USP47 deficiency in mice modulates tumor infiltrating immune cells and enhances antitumor immune responses in prostate cancer.

This study investigates the role of USP47, a deubiquitinating enzyme, in the tumor microenvironment and its impact on antitumor immune responses. Analysis of TCGA database revealed distinct expression patterns of USP47 in various tumor tissues and normal tissues. Prostate adenocarcinoma showed significant downregulation of USP47 compared to normal tissue. Correlation analysis demonstrated a positive association between USP47 expression levels and infiltrating CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, while showing a negative correlation with NKT cells. Furthermore, using Usp47 knockout mice, we observed a slower tumor growth rate and reduced tumor burden. The absence of USP47 led to increased infiltration of immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells, NKT cells, and T cells. Additionally, USP47 deficiency resulted in enhanced activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and altered T cell subsets within the tumor microenvironment. These findings suggest that USP47 plays a critical role in modulating the tumor microenvironment and promoting antitumor immune responses, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer.

Type I/type III IFN and related factors regulate JEV infection and BBB endothelial integrity.

BACKGROUND: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) remains a predominant cause of Japanese encephalitis (JE) globally. Its infection is usually accompanied by disrupted blood‒brain barrier (BBB) integrity and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation in a poorly understood pathogenesis. Productive JEV infection in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) is considered the initial event of the virus in penetrating the BBB. Type I/III IFN and related factors have been described as negative regulators in CNS inflammation, whereas their role in JE remains ambiguous. METHODS: RNA-sequencing profiling (RNA-seq), real-time quantitative PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting analysis were performed to analyze the gene and protein expression changes between mock- and JEV-infected hBMECs. Bioinformatic tools were used to cluster altered signaling pathway members during JEV infection. The shRNA-mediated immune factor-knockdown hBMECs and the in vitro transwell BBB model were utilized to explore the interrelation between immune factors, as well as between immune factors and BBB endothelial integrity. RESULTS: RNA-Seq data of JEV-infected hBMECs identified 417, 1256, and 2748 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 12, 36, and 72 h post-infection (hpi), respectively. The altered genes clustered into distinct pathways in gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, including host antiviral immune defense and endothelial cell leakage. Further investigation revealed that pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs, including TLR3, RIG-I, and MDA5) sensed JEV and initiated IRF/IFN signaling. IFNs triggered the expression of interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFITs) via the JAK/STAT pathway. Distinct PRRs exert different functions in barrier homeostasis, while treatment with IFN (IFN-ß and IFN-λ1) in hBMECs stabilizes the endothelial barrier by alleviating exogenous destruction. Despite the complex interrelationship, IFITs are considered nonessential in the IFN-mediated maintenance of hBMEC barrier integrity. CONCLUSIONS: This research provided the first comprehensive description of the molecular mechanisms of host‒pathogen interplay in hBMECs responding to JEV invasion, in which type I/III IFN and related factors strongly correlated with regulating the hBMEC barrier and restricting JEV infection. This might help with developing an attractive therapeutic strategy in JE.

COVID-19 victimization experience and university students' smartphone addiction: the mediating role of emotional intelligence.

OBJECTIVES: During the post-COVID-19 era, everyone has the risk of contracting the virus and becoming the victims of COVID-19. Examining the relationship between the COVID-19 victimization experience and its effects is more urgent. The aim of present study is to propose a mediation model to investigate the association between COVID-19 victimization experience and smartphone addiction, and the mediating role of emotional intelligence. METHODS: A online questionnaire including the COVID-19 Victimization Experience Scale, the Smartphone Addiction Scale, and the Emotional Intelligence Scale among Chinese university students, were employed in this study. Finally, 1154 valid questionnaires were collected. The reliability and confirmatory factor analysis results showed that all three scales had good reliability and validity. RESULTS: Structural Equation Model (SEM) demonstrated that COVID-19 victimization experience significantly predicted smartphone addiction in university students, and emotional intelligence partially mediated the association between COVID-19 victimization experience and smartphone addiction. Bootstrap results furthermore tested the rigor of the mediating effect. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 victimization experience was a important variables in predicting university students's martphone addiction, and emotional intelligence was a protective factor in decreasing the negative effect of COVID-19 victimization experience on addictive behaviors. It is suggested that instructors should integrate emotional intelligence training programs into mental health courses so as to improve students' emotional intelligence ability.

RIG-I modulates Src-mediated AKT activation to restrain leukemic stemness.

Retinoic acid (RA)-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is highly upregulated and functionally implicated in the RA-induced maturation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts. However, the underlying mechanism and the biological relevance of RIG-I expression to the maintenance of leukemogenic potential are poorly understood. Here, we show that RIG-I, without priming by foreign RNA, inhibits the Src-facilitated activation of AKT-mTOR in AML cells. Moreover, in a group of primary human AML blasts, RIG-I reduction renders the Src family kinases hyperactive in promoting AKT activation. Mechanistically, a PxxP motif in RIG-I, upon the N-terminal CARDs' association with the Src SH1 domain, competes with the AKT PxxP motif for recognizing the Src SH3 domain. In accordance, mutating PxxP motif prevents Rig-I from inhibiting AKT activation, cytokine-stimulated myeloid progenitor proliferation, and in vivo repopulating capacity of leukemia cells. Collectively, our data suggest an antileukemia activity of RIG-I via competitively inhibiting Src/AKT association.

Viral RNA-Unprimed Rig-I Restrains Stat3 Activation in the Modulation of Regulatory T Cell/Th17 Cell Balance.

Innate immunity activation by viral RNA-primed retinoid acid inducible gene-I (Rig-I) in CD4+ T cells antagonizes TGFß signaling to suppress the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, how viral RNA-unliganded Rig-I (apo-Rig-I) modulates Treg generation remains unclear. In this article, we show that, in the absence of viral infection, Treg differentiation of Rig-I-/- CD4+ T cells was compromised, in the presence of increased generation of Th17 cells and overactivation of Stat3, a critical regulator tilting the Treg/Th17 cell balance. Mechanistically, apo-Rig-I physically associates with Stat3, thereby inhibiting Jak1's association with Stat3 while facilitating Shp2's association to inhibit p-Stat3 levels. Interestingly, inhibition of Stat3 ameliorates the Treg/Th17 imbalance and the colitis observed in Rig-I-/- mice. Collectively, these results uncover an independent functional contribution of the apo-Rig-I/Stat3 interaction in the maintenance of Treg/Th17 cell balance.

Higher CYP2E1 Activity Correlates with Hepatocarcinogenesis Induced by Diethylnitrosamine.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of primary liver cancer and the third most frequent cause of cancer death worldwide. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is one of the recognized risk factors for hepatocarcinogenesis likely due to CYP2E1-mediated metabolic activation. However, CYP2E1-mediated DEN metabolic activity in non-neoplastic liver tissue from HCC patients has not been determined; the role of CYP2E1 activity, in particular CYP2E1 constitutive activity and CYP2E1 inhibited activity, with respect to the hepatocarcinogenesis induced by DEN is not yet clear. Herein, we determined CYP2E1-mediated DEN metabolic activity in non-neoplastic liver tissue from HCC patients and found that CYP2E1-mediated DEN metabolic activity was significantly elevated with a 43.3% positive rate, and clinicopathologic parameters did not affect the activity. Then, using a Sprague-Dawley rat liver tumor model induced by DEN, the relationship between CYP2E1 constitutive/inhibited activity and hepatocarcinogenesis was explored. The results showed that the CYP2E1 constitutive activity was strongly correlated with tumor incidence and severity of liver tumorigenesis (nodule numbers and size), whereas inhibition of CYP2E1 activity decreased hepatocyte proliferation, liver injury, and liver carcinogenesis in the presence of DEN. In conclusion, the higher CYP2E1 activity would lead to an increased incidence of HCC as a result of CYP2E1-mediated DEN activation. Therefore, higher CYP2E1 activity might be a risk factor for HCC induced by DEN.

From hepatofibrosis to hepatocarcinogenesis: Higher cytochrome P450 2E1 activity is a potential risk factor.

Hepatofibrosis is an important susceptibility factor for hepatocarcinogenesis. However, only a handful of cases of hepatofibrosis will develop into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is involved in the metabolism and activation of many known environmental toxicants and procarcinogens, this enzyme may play a role in the development of hepatocarcinogenesis subsequent to hepatofibrosis. Herein, we evaluated whether higher CYP2E1 activity is a risk factor for the development of hepatocarcinogenesis from hepatofibrosis. CYP2E1 activity in fibrotic tissues from 72 HCC patients and in normal liver tissues from 59 control subjects was determined along with the severity of hepatofibrosis in hepatocarcinogenesis patients. Similarly, using a rat diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis model, CYP2E1 activity at the hepatofibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis stages was determined, the correlation between CYP2E1 activity at the hepatofibrosis stage and hepatocarcinogenesis was explored, and the impact of inhibition of CYP2E1 activity on hepatocarcinogenesis was studied. The results showed that while CYP2E1 activity in HCC patients with underlying hepatofibrosis was increased, the severity of hepatofibrosis did not correlate with CYP2E1 activity. In the rat hepatocarcinogenesis model, unexpectedly, CYP2E1 activity was found to decrease from hepatofibrosis to hepatocarcinogenesis. Importantly, however, hepatofibrotic rats with higher CYP2E1 activity developed a more severe form of HCC. Moreover, inhibition of CYP2E1 activity could decrease the occurrence and development of HCC in rats. In conclusion, higher CYP2E1 activity may be a risk factor for hepatocarcinogenesis from hepatofibrosis, which raises the possibility of screening patients with hepatofibrosis for CYP2E1 activity to better estimate their risk for hepatocarcinogenesis.

Identification of IL-7 as a candidate disease mediator in osteoarthritis in Chinese Han population: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the biochemical mediators IL-7 that correlate with the initiation and progression of OA. We performed this study to assess the role of variants of IL-7 in OA susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, case-control study in the Chinese Han population from 2013 to 2015. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped (using a ligase detection reaction) in 602 patients and 454 controls. Differences between groups were analysed, and association was assessed by the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI. RESULTS: Among these polymorphisms, rs2583764, rs2583760 and rs6993386 showed no significant association with OA in the Chinese Han population {rs2583764 [P-allele = 0.98651, P-genotype = 0.40392, OR (95% CI): 1.00162 (0.83066, 1.20775)]; rs2583760 [P-allele = 0.384500, P-genotype = 0.58752, OR (95% CI): 0.69859 (0.30996, 1.57449)]; rs6993386 [P-allele = 0.69525, P-genotype = 0.50712, OR (95% CI): 0.96432 (0.80406, 1.15653)]}. However, the results showed that the rs2583759 polymorphism was significantly associated with OA [P-allele = 0.00 P-genotype = 3.86 × 10(-30), OR (95% CI): 0.27794 (0.22407, 0.34476)], even when the 10 000 times permutation was performed (P-allele-permutation < 0.00010, P-genotype-permutation = 0.00010). Haplotype analyses showed A-G-A-C, A-G-A-T and G-G-G-C of rs2583764-rs2583760-rs6993386-rs2583759 were risk factors for OA, both before or after the 10 000 times permutation, indicating IL-7 to be associated with OA. CONCLUSION: There was a significant association between IL-7, especially rs2583759, and OA in the Chinese Han population.

Rig-I regulates NF-κB activity through binding to Nf-κb1 3'-UTR mRNA.

Retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) senses viral RNAs and triggers innate antiviral responses through induction of type I IFNs and inflammatory cytokines. However, whether RIG-I interacts with host cellular RNA remains undetermined. Here we report that Rig-I interacts with multiple cellular mRNAs, especially Nf-κb1. Rig-I is required for NF-κB activity via regulating Nf-κb1 expression at posttranscriptional levels. It interacts with the multiple binding sites within 3'-UTR of Nf-κb1 mRNA. Further analyses reveal that three distinct tandem motifs enriched in the 3'-UTR fragments can be recognized by Rig-I. The 3'-UTR binding with Rig-I plays a critical role in normal translation of Nf-κb1 by recruiting the ribosomal proteins [ribosomal protein L13 (Rpl13) and Rpl8] and rRNAs (18S and 28S). Down-regulation of Rig-I or Rpl13 significantly reduces Nf-κb1 and 3'-UTR-mediated luciferase expression levels. These findings indicate that Rig-I functions as a positive regulator for NF-κB signaling and is involved in multiple biological processes in addition to host antivirus immunity.

A nonsense mutation in DHTKD1 causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 in a large Chinese pedigree.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease represents a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited neuropathies. Here, we report a five-generation family of eight affected individuals with CMT disease type 2, CMT2. Genome-wide linkage analysis showed that the disease phenotype is closely linked to chromosomal region 10p13-14, which spans 5.41 Mb between D10S585 and D10S1477. DNA-sequencing analysis revealed a nonsense mutation, c.1455T>G (p.Tyr485(∗)), in exon 8 of dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain-containing 1 (DHTKD1) in all eight affected individuals, but not in other unaffected individuals in this family or in 250 unrelated normal persons. DHTKD1 mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood of affected persons were observed to be half of those in unaffected individuals. In vitro studies have shown that, compared to wild-type mRNA and DHTKD1, mutant mRNA and truncated DHTKD1 are significantly decreased by rapid mRNA decay in transfected cells. Inhibition of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay by UPF1 silencing effectively rescued the decreased levels of mutant mRNA and protein. More importantly, DHTKD1 silencing was found to lead to impaired energy production, evidenced by decreased ATP, total NAD(+) and NADH, and NADH levels. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the heterozygous nonsense mutation in DHTKD1 is one of CMT2-causative genetic alterations, implicating an important role for DHTKD1 in mitochondrial energy production and neurological development.

Polymorphism in the 11q24.1 genomic region is associated with myopia: a comprehensive genetic study in Chinese and Japanese populations.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association of polymorphisms in the 11q24.1 genomic region and the CTNND2 gene with myopia. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis included 6,954 cases and 9,346 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using Carlin's method. Publication bias was assessed using Egger et al.'s approach. Sensitivity, heterogeneity, and trim and fill analyses were also conducted. RESULTS: For the 11q24.1 genomic region, the rs11218544 polymorphism showed significant association with myopia [OR and 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.167 (1.032-1.319), p=0.013], while rs577948 showed no association with the disease [OR and 95%CI: 0.988 (0.727-1.342), p=0.936]. For the CTNND2 gene, neither rs6885224 nor rs12716080 was significantly associated with myopia {rs6885224: [OR and 95%CI: 1.051 (0.795-1.391), p=0.725], rs12716080: [OR and 95%CI: 1.173 (0.990-1.390), p=0.065]}. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicated that the 11q24.1 genomic region, and particularly the rs11218544 polymorphism, has a genetic association with the development of myopia.

CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility of multiple sclerosis: an updated meta-analysis study including 12,916 cases and 15,455 controls.

Abstract Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is a cell surface molecule involved in the regulation of T cells. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CTLA-4 gene are known to be associated with susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to evaluate the association between CTLA-4 and the risk of MS. Comprehensive meta-analysis was applied to case-control studies of the association between MS and CTLA-4 to assess the joint evidence for the association, the influence of individual studies, and evidence for publication bias. The authors searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and reference lists of relevant studies to September 2013. In all, the allele or genotype analysis showed no significant association between + 49A/G, - 318C/T, or CT60A/G and MS. And the subgroups of the three polymorphisms divided into Americas, Europe, and Asia showed no significant association with MS. The sensitivity analysis or publication bias analysis showed no significance. In conclusion, this comprehensive meta-analysis suggested that + 49A/G, - 318C/T, or CT60A/G polymorphism, either in total analysis or in subgroup analyses, has no significant association with MS disease.

NLRP3 gene is associated with ulcerative colitis (UC), but not Crohn's disease (CD), in Chinese Han population.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether NLRP3 is associated with IBD in Chinese Han population. METHODS: Three SNPs were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers in 288 patients [232 Crohn's disease (CD) patients, 56 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients] and 274 controls. RESULTS: In IBD group, the results showed no significant association. When subdivided to CD and UC, it showed in CD subgroup, there was no significant association. However, in UC subgroup, rs10754558 (P allele=0.015272, P genotype=0.029776, OR [95% CI]=0.604190[0.401200-0.909886]) and rs10925019 (P allele=0.013042, P genotype=0.037045, OR [95% CI]=2.022613[1.149854-3.557812]) have significant associations with UC. The G and T alleles were risk factors of the susceptibility of UC, the GG and TT genotypes may increase risk of this disease. Rs4925648 has no association with UC. The haplotypes analysis results showed as follow: for rs4925648-rs10925019, CC and TT are risk factors for UC (for CC, χ2=3.605, P=0.057613, OR [95% CI]=1.645 [0.980-2.761], for TT, χ2=5.522, P=0.018804, OR [95% CI]=0.426[0.205-0.884]), and for rs10754558-rs10925019, CT and GC haplotypes are risk factors for UC (for CT, χ2=3.545, P=0.059739, OR [95% CI]=0.571[0.317-1.029], for GC, χ2=9.359, P=0.002228, OR [95% CI]=1.904 [1.255-2.887]). CONCLUSIONS: We first demonstrated that rs10754558 and rs10925019 are significantly associated with the susceptibility of UC, but not CD in Chinese Han population, suggesting that NLRP3 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of UC.

Immunogenicity of oral vaccination with Lactococcus lactis derived vaccine candidate antigen (UreB) of Helicobacter pylori fused with the human interleukin 2 as adjuvant.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains a significant global public health problem. Vaccine, especially edible vaccine, is considered to be effective in the management of H. pylori infections. By using recombinant technology, Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) could serve as an antigen-delivering vehicle for the development of edible vaccine. The aim of this study was to produce edible UreB (urease B) vaccine derived from L. lactis against H. pylori. The UreB subunit is the most effective and common immunogen of all strains of H. pylori. The UreB was produced as a chimeric protein fused with IL-2 (human interleukin 2) as the mucosal adjuvant. Mucosal immunization of mice with recombinant L. lactis NZ9000 containing the UreB-IL-2 protein elicited more anti-UreB antibody that specifically bounded to the purified bacterial UreB protein and more cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17, and had a lower H. pylori burden and urease activity than control mice. These results suggest that the recombinant L. lactis expressing UreB-IL-2 can be potentially used as an edible vaccine for controlling H. pylori infection.

RA-inducible gene-I induction augments STAT1 activation to inhibit leukemia cell proliferation.

RA-inducible gene I (RIG-I/DDX58) has been shown to activate IFN-ß promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1) on recognizing cytoplasmic viral RNAs. It is unclear how RIG-I functions within the IFN and/or RA signaling process in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, however, where obvious RIG-I induction is observed. Here, we show that the RIG-I induction functionally contributes to IFN-α plus RA-triggered growth inhibition of AML cells. Interestingly, although RIG-I induction itself is under the regulation of STAT1, a major IFN intracellular signal mediator, under circumstances in which it does not stimulate IPS-1, it conversely augments STAT1 activation to induce IFN-stimulatory gene expression and inhibit leukemia cell proliferation. Thus, our results unveil a previously undescribed RIG-I activity in regulating the cellular proliferation of leukemia cells via STAT1, which is independent of its classic role of sensing viral invasion to trigger type I IFN transcription.

Significant study of population stratification, sensitivity analysis and trim and fill analyses on GBA mutation and Parkinson's disease.

This comprehensive meta-analysis was applied to case-control studies of the association between PD and GBA to assess the joint evidence for the association, the influence of individual studies, and evidence for publication bias. We searched PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, reference lists of relevant studies to June 2012, and email contact with authors. For the case-control studies, the authors found 1) support for the association between PD and GBA, both in total group analysis [fixed: OR and 95%CI: 4.825 (3.901-5.968), P < 0.001; random: OR and 95%CI: 4.791 (3.520-6.520), P < 0.001] and in Asia, Europe, Americas, and Israel subgroups analysis [Asia: fixed: OR and 95%CI: 7.495 (4.490-12.511), P < 0.001, random: OR and 95%CI: 7.989 (4.060-15.723), P < 0.001; Americas: fixed: OR and 95%CI: 4.036 (2.460-6.622), P < 0.001, random: OR and 95%CI: 4.065 (2.464-6.707), P < 0.001; Europe: fixed: OR and 95%CI: 3.353 (2.287-4.917), P < 0.001, random: OR and 95%CI: 3.559 (2.148-5.894), P < 0.001; Israel: fixed/random: OR and 95%CI: 6.430 (4.430-9.333), P < 0.001], 2) no evidence that this association was accounted for by any one study, and 3) no evidence for publication bias. In conclusion, GBA mutation status may be significantly associated with PD.

COVID-19-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Relation With Social Media Addiction Among University Students: Mediating Role of Fear of Missing Out.

OBJECTIVE: Traumatic experiences and stressful life events have crippling outcomes on individuals' psychiatric disorders and are also frequently comorbid with addictive behaviors. This study aims to propose a mediation model to examine the association between coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social media addiction (SMA) among university students, and the mediating role of fear of missing out (FoMO). METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 856 university students (mean age 19.2 years; 67.9% female) was conducted in China. The COVID-19-related PTSD scale, the FoMO scale, and the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale were used, in addition to an online questionnaire addressing participants' sociodemographic information. Descriptive statistics and correlations were conducted with SPSS 21.0. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS 21.0 was performed to assess the hypothesized mediation mode. The bootstrap with the 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed to test the significance of the mediating effect. RESULTS: SEM demonstrated that COVID-19-related PTSD symptoms significantly and negatively influenced SMA (ß=0.247, p<0.001), FoMO significantly and positively affected university students' SMA (ß=0.341, p<0.001), and FoMO partially mediated the association between COVID-19-related PTSD symptoms and SMA. The mediation effect of FoMO was 0.176, with bootstrapping 95% CI=0.123, 0.235. CONCLUSION: The main effects of COVID-19-related PTSD symptoms and FoMO on SMA among university students were identified, providing intervention strategies for mental health professionals on how to reduce the risk of SMA when confronting future traumatic events and public health crises.

[Hydrochemical Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Groundwater in the Western Region of Hepu Basin, Beihai City].

Beihai City is a typical coastal city where groundwater provides a strong support for social and economic development. Studies on the hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism in Beihai City play an important role in the scientific management of water resources and coastal ecological environment protection. In this study, we revealed the main hydrogeochemical processes controlling groundwater quality by means of groundwater survey and water sample collection in the western region of Hepu Basin, Beihai City, combined with hydrochemistry and isotope theories and methods. The results showed that groundwater had the remarkable features of low pH value and low mineralization degree. For pore water, hydrochemistry type by primarily NO3 type water and concentrations of Na+ and Cl- were modestly increased along the flow path. Ca-HCO3, Ca-Cl·HCO3, Ca·Na-HCO3, and Na-Cl·HCO3 types were predominant in fissure water. The groundwater was of meteoric origin, hydrogeochemical evolutions were mainly affected by water-rock interactions, cation exchange, and anthropogenic activities. Na+, K+, and Cl- were mainly derived from evaporite and silicate rocks; Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, and SO42- were from carbonatite and evaporite; and NO3- principally arose from anthropogenic activities. This study suggests that the groundwater pollution prevention and control should be carried out as soon as possible in the area where the NO3 type water occurs to avoid the further deterioration of water quality.

A comprehensive study indicates PRSS1 gene is significantly associated with pancreatitis.

This comprehensive meta-analysis was applied to case-control studies of the association between pancreatitis and PRSS1 gene to assess the joint evidence for the association, the influence of individual studies, and evidence for publication bias. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched in order to identify longitudinal studies evaluating pancreatitis disease and PRSS1 gene. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using a random-effects model. For the case-control studies, the authors found 1) support for the association between total pancreatitis and PRSS1 gene, both totally analyzed and subdivided analyzed {total: [OR:10.799, 95%CI:(5.489-21.242), p<0.000]; Europe: [OR:9.795, 95%CI:(2.923-32.819), p<0.000]; Asia: [OR:11.994, 95%CI:(5.156-27.898), p<0.000]}. 2) no evidence showed that this association was accounted for by any one study, and 3) no evidence showed any publication bias exist. In conclusion, PRSS1 gene was significantly associated with total pancreatitis disease, both totally and separately.

Smartphone Addiction Among University Students' During the Post-COVID-19 Era: The Role of Emotional Intelligence and Future Anxiety.

OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related psychological symptoms can lead to smartphone addiction (SPA) risk and other behavioral disorders, thus impacting individuals' mental health and well-being. The present study aims to propose a mediation model to investigate the association between emotional intelligence (EI) and SPA, and the mediating role of future anxiety (FA) during the post-COVID-19 era. METHODS: An online questionnaire including the Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Dark Future Scale, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale among university students from China, was conducted between September 14 and November 22, 2022. Finally, 1,154 valid questionnaires were collected. The reliability and confirmatory factor analysis results showed that all three scales had good reliability and validity. RESULTS: Structural Equation Model demonstrated that EI significantly and negatively influenced SPA (ß=0.211, p<0.001), university students' FA significantly and positively effected SPA (ß=0.315, p<0.001), EI significantly predicted SPA in university students, and FA partially mediated the association between EI and SPA. The mediation effect of FA was 0.110, which accounted for 34.27% of the total effect. Bootstrap results furthermore tested the rigor of the mediating effect. CONCLUSION: These findings broaden our understanding regarding the relationship between EI and SPA and the mediating role of FA, providing new sights for educators on how to reduce the risk of SPA when confronting the ongoing and possible future pandemics.