ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and osteoporosis are two major health care problems worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that DM poses a risk for osteoporosis and can contribute to the development of diabetes-induced osteoporosis (DOP). Interestingly, some epidemiological studies suggest that DOP may be at least partially distinct from those skeletal abnormalities associated with old age or postmenopausal osteoporosis. The increasing number of DM patients who also have DOP calls for a discussion of the pathogenesis of DOP and the investigation of drugs to treat DOP. Recently, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have received more attention due to their significant role in cellular functions and bone formation. It is worth noting that ncRNAs have also been demonstrated to participate in the progression of DOP. Meanwhile, nano-delivery systems are considered a promising strategy to treat DOP because of their cellular targeting, sustained release, and controlled release characteristics. Additionally, the utilization of novel technologies such as the CRISPR system has expanded the scope of available options for treating DOP. Hence, this paper explores the functions and regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs in DOP and highlights the advantages of employing nanoparticle-based drug delivery techniques to treat DOP. Finally, this paper also explores the potential of ncRNAs as diagnostic DOP biomarkers.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , MicroRNAs , Osteoporosis , RNA, Long Noncoding , Humans , RNA, Untranslated/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/genetics , Osteoporosis/etiology , Osteoporosis/geneticsSubject(s)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery , Coloring Agents/metabolism , Hepatectomy/adverse effects , Indocyanine Green/metabolism , Liver Neoplasms/surgery , Liver/pathology , Adult , Aged , Bilirubin/blood , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/physiopathology , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/physiopathology , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/surgery , Hepatectomy/methods , Humans , Liver/physiopathology , Liver/surgery , Liver Neoplasms/physiopathology , Middle Aged , Organ Size , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Period , Preoperative Period , Survival Rate , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the hybrid effects of ZrO2 nanoparticles (nano-ZrO2) and aluminum borate whiskers (ABWs) on flexural strength and surface hardness of denture base resin, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Both nano-ZrO2 and ABWs were modified by silane coupling agent (Z6030) before being mixed with PMMA. Various amounts of silanized nano-ZrO2 and ABWs were mixed with PMMA to prepare ZrO2-ABW/PMMA composites. Flexural strength and surface hardness were evaluated using three- point bending test and Vickers hardness test respectively. Fractured surfaces were also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical behaviors of silanized ZrO2-ABW/PMMA composites were significantly improved. Flexural strength reached a maximum value of 108.01 ± 5.54 MPa when 2 wt% of nano-ZrO2 was mixed with ABWs at a ZrO2/ABW ratio of 1:2, amounting to an increase of 52% when compared with pure PMMA. Surface hardness achieved a maximum value of 22.50 ± 0.86 MPa when 3 wt% of nano-ZrO2 was mixed with ABWs at the same ZrO2/ABW ratio, which was an increase of 27% when compared with pure PMMA.
Subject(s)
Aluminum/chemistry , Borates/chemistry , Denture Bases , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Polymethyl Methacrylate/chemistry , Zirconium/chemistry , Hardness , Materials Testing , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Pliability , Silanes/chemistry , Stress, Mechanical , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study the effect of polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA's) mechanical properties reinforced by nano ZrO(2) particles with different filling amounts. METHODS: The nano ZrO(2) particles were surface-treated by silane coupling agent(Z-6030) in 1.5wt% ratio, the untreated particles were regarded as the control group. The modified nano ZrO(2) particles were mixed with the PMMA powders in proportion of 0.5%,1%,1.5%,2%,2.5%,3% and 3.5%, respectively.Then the nano ZrO(2) /PMMA composites were synthesized. The specimens were examined by Vickers hardness test and three-point bending test, the surface of fracture was observed by SEM.All data were analyzed with ANOVA test by SAS 6.12 software package. RESULTS: Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the silane coupling agent linked to the nano ZrO(2) particles' surface after treating,the Vickers hardness was highest when the adding amount of nano ZrO(2) particles was 1.5% and 2%(P<0.05).The flexural strength of nano ZrO(2)/PMMA composites in the proportion of 1.5% was the highest(P<0.05). SEM indicated that the ductile fracture existed on the surface of fracture. CONCLUSIONS: The silane coupling agent can enhance the bonding strength of nano ZrO(2) particles and the PMMA matrix, the PMMA's mechanical properties could be improved by adding the nano ZrO(2) particle in an appropriate proportion. 1.5% and 2% of nano ZrO(2) particles render the nanocomposite the maximal Vickers hardness, while 1.5% ZrO(2) nanoparticles render the nanocomposite the maximal flexural strength.