified that Hsp70 family inhibitors remarkably decreased MVC replication. Overall, we identified Hsc70 and Hsp70 as interactors of MVC NS1 and VP2 proteins and were involved in MVC replication, which may provide novel targets for anti-MVC approach.

Clinical evidence for efficacy of pembrolizumab in MSI-H and TMB-H advanced solid tumor: results from three cancer centers in China.

BACKGROUND: Pembrolizumab has been indicated in the treatment of solid tumors with high frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H) or high tumor mutational burden (TMB-H); however, real-world data on the effectiveness of pembrolizumab with or without chemotherapy in this molecular subset remain limited. Our retrospective study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in treating advanced solid tumors with either MSI-H or TMB-H. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed data from 116 patients with MSI-H or TMB-H advanced solid cancers who received pembrolizumab with or without chemotherapy regardless of treatment setting. We analyzed objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: The top three cancer types were colorectal (48.6% MSI-H, 6.5% TMB-H), lung (15.4% MSI-H, 84.4% TMB-H), and gastric (15.4% MSI-H, 5.1% TMB-H). The ORR with pembrolizumab was 52.6%, including complete response (CR) observed in 8.6% (n = 10) of cases and partial responses (PR) in 43.9% (n = 51). Of the 93 patients who received first-line pembrolizumab, 52 patients achieved objective response (10 CR, 42 PR), with a median PFS of 14.0 months (95% confidence intervals [CI] 6.6-21.4). Of the 23 who received subsequent-line pembrolizumab, the ORR was 39.1%, disease control rate was 91.3%, and median PFS was 5.7 months (95% CI 3.9-7.5). Treatment-related adverse events were observed in 32 patients (27.6%), with no reported treatment-related fatal adverse events. CONCLUSION: Our study provides real-world evidence on the clinical effectiveness of pembrolizumab with or without chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with MSI-H and TMB-H advanced solid cancers.

Clinical outcomes for immune checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with uncommon driver gene alterations.

BACKGROUND: Limited data exists on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combinations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with uncommon driver alterations in genes such as ERBB2, BRAF, RET, and MET. This study retrospectively assessed ICI-combination therapy outcomes in this molecular subset of NSCLC. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients with advanced NSCLC confirmed with driver alterations in genes including ERBB2, BRAF, RET or MET, and received ICI combined with chemotherapy (ICI + chemo) and/or targeted therapy (ICI + chemo/TT) as first-line (1L) or second- or third-line (≥ 2L) treatment at Hunan Cancer Hospital between January 2018 and May 2024. RESULTS: Of the 181 patients included in the study, 131 patients received 1L-ICI + chemo (ERBB2, n = 64; BRAF, n = 34; RET, n = 23; and MET, n = 10), and 50 patients received ≥ 2L-ICI + chemo/TT (ERBB2, n = 16; BRAF, n = 7; RET, n = 14; MET, n = 13). The full cohort had an overall response rate (ORR) of 45.9% and disease control rate of 84.0%. Among patients who received 1L-ICI + chemo, ORR ranged between 51.6% and 60.0%, with the median progression-free survival (mPFS) and overall survival (mOS) of 8.2 and 21.0 months for those with ERBB2-altered tumors, 10.0 and 15.0 months for BRAF-altered tumors, 12.1 months and OS not reached for RET-altered tumors, and 6.2 and 28.0 months for MET-altered tumors, respectively. Additionally, ORR ranged between 14.3% and 30.8% for ≥ 2L-ICI + chemo/TT; mPFS and mOS were 5.4 and 16.2 months for patients with ERBB2-altered tumors, 2.7 and 5.0 months for BRAF-altered tumors, 6.2 and 14.3 months for RET-altered tumors, and 5.7 and 11.5 months for MET-altered tumors, respectively. CONCLUSION: ICI-based combination therapies, regardless of treatment line, were effective in treating patients with advanced NSCLC harboring driver alterations in ERBB2, BRAF, RET, or MET. This suggests their potential as alternative treatment options in this patient population.

ChRIPK1 caused necroptosis signaling pathway deficiency in Crassostrea hongkongensis.

RIPK1/TAK1 are important for programmed cell death, including liver death, necroptosis and apoptosis. However, there have been few published reports on the functions of RIPK1/TAK1 in invertebrates. In this study, full-length ChRIPK1 and ChTAK1 were cloned from C. hongkongensis through the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology. ChRIPK1 has almost no homology with human RIPK1 and lacks a kinase domain at the N-terminus but has a DD and RHIM domain. ChTAK1 is conserved throughout evolution. qRT‒PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression patterns of ChRIPK1 in different tissues, developmental stages, and V. coralliilyticus-infected individuals, and both were highly expressed in the mantle and gills, while ChRIPK1 was upregulated in hemocytes and gills after V. coralliilyticus or S. aureus infection, which indicates that ChRIPK1 is involved in immune regulation. Fluorescence assays revealed that ChRIPK1 localized to the cytoplasm of HEK293T cells in a punctiform manner, but the colocalization of ChRIPK1 with ChTAK1 abolished the punctiform morphology. In the dual-luciferase reporter assay, both ChRIPK1 and ChRIPK1-RIHM activated the NF-κB signaling pathway in HEK293T cells, and ChTAK1 activated ChRIPK1 in the NF-κB signaling pathway. The apoptosis rate of the hemocytes was not affected by the necroptosis inhibitor Nec-1 but was significantly decreased, and ChRIPK1 expression was knocked down in the hemocytes of C. hongkongensis. These findings indicated that ChRIPK1 induces apoptosis but not necroptosis in oysters. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on the molecular mechanism by which invertebrates regulate the programmed cell death of hemocytes in oysters.

Survival predictor in emergency resuscitative thoracotomy for blunt trauma patients: Insights from a Chinese trauma center.

PURPOSE: Emergency resuscitative thoracotomy (ERT) is a final salvage procedure for critically injured trauma patients. Given its low success rate and ambiguous indications, its use in blunt trauma scenarios remains highly debated. Consequently, our study seeks to ascertain the overall survival rate of ERT in blunt trauma patients and determine which patients would benefit most from this procedure. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted for this research. Blunt trauma patients who underwent ERT between January 2020 and December 2023 in our trauma center were selected for analysis, with the endpoint outcome being in-hospital survival, divided into survival and non-survival groups. Inter-group comparisons were conducted using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, the Kruskal-Wallis test, Student's t-test, or the Mann-Whitney U test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess potential predictors of survival. Then, the efficacy of the predictors was assessed through sensitivity and specificity analysis. RESULTS: A total of 33 patients were included in the study, with 4 survivors (12.12%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated a significant association between cardiac tamponade and survival, with an adjusted odds ratio of 33.4 (95% CI: 1.31 - 850, p = 0.034). Additionally, an analysis of sensitivity and specificity, targeting cardiac tamponade as an indicator for survivor identification, showed a sensitivity rate of 75.0% and a specificity rate of 96.6%. CONCLUSION: The survival rate among blunt trauma patients undergoing ERT exceeds traditional expectations, suggesting that select individuals with blunt trauma can significantly benefit from the procedure. Notably, those presenting with cardiac tamponade are identified as the subgroup most likely to derive substantial benefits from ERT.

RET rearrangement as a mechanism of resistance to ALK-TKI in non-small cell lung cancer patient with EML4-ALK fusion: A case report.

Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations have previously derived substantial benefits from ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs). However, resistance may develop in some patients. We present a case of co-mutation with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and rearranged during transfection (RET)-rearranged NSCLC, representing a novel resistance mechanism to ALK-TKIs, in which the patient exhibited a favorable response to combination therapy with ensartinib and pralsetinib. Notably, the patient survived 12 months without experiencing adverse events, a rare occurrence in ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma cases. This case provides further evidence for the existence of RET rearrangements in ALK-positive lung cancer and their potential treatment response to a combination of ALK inhibitors and pralsetinib. This case underscores that a dual-target therapy involving ALK inhibitors, specifically ensartinib and pralsetinib, could be a viable approach in cases of RET-rearranged lung cancer with concurrent targetable ALK mutations. We propose the consideration of this dual-target approach, specifically employing ensartinib and pralsetinib, in managing RET-rearranged lung cancer coexisting with targetable ALK mutations. Given the potential efficacy of these treatments, it is imperative to proactively conduct molecular profiling tests in NSCLC patients upon the emergence of resistance.

Study on the mechanism of quercetin inducing mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into fibroblasts through TGF-ß1 and IGF-1.

BACKGROUND: Stem cell differentiation has opened up new avenues for disease treatment, tissue repair, and drug development in the study of regenerative medicine, and has huge application prospects. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of quercetin on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into fibroblasts. METHODS: In this study, cell differentiation experiments and flow cytometry were used to detect the successful isolation of bone marrow MSCs from SD rats. Quercetin at 5, 10, and 20 µM was used as low, medium, and high doses to intervene in MSCs. The cell viability changes of ligament fibroblasts at 24, 48, and 72 hours after quercetin treatment were detected using a CCK-8 cell counting kit. Cell proliferative capacity was determined by flow cytometry. RT-qPCR measured the relative expression levels of TGF-ß1, IGF-1, COL-Ⅰ, COL-Ⅲ, FN (fibronectin), and TNMD (Tenomodulin) in different experimental groups. Molecular docking experiments were conducted to explore the binding effect of quercetin on TGF-ß1 and IGF-1 proteins. RESULTS: Flow cytometry verified the successful isolation of MSCs, which had high expression of CD29 and CD73, while lower expression of CD90 and CD45. Experimental results show that low and medium doses of quercetin can enhance cell proliferation, while high doses have no significant effect on cells. Detection of cell proliferation through flow cytometry yielded similar results to CCK-8. Transwell experiments have shown that low and medium doses of quercetin can increase cell migration ability. In addition, RT-qPCR detection showed that quercetin can increase the mRNA expression of TGF-ß1 and IGF-1, and promote the expression of COL-Ⅰ, COL-Ⅲ, FN, and TNMD genes in ligament fibroblasts. Molecular docking results showed that quercetin can bind firmly to TGF-ß1 and IGF-1. CONCLUSION: Overall, this study revealed the morphological characteristics and identification of MSCs, as well as the regulatory mechanism of quercetin on the behavior of ligament fibroblasts. Quercetin affects the proliferation and gene expression of ligament fibroblasts by regulating the expression of TGF-ß1 and IGF-1, which may provide a new perspective for biomedical research on the skeletal system.

Detection and localization of corrosion using the combination information of multiple Lamb wave modes.

Themulti-modeanddispersionnature of Lamb waves means that a variety of modes with individual mode structures and distinct dispersion behaviors would propagate in the structures simultaneously. The existence of a corrosion would result in thickness reduction, which means the frequency-thickness product under a specific excitation would also decrease. Due to dispersion diversity, the interaction of each individual Lamb mode at the corrosion may be distinct, i.e., the velocity varies in different extent and even in opposite trends. In this paper, the combination of multiple modes, rather than a single sensitive mode, is used for structure diagnosis. Specifically, two Lamb modes both sensitive to corrosion but with opposite variation trends are taken and the corrosion index is defined on the ratio of their time-of-flight, so as to enhance the sensitivity to corrosion and eliminate the influence of difference path lengths in the sensor network. On this basis, a probabilistic reconstruction algorithm is introduced for corrosion detection and localization. Since the two modes are extracted from the same wideband Lamb wave response, the proposed method is baseline-free. The influence of mode conversion on the effectiveness of the proposed method is discussed. Ultimately, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by an experimental example. The results show that the defect could be correctly identified and accurately localized.

Redescription of two species of Neoperla Needham, 1905 (Plecoptera, Perlidae) and new distribution records of Neoperlamnong Stark, 1987 in China.

Background: Two species of Neoperla from Guizhou Province, China, N.bituberculata Du, 2000 and N.dashahena Du, 2005 were described with brief morphological descriptions available only in Chinese and original illustrations being somewhat blurry. Recently, we examined type material of these two species and re-described them with clear colour pictures for the first time. New information: In this paper, detailed English descriptions and colour pictures of Neoperlabituberculata and N.dashahena are provided for the first time. The type locality of N.mnong Stark is from Vietnam and its geographical distribution is also discussed. Additionally, we also recorded the distribution of N.mnong Stark, 1987 in Guizhou, Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces of China for the first time and provided a geographical distribution map of this species.

IMPDH2 Positively Impacts the Proliferation Potential of Hepatoblastoma Cells by Activating JunB Signaling Pathway.

BACKGROUND: Amplification of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase II, EC 1,1,1,205 (IMPDH2) has been reported in various cancers, which results in transformation and tumorigenicity. In our current work, we have explored the oncogenic properties and the underlying pathophysiology of IMPDH2 in hepatoblastoma (HB). METHODS: To investigate IMPDH2 expression in HB tissues and prognostic significance in HB patients, gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) has been adopted. Immunohistochemistry has also helped to validate the protein expression of IMPDH2 in HB tissues. The effect of IMPDH2 overexpression or depletion on the proliferation of Hepatoblastoma cells in vitro has been evaluated by CCK8 assays and colony formation assays. Xenograft tumor growth of mice has been detected. Luciferase reporter assays have been conducted to determine the interaction of IMPDH2 and JunB, which was further asserted by pharmacological inhibition of JunB. RESULTS: IMPDH2 was highly expressed in HB tissues. Experimentally, the proliferation and colony formation of HuH6 cells were increased by IMPDH2 overexpression. Conversely, genetic inactivation of IMPDH2 impaired the proliferative efficiency and colony-forming rate of HepG2 cells. Besides, the luciferase reporter assay validated IMPDH2 overexpression to be associated with enhanced JunB transcriptional activity, while its activity was diminished in the case of IMPDH2 depletion. JunB inhibitor neutralized the IMPDH2-mediated increased phosphorylation of JunB. CONCLUSION: Our findings, thus, suggest that IMPDH2 exhibits its oncogenic role in HB partially via JunB-dependent proliferation.

CsNYC1a Mediates Chlorophyll Degradation and Albino Trait Formation in the Arbor-Type Tea Plant Camellia nanchuanica.

Albino germplasms are prized tea plant mutants with yellow/white leaves. However, understanding of the albino mechanisms in non-Camellia sinensis tea species remains limited. This study elucidated the albino trait formation in Nanchuan Dachashu (C. nanchuanica), an arbor-type tea species, and its association with tea quality. The yellow-leaved albino individual NH1 exhibited abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure and reduced chlorophyll/carotenoid levels compared to green-leaved NL1. Integrating transcriptomics, metabolomics, yeast one-hybrid, and transgenic approaches identified the chlorophyll b reductase gene CsNYC1a as a key regulator, which was significantly up-regulated in NH1, and its overexpression in Arabidopsis recapitulated the albino phenotype. In yeast, histone CsH1.2 binds to the CsNYC1a promoter. These findings suggest that CsH1.2-CsNYC1a-mediated chlorophyll degradation may be a key mechanism underlying albino formation in Nanchuan Dachashu. In addition, as a germplasm with higher polyphenol-to-amino acid ratio than NL1, NH1 offers more possibilities for breeding and application.

Effects of theacrine on the astringency of EGCG by affecting salivary protein - EGCG interactions through different molecular mechanisms.

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and theacrine are involved in imparting tea with its astringent and bitter tastes. This study investigated the effect of theacrine on the astringency of EGCG and its molecular mechanism. Sensory evaluation was used to study the astringent intensities of EGCG solutions in the presence and absence of various concentrations of theacrine. The results indicated a considerable increase in the astringency values of EGCG-theacrine solutions compared with those of EGCG solutions alone. Furthermore, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and molecular dynamics simulations (MD) were to explore the interaction mechanisms. The results revealed that theacrine increased the particle size of EGCG-proline-rich proteins (PRPs) aggregates with that of EGCG and PRPs alone. MD revealed that theacrine potentially acted as a bridge between EGCG and PRPs, promoting their interaction and intensifying the EGCG's astringency. However, theacrine could not bridge two or more mucins owing to the substantial spatial structure of mucin.

The enzymatic synthesis of theaflavin-3-gallate oxidation product and its determination.

In this work, the oxidation of theaflavin-3-gallate (TF-3-G) was investigated using (-)-epicatechin (EC) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as substrates in a one-pot reaction. The resulting TF-3-G oxidation product was acquired by employing acetonitrile/water and ethanol/water as eluents, respectively, which was identified as theanaphthoquinone-3'-gallate (TNQ-3'-G). Surprisingly, we discovered that TNQ-3'-G could react with certain protic solvents to form new and unstable complexes through intermolecular hydrogen bond. This reactivity was also confirmed by the presence of irregular peaks in reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) besides spectroscopic data. Therefore, we inferred that the number of carboxyl groups may increase through the successive oxidative polymerization of the TFs oxidation products. The high-molecular polymer could also interact with biomacromolecules in a similar manner to their interaction with protic solvents. This interaction might be one of the main factors contributing to the broad hump of thearubigins (TRs) on the RP-HPLC baseline. Additionally, these findings lay a solid foundation for interpreting the structures of TRs and understanding their generation mechanism.

MRI-Based Clinical-Imaging-Radiomics Nomogram Model for Discriminating Between Benign and Malignant Solid Pulmonary Nodules or Masses.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary nodules or masses are highly prevalent worldwide, and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions remains difficult. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide functional and metabolic information of pulmonary lesions. This study aimed to establish a nomogram model based on clinical features, imaging features, and multi-sequence MRI radiomics to identify benign and malignant solid pulmonary nodules or masses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 145 eligible patients (76 male; mean age, 58.4 years ± 13.7 [SD]) with solid pulmonary nodules or masses were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were randomized into two groups (training cohort, n = 102; validation cohort, n = 43). The nomogram was used for predicting malignant pulmonary lesions. The diagnostic performance of different models was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: Of these patients, 95 patients were diagnosed with benign lesions and 50 with malignant lesions. Multivariate analysis showed that age, DWI value, LSR value, and ADC value were independent predictors of malignant lesions. Among the radiomics models, the multi-sequence MRI-based model (T1WI+T2WI+ADC) achieved the best diagnosis performance with AUCs of 0.858 (95%CI: 0.775, 0.919) and 0.774 (95%CI: 0.621, 0.887) for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Combining multi-sequence radiomics, clinical and imaging features, the predictive efficacy of the clinical-imaging-radiomics model was significantly better than the clinical model, imaging model and radiomics model (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The MRI-based clinical-imaging-radiomics model is helpful to differentiate benign and malignant solid pulmonary nodules or masses, and may be useful for precision medicine of pulmonary diseases.

The role of superoxide anion to Cr(VI) reduction by pine biochar.

It has been reported that Cr(VI) can be reduced by biochar because of its redox activity. Considering the anionic form of Cr(VI), we hypothesize that the reduction in aqueous phase is significant. However, the contribution of different reactive oxygen species in the biochar-Cr(VI) reaction system has not been distinguished. Herein, we quantitatively identified Cr(VI) adsorption and reduction in biochar systems. The reduction content of Cr(VI) was 1.5 times higher in untreated conditions than in anaerobic conditions. The disappearance of·O2- under anaerobic conditions illustrated that·O2- may be involved in the reduction of Cr(VI). Quenching of·O2- resulted in a decrease of Cr(VI) reduction by 34%, while 1O2 was negligible, probably due to the stronger electron-donating capacity of·O2-. The degradation of nitrotetrazolium blue chloride (quenching agent of·O2-) confirmed that the reduction process of·O2- mainly occurred in the liquid-phase. Boehm titration and quantification of·O2- further elucidated the significant correlation (P < 0.05) between phenolic groups and the formation of·O2-, which implied that phenolic groups acted as the primary electron donors in generating·O2-. This study highlights the importance of the liquid-phase reduction process in removing Cr(VI), which provides theoretical support for biochar conversion of Cr(VI).

Electroreductive Remote Benzylic C(sp3)-H Arylation of Aliphatic Ethers Using Cyanoarenes for the Synthesis of α-(Hetero)aryl Ethers.

An iodoarene-driven electroreductive remote C(sp3)-H arylation of unsymmetrical 1-(o-iodoaryl)alkyl ethers with cyanoarenes for the site selective synthesis of α-(hetero)aryl ethers is developed. With the introduction of cyanoarenes as both aryl sources and electron transfer mediators, this method includes an iodoarene-driven strategy to enable the regiocontrollable formation of two new bonds, one C(sp2)-H bond, and one C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond, in a single reaction step through the sequence of halogen atom transfer (XAT), hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), radical-radical coupling, and decyanation.

The gut microbiota and post-traumatic major depression disorder: insights from bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization.

Background: Exposure to trauma is often associated with an increased incidence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), yet the mechanisms underlying MDD development post-trauma remain elusive. The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, suggesting its potential role in post-traumatic MDD (PTMDD) development. Our study aimed to assess the significance of the gut microbiome-brain interaction in PTMDD. Methods: We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and both PTMDD and trauma exposure in MDD. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets for PTMDD and trauma exposure in MDD, both derived from the UK Biobank. The PTMDD dataset included 24,090 individuals (13,393 cases and 10,701 controls), while the dataset for trauma exposure in MDD comprised 22,880 participants (13,393 cases and 9,487 controls). Additionally, gut microbiota data from the MiBioGen consortium included 14,306 European individuals across 18 diverse cohorts. Results: Our research identified a significant negative association between the phylum Verrucomicrobia (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] =0.799 [0.684-0.933], P=0.005) and the risk of developing PTMDD, suggesting a protective role for Verrucomicrobia against PTMDD. Conversely, our findings indicate no causal effects of the gut microbiota on trauma exposure in MDD. However, reverse analysis revealed that both PTMDD and MDD influence certain bacterial traits, affecting 5 and 9 bacterial traits, respectively. Moreover, Verrucomicrobia (OR [95% CI] = 1.166 [1.051 - 1.294], P=0.004) was found to be positively impacted by trauma exposure in MDD. Conclusion: Our findings provide a cause-and-effect relationship between the gut microbiota and PTMDD, contributing to our understanding of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and its role in neuropsychiatric disorder development after trauma. This information provides an opportunity for new treatment and prevention methods which are aimed at the gut-brain interaction.

Thoracic high resolution computed tomography evaluation of imaging abnormalities of 108 lung cancer patients with different pulmonary function.

PURPOSE: Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) belong to lung function injury. PRISm is a precursor to COPD. We compared and evaluated the different basic information, imaging findings and survival curves of 108 lung cancer patients with different pulmonary function based on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). METHODS: This retrospective study was performed on 108 lung cancer patients who did pulmonary function test (PFT) and thoracic HRCT. The basic information was evaluated: gender, age, body mass index (BMI), smoke, smoking index (SI). The following pulmonary function findings were evaluated: forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio. The following computed tomography (CT) findings were evaluated: appearance (bronchiectasis, pneumonectasis, atelectasis, ground-glass opacities [GGO], interstitial inflammation, thickened bronchial wall), diameter (aortic diameter, pulmonary artery diameter, MPAD/AD ratio, inferior vena cava diameter [IVCD]), tumor (volume, classification, distribution, staging [I, II, III, IV]). Mortality rates were calculated and survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Compared with normal pulmonary function group, PRISm group and COPD group were predominantly male, older, smoked more, poorer lung function and had shorter survival time after diagnosis. There were more abnormal images in PRISm group and COPD group than in normal lung function group (N-C group). In PRISm group and COPD group, lung cancer was found late, and the tumor volume was larger, mainly central squamous carcinoma. But the opposite was true for the N-C group. The PRISm group and COPD group had significant poor survival probability compared with the normal lung function group. CONCLUSIONS: Considerable differences regarding basic information, pulmonary function, imaging findings and survival curves are found between normal lung function group and lung function injury group. Lung function injury (PRISm and COPD) should be taken into account in future lung cancer screening studies.

Study on the mechanism of quercetin in Sini Decoction Plus Ginseng Soup to inhibit liver cancer and HBV virus replication through CDK1.

BACKGROUND: To explore the anti-tumor and anti-virus key active ingredients of Sini Decoction Plus Ginseng Soup (SNRS) and their mechanisms. METHODS: The main ingredients of SNRS were analyzed by network pharmacology, and quercetin was identified as the key active ingredient. Then, we obtained the targets of quercetin by using Drugbank, PharmMapper, and SwissTargetPrediction databases. Then, the targets of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-related HCC) were obtained by using Genecards database. In addition, using the gene expression profiles of HBV-related HCC patients in GEO database and the genes with the greatest survival difference in GEPIA 2 database identified the potential targets of quercetin. In addition, the mechanism of potential genes was studied through GO, KEGG analysis, and PPI network. Using AUC and survival analysis to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and CCNB1. Finally, the effects of quercetin on proliferation of Hep3B and HepG2215 cells and the level of CDK1 and CCNB1 were verified in vitro. ELISA was used to measure the expression levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) after the intervention by quercetin for 24 h and 48 h in HepG2215 cell. RESULTS: The first 10 key ingredients of SNRS were identified, and quercetin was the most key ingredient. The 101 potential quercetin targets were identified for the treatment of HBV-related HCC. GO and KEGG showed that 101 potential target enrichment in cancer and cell cycle regulation. By Venn analysis, CDK1 and CCNB1 were intersection targets, which could be used as potential targets for the action of quercetin on HBV-related HCC. Moreover, the expression of CDK1 and CCNB1 was highly expressed in the high-risk group, while the OS rate was low. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year area under the curve (AUC) curves of CDK1 and CCNB1 were 0.724, 0.676, 0.622 and 0.745, 0.678, 0.634, respectively. Moreover, experimental results also showed that quercetin inhibited cell proliferation and reduced CDK1 expression in Hep3B and HepG2215 cells. The expressions of HBsAg and HBeAg in HepG2215 cell supernatant and cell gradually decreased with the increase of intervention time of quercetin and CDK1 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: Quercetin is a key ingredient of anti-HBV-related HCC activity and inhibits HBV replication in SNRS by inhibiting CDK1.

Accuracy of two-dimensional transverse wave elastography of salivary glands in diagnosis of Sjögren's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) is a non-invasive technique for the evaluation of Sjögren's disease (SjD). This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of 2D-SWE in assessing major salivary gland involvement in SjD. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Data were obtained by searching PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane library and CNKI from 1999 to 26 September 2022, which includes randomised clinical trial of 2D-SWE for the diagnosis of SjD. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: (1) Patients (≥18 years old) diagnosed with SjD following the international classification in 2002 or 2016 American College of Rheumatology-European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for SjD; (2) The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of 2D-SWE in SjD; (3) The evaluation parameters for the diagnosis of SjD can be extracted or indirectly obtained in this article, including sensitivity, specificity, true positive, false positive, false negative, true negative, diagnostic point (Young's modulus) and other data. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Four authors independently screened and assessed the literature and extracted the data. RevMan V.5.3 and StataMP V.18 software were used for quality assessment and meta-analysis. RESULTS: We included 8 studies with a total of 912 cases, including 509 patients with SjD. The high-risk bias in the quality evaluation focused on patient selection and index test. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and summary area under the curve of 2D-SWE were 0.75 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.84), 0.89 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.94) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.92), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: 2D-SWE has an acceptable diagnostic accuracy for SjD patients and is an effective tool for auxiliary diagnosis of SjD. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022365766.