Risk factors for anastomotic leak and postoperative morbidity after right hemicolectomy for colon cancer: results from a prospective, multi-centre, snapshot study in China.

BACKGROUND: Right hemicolectomy is the standard treatment for right-sided colon cancer. There is variation in the technical aspects of performing right hemicolectomy as well as in short-term outcomes. It is therefore necessary to explore best clinical practice following right hemicolectomy in expert centres. METHODS: This snapshot study of right hemicolectomy for colon cancer in China was a prospective, multicentre cohort study in which 52 tertiary hospitals participated. Eligible patients with stage I-III right-sided colon cancer who underwent elective right hemicolectomy were consecutively enrolled in all centres over 10 months. The primary endpoint was the incidence of postoperative 30-day anastomotic leak. RESULTS: Of the 1854 patients, 89.9 per cent underwent laparoscopic surgery and 52.3 per cent underwent D3 lymph node dissection. The overall 30-day morbidity and mortality were 11.7 and 0.2 per cent, respectively. The 30-day anastomotic leak rate was 1.4 per cent. In multivariate analysis, ASA grade > II (P < 0.001), intraoperative blood loss > 50 ml (P = 0.044) and D3 lymph node dissection (P = 0.008) were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative morbidity. Extracorporeal side-to-side anastomosis (P = 0.031), intraoperative blood loss > 50 ml (P = 0.004) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.004) were identified as independent risk factors for anastomotic leak. CONCLUSION: In high-volume expert centres in China, laparoscopic resection with D3 lymph node dissection was performed in most patients with right-sided colon cancer, and overall postoperative morbidity and mortality was low. Further studies are needed to explore the optimal technique for right hemicolectomy in order to improve outcomes further.

Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Chinese version of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire-short in patients with cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and measurement invariance (MI) of the Chinese version of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire-short (CERQ-short) in cancer patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 505 cancer patients from mainland China. In addition to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the CERQ-short and the distress thermometer were included in the study measures. RESULTS: Item analysis indicated a promising result. And the results of CFA indicated that the CERQ-short demonstrated satisfactory factorial validity in cancer patients. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were between 0.663 and 0.910, while McDonald's omega coefficients were between 0.664 and 0.910. The CERQ-short had sufficient convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity among cancer patients. Lastly, MI supported that the CERQ-short demonstrated strong measurement equivalence across gender, residence and age. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the Chinese version of the CERQ-short has convincing psychometric properties and MI, which supports its use in cancer patients.

The association between dietary vitamin B1 intake and constipation: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Numerous researches have indicated a correlation between the intake of dietary micronutrients and the occurrence of constipation. Nevertheless, the correlation between constipation and vitamin B1 remains uninvestigated. The main aim of this research was to examine the association between chronic constipation and the consumption of vitamin B1 in the diet among adult participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS: This study used data from the NHANES, a survey on health and nutrition conducted between 2005 and 2010. The respondents' dietary information was gathered by utilizing the 24-hour dietary records. Various statistical analyses, such as multiple logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and curve-fitting analysis, were employed to investigate the correlation between dietary intake of vitamin B1 and chronic constipation. RESULTS: In the trial, there were 10,371 participants, out of which 1,123 individuals (10.8%) were identified as having chronic constipation. Fully adjusted multiple logistic regression analyses showed that increasing dietary intake of vitamin B1 (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77-0.99) was significantly associated with a reduced risk of constipation. Following adjustment for multiple variables in Model 3, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the third tertile, in comparison to the first tertile (reference group), was 0.80 (0.65, 0.99). In addition, subgroup analyses and interaction tests showed a significant inverse association between vitamin B1 intake and the prevalence of constipation, especially among men, non-hypertensive, and non-diabetic individuals (all P-values less than 0.05). CONCLUSION: This research uncovered an inverse correlation between the consumption of vitamin B1 in the diet and the occurrence of chronic constipation. One potential explanation for this phenomenon is that the consumption of vitamin B1 in one's diet is linked to the softening of stools and an augmented occurrence of colonic peristalsis. Additional extensive prospective research is required to thoroughly examine the significance of thiamine in long-term constipation.

Diffusion Monte Carlo method for barrier heights of multiple proton exchanges and complexation energies in small water, ammonia, and hydrogen fluoride clusters.

Proton exchange reactions are of key importance in many processes in water. However, it is nontrivial to achieve reliable barrier heights for multiple proton exchanges and complexation energies in hydrogen-bonded systems theoretically. Performance of the fixed-node diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (FN-DMC) with the single-Slater-Jastrow trial wavefunction on total energies, barrier heights of multiple proton exchanges, and complexation energies of small water, ammonia, and hydrogen fluoride clusters is investigated in this study. Effects of basis sets and those of locality approximation (LA), T-move approximation (T-move), and determinant localization approximation (DLA) schemes in dealing with the nonlocal part of pseudopotentials on FN-DMC results are evaluated. According to our results, diffuse basis functions are important in achieving reliable barrier heights and complexation energies with FN-DMC, although the cardinal number of the basis set is more important than diffuse basis functions on total energies of these systems. Our results also show that the time step bias with DLA and LA is smaller than T-move; however, the time step bias of DMC energies with respect to time steps using the T-move is roughly linear up to 0.06 a.u., while this is not the case with LA and DLA. Barrier heights and complexation energies with FN-DMC using these three schemes are always within chemical accuracy. Taking into account the fact that T-move and DLA are typically more stable than LA, FN-DMC calculations with the T-move or DLA scheme and basis sets containing diffuse basis functions are suggested for barrier heights of multiple proton exchanges and complexation energies of hydrogen-bonded clusters.

Optimal design of a gravitational wave telescope system for the suppression of stray light.

For gravitational wave detection, the telescope is required to have an ultra-low wavefront error and ultra-high signal-to-noise ratio, where the power of the stray light should be controlled on the order of less than 10-10. In this work, we propose an alternative stray light suppression method for the optical design of an off-axis telescope with four mirrors by carefully considering the optimal optical paths. The method includes three steps. First, in the period of the optical design, the stray light caused by the tertiary mirror and the quaternary mirror is suppressed by increasing the angle formed by the optical axes of the tertiary mirror and the quaternary mirror and reducing the radius of curvature of the quaternary mirror as much as possible to make sure the optical system provides a beam quality with a wavefront error less than λ/80. Next, the stray light could satisfy the requirement of the order of 10-10 when the level of roughness reaches 0.2 nm, and the pollution of mirrors is controlled at the level of CL100. Finally, traditional stray light suppression methods should also be applied to mechanics, including the use of the optical barrier, baffle tube, and black paint. It can be seen that the field stop can efficiently reduce stray light caused by the secondary mirror by more than 55% in the full field of view. The baffle tube mounted on the position of the exit pupil can reduce the overall stray light energy by 5%, and the difference between the ideal absorber (absorption coefficient is 100%) and the actual black paint (absorption coefficient is 90%) is 3.2%. These simulation results are confirmed by the Monte Carlo method for a stray light analysis. Based on the above results, one can conclude that the geometry structure of the optical design, the quality of mirrors, and the light barrier can greatly improve the stray light suppression ability of the optical system, which is vital when developing a gravitational wave telescope with ultra-low stray light energy.

The effectiveness of positive psychological interventions for patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of positive psychological interventions on quality of life, positive psychological outcomes and negative psychological outcomes in patients with cancer. BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer often suffer from various psychological problems and have a poor quality of life. Positive psychological interventions have been increasingly applied to patients with cancer, but the results of these studies have not been synthesized. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials according to PRISMA. METHODS: Six English databases and four Chinese databases were searched from the inception to December 2022. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. RevMan was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-nine randomized controlled trials examined the effects of positive psychological interventions including meaning therapy, dignity therapy, positive psychotherapy, mindfulness- based intervention, life review, expressive writing intervention, acceptance and commitment psychotherapy, attention and interpretation therapy, compassion training and spiritual therapy on patients with cancer. Positive psychological interventions significantly improved the quality of life, enhanced positive psychological outcomes including well-being, meaning of life, self-esteem, optimism, resilience and self-efficacy and alleviated negative psychological outcomes including depression, anxiety and hopelessness. However, the heterogeneity of some outcomes was rather high, due to the wide diversity of the interventions included. CONCLUSION: Positive psychological interventions have potentially positive effects on improving quality of life, enhancing positive psychological outcomes and alleviating negative psychological outcomes in patients with cancer. However, due to the heterogeneity and the lack of follow-up studies, more high-quality studies are needed to confirm the results of our review and to clarify the long-term effects of positive psychological interventions. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: As feasible psychological interventions, healthcare professionals can consider applying appropriate positive psychological interventions according to the condition of cancer patients. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

A high-sensitivity single-light-source triaxial atomic magnetometer with double-cell and orthogonally pumped structure.

We first report a single-light-source orthogonally pumped triaxial atomic magnetometer with a double-cell structure. By using a beam splitter to equally allocate the pump beam, the proposed triaxial atomic magnetometer is responsive to magnetic fields in all three directions, and without sacrificing system sensitivity. The experimental results indicate that, the magnetometer achieves a sensitivity of 22 fT/Hz1/2 in x-direction with a 3-dB bandwidth of 22 Hz, a sensitivity of 23 fT/Hz1/2 in y-direction with a 3-dB bandwidth of 23 Hz, and a sensitivity of 21 fT/Hz1/2 in z-direction with a 3-dB bandwidth of 25 Hz. This magnetometer is useful for the applications that require the measurements of the three components of the magnetic field.

Role of renal tubular programed cell death in diabetic kidney disease.

The pathogenic mechanism of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is involved in various functions; however, its inadequate characterisation limits the availability of effective treatments. Tubular damage is closely correlated with renal function and is thought to be the main contributor to the injury observed in early DKD. Programed cell death (PCD) occurs during the biological development of the living body. Accumulating evidence has clarified the fundamental role of abnormalities in tubular PCD during DKD pathogenesis. Among PCD types, classical apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and pyroptosis are the most studied and will be the focus of this review. Our review aims to elucidate the current knowledge of the mechanism of DKD and the potential therapeutic potential of drugs targeting tubular PCD pathways in DKD.

Diffusion quantum Monte Carlo study on magnesium clusters as large as nanoparticles.

Nanoscale magnesium clusters are important potential hydrogen storage materials, and density functional theory (DFT) is mainly used for their theoretical investigation. The results of the coupled-cluster theory at the singles and doubles level with a perturbative treatment of triples [CCSD(T)] were employed previously to choose proper exchange-correlation (XC) functionals in DFT calculations for magnesium clusters, but it is too expensive to be applied to Mgn with n > 7. The diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) method is employed in this work to study magnesium clusters up to nanosize. The error of atomization energies with DMC using single-determinant-Jastrow (SDJ) trial wavefunctions has been shown to be somewhat larger than that of CCSD(T) for many molecules. However, cohesive energies with DMC using SDJ for Mgn with n ≤ 7 are in excellent agreement with those of CCSD(T) using the aug-cc-pVQZ basis set, with a difference of less than 1 kcal/mol. DMC results are employed to investigate the performance of different XC functionals on magnesium clusters. Our results indicate that the PBE0 functional is the best XC functional for determining the lowest-energy isomer when compared with DMC results, while the RPBE functional is the best XC functional for calculating cohesive energies per atom of these magnesium clusters with a mean absolute error of 0.5 kcal/mol. These XC functionals are expected to provide reasonable results for even larger magnesium clusters.

Deep Learning Based Feature Selection and Ensemble Learning for Sintering State Recognition.

Sintering is a commonly used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace. The quality of sinter significantly impacts the blast furnace ironmaking process. In the vast majority of sintering plants, the judgment of sintering quality still relies on the intuitive observation of the cross section at sintering machine tail by operators, which is susceptible to the external environment and the experience of operators. In this paper, we propose a new sintering state recognition method using deep learning based feature selection and ensemble learning. First, features from the infrared thermal images of sinter cross section at the tail of the sinterer are extracted based on ResNeXt. Then, to eliminate the irrelevant, redundant and noisy features, an efficient feature selection method based on binary state transition algorithm (BSTA) is proposed to find the truly useful features. Subsequently, an ensemble learning (EL) method based on group decision making (GDM) is proposed to recognize the sintering states. Novel combination strategies considering the varying performance of the base learners are designed to further improve recognition accuracy. Industrial experiments conducted at a steel plant verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.

Analysis and Suppression of Nonlinear Error of Pendulous Integrating Gyroscopic Accelerometer at Instrument Level.

The error coefficients of the pendulous integrating gyroscopic accelerometer (PIGA) mainly include the bias, scale factor, and nonlinear error. Previous works have fully studied and suppressed the bias and scale factor of PIGAs. At present, the nonlinear error is the most critical factor restricting the measurement accuracy of PIGAs. To address this barrier, a study on the analysis and suppression of the nonlinear error of PIGAs at the instrument level was carried out. Firstly, the error model of a PIGA is established by kinematics and dynamics analyses. Then, nonlinear error is analyzed based on the established model. Finally, a suppression method for the nonlinear error is proposed based on the analysis results. The nonlinear error analysis found that (1) the nonlinear error includes a quadratic term error caused by unequal inertia and the inertia product, cross-coupling error is caused by lateral accelerations, and error is caused by unequal stiffness; (2) unequal inertia and the inertia product were the most critical factors resulting in nonlinear error. Based on the results in the nonlinear error analysis, the suppression method for error focuses on unequal inertia and the inertia product. The proposed method of analysis and suppression was validated experimentally as the quadratic term coefficient was reduced by an order of magnitude from 1.9 × 10-6/g0 to 1.91 × 10-7/g0.

Precise Measurement and Compensation of the Micro Product of Inertia for Float Assembly in Pendulous Integrating Gyroscopic Accelerometers.

Nonlinear error has become the most critical factor restricting the measurement accuracy of pendulous integrating gyroscopic accelerometers (PIGA) during their improvement. The key to nonlinear error suppression for PIGA is the precise measurement and compensation of the micro product of inertia (MPOI) of the float assembly. However, the existing equipment and procedure for product of inertia (POI) measurement and compensation do not meet the accuracy requirements for MPOI. To solve this problem, novel equipment and procedures are proposed for the measurement and compensation of MPOI. The principle of the proposed measurement method is to simulate the error produced by MPOI in PIGA by using a single-axis turntable to rotate the float assembly along the eccentric axis to generate a centrifugal moment due to MPOI. The principle of the proposed compensation method is to remove the asymmetric mass to reduce the MPOI to zero. Through experimental validation, it is concluded that: (1) the measurement and compensation accuracy of the proposed method are better than 1 × 10-10 kg·m2 and 3 × 10-10 kg·m2, respectively; (2) the proposed method is validated as the MPOI is reduced from 7.3 × 10-9 kg·m2 to 3 × 10-10 kg·m2 for a real float assembly in PIGA, and the quadratic error of PIGA is reduced from 10-5/g0 to 3 × 10-7/g0.

Spermidine protects against acute kidney injury by modulating macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitochondrial respiration in an eIF5A hypusination-related pathway.

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is still a critical problem in clinical practice, with a heavy burden for national health system around the world. It is notable that sepsis is the predominant cause of AKI for patients in the intensive care unit and the mortality remains considerably high. The treatment for AKI relies on supportive therapies and almost no specific treatment is currently available. Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine with pleiotropic effects. However, the renoprotective effect of spermidine and the underlying mechanism remain elusive. METHODS: We employed mice sepsis-induced AKI model and explored the potential renoprotective effect of spermidine in vivo with different administration time and routes. Macrophage depleting was utilized to probe the role of macrophage. In vitro experiments were conducted to examine the effect of spermidine on macrophage cytokine secretion, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitochondrial respiration. RESULTS: We confirmed that spermidine improves AKI with different administration time and routes and that macrophages serves as an essential mediator in this protective effect. Meanwhile, spermidine downregulates NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and IL-1 beta production in macrophages directly. Mechanically, spermidine enhances mitochondrial respiration capacity and maintains mitochondria function which contribute to the NLRP3 inhibition. Importantly, we showed that eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) hypusination plays an important role in regulating macrophage bioactivity. CONCLUSIONS: Spermidine administration practically protects against sepsis-induced AKI in mice and macrophages serve as an essential mediator in this protective effect. Our study identifies spermidine as a promising pharmacologic approach to prevent AKI.

Activation of WNT/CTNNB1/TCF7L2 in Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric cancer regulates epithelial mesenchymal transition.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most frequently diagnosed malignant tumour and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. EBV infection is one of the major causes of GC, accounting for approximately 10% of GC cases. Studies revealed that EBV infection could induce malignancy through multilevel mechanisms, including epigenetics state alterations, miRNA regulations, etc. However, it is poorly understood if EBV positive GC has any characteristic oncogenic singling activation. By comparing the transcriptomic of EB positive and negative cell lines, TCGA GC samples, and GC single cells, we identified that canonical WNT signalling is commonly activated in EBV positive GC. Next, we proved that the WNT activation is crucial for the invasiveness of the GC via regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene expressions. Then we confirmed that the WNT signalling activation in EBV + GC is through the WNT/CTNNB1 (ß-catenin)/TCF7L2 axis with the expression of TCF7L2 indicating worse outcome and more metastasis in EBV+ GCs. Finally, we found that KLF5 is potentially involved as a cooperative transcription factor in the early phase of the EMT process through single-cell pseudotime analysis.

Comprehensive Analysis on the Specific Role and Function of Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Protein MPV17 in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is the predominant type of liver cancer, and its treatment still faces great challenges presently. Mitochondrial inner membrane protein MPV17 is reported to be involved in multiple biological activities of cancers. Here, we seek to investigate the specific role and functions of MPV17 in LIHC progression. Methods: Firstly, MPV17 expressions in various tumors and corresponding normal samples and LIHC groups with various clinical features were analyzed, respectively. Next, the relationship between MPV17 expression and LIHC survival was analyzed and verified by AUC curves. Besides, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for LIHC were screened from TCGA and then analyzed by GO and KEGG. Then, MPV17 was analyzed by prognostic model, Cox analysis, predictive nomogram, pathway correlation, and immunoassay. Finally, the functions of MPV17 were determined by CCK-8 and Tranwell assays. Results: In most tumors, MPV17 expression was higher than that in the normal group, and it was related to LIHC clinical features. In the LIHC survival analysis, highly expressed MPV17 was associated with a poor prognosis. Besides, 314 upregulated and 193 downregulated DEGs are mainly involved in the TNF signaling pathway and tyrosine metabolism. Through prognostic model, Cox analysis, and predictive nomogram, MPV17 had the prognostic value for LIHC. Gene-pathway correlation analysis showed that MPV17 had the strongest correlation with the G2M_checkpoint pathway. In an immunoassay, MPV17 had a strong correlation with many immune cells. Functional assays showed that MPV17 reduction in LIHC cells could inhibit cell invasion, migration, and proliferation. Conclusion: MPV17, as a tumor promoter, could be a new biomarker for LIHC diagnosis and prognosis and probably shed new light on the exploration of LIHC therapies.

Role of Delta/Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor in gastric cancer patients and cells and its clinical significance.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common digestive system malignancy. The aim of this study was to explore the role of Delta/Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor (DNER) in GC patients and cells. Gene expression omnibus data base public databases were used to analyze the DNER expression in GC patient. A total of 30 cases of GC and adjacent tissue samples were retrospectively obtained to analyze the DNER expression. MTT assay was conducted to measure the cell viability. The apoptosis rate of GC cells was determined by flow cytometry. The migration and invasion were detected by transwell assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot were performed to measure the DNER expression. Bioinformatics tools exhibited that DNER expression is significantly upregulated in the GC, which was also found in GC tissues and cells. The high levels of DNER were closely related the tumor size, sex and lymph node metastasis. Additionally, the survival rate of patients with high DNER expression is decreased. Furthermore, knockdown of DNER inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion, and induces the apoptosis rate of the GC cells. DNER was upregulated in GC and knockdown of DNER inhibits the growth and metastasis of DNER. DNER may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of GC patients.

Barrier heights, reaction energies and bond dissociation energies for RH + HO2 reactions with coupled-cluster theory, density functional theory and diffusion quantum Monte Carlo methods.

Hydrogen abstraction reactions by the HO2 radical from hydrocarbon molecules are an important class of reactions in the autoignition of hydrocarbon fuels. Performance of DLPNO-CC and DFT methods using three hybrids and four double hybrids as well as FN-DMC with the single-Slater-Jastrow trial wavefunction on barrier heights and reaction energies of RH + HO2 reactions as well as bond dissociation energies of the involved X-H molecules is evaluated by comparison with the highly accurate CCSD(T)-F12b/CBS results in this study. Our results show that the DLPNO-CCSD(T)-F12 method can achieve highly accurate barrier heights, reaction energies and X-H bond energies for RH + HO2 reactions at a relatively low computational cost, and it is applicable to the H-abstraction reactions of larger molecules. Among all DFAs, MN15 and the employed double hybrids can achieve accurate barrier heights and reaction energies with MADs of less than or around 2 kJ mol-1, but their error on X-H bond energies is more pronounced. Only DSD-BLYP and DSD-PBEB95 can provide X-H bond energies with MADs less than 4 kJ mol-1. Considering dispersion correction in DFT calculations does not improve these barrier heights and reaction energies. The error of FN-DMC on barrier heights and reaction energies is slightly larger than that of MN15 and those of double hybrids, but it can achieve results within chemical accuracy for these reactions and the X-H bond energies.

An Improved Online Self-Calibration Method Utilizing Angular Velocity Observation for Ultra High Accuracy PIGA-Based IMU.

In the field of ultra high accuracy inertial measurement unit (IMU), pendulous integrating gyroscopic accelerometer (PIGA) has become a research hot spot due to its high-end performance. However, PIGA is sensitive to angular velocity, and the calibration process of PIGA-based IMU will be very complicated, which makes online self-calibration difficult to implement. To solve the above problems, we proposed an online self-calibration method utilizing angular velocity observation. The main contributions of this study are twofold: (1) An error analysis of PIGA is conducted in this paper, and the error model has also been simplified to suit the self-calibration model. (2) An improved online self-calibration method utilizing angular observation based on a simplified PIGA error model is proposed in this study. Experimental results show that the self-calibration method proposed in this study can improve the PIGA online calibration accuracy effectively (with the accuracy within 0.02 m/s/pulse), which can improve the dynamic accuracy of the PIGA.

Optimal sensor placement method for wastewater treatment plants based on discrete multi-objective state transition algorithm.

Parameters monitoring is essential to maintain the stability and efficiency of the wastewater treatment process, which has spurred ubiquitous installation of sensors in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). As the rich process data of WWTPs is not effectively transformed into actionable knowledge for system optimization due to improper sensor installation, the sensor placement scheme needs to be optimized. In this paper, a weighted sensor placement optimization model based on sensor cost, information richness and reliability is established to transform the sensor optimization problem to a nonlinear mathematical programming problem. Then a discrete multi-objective state transition algorithm is proposed to find the Pareto optimal solutions. Finally, an evaluation strategy is designed to select the most suitable solution for industrial application. The results of simulation experiments on three different WWTPs demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed method, increasing the degree of variable observability and measurement redundancy while keeping the sensor cost at a low level.

H19 promotes aerobic glycolysis, proliferation, and immune escape of gastric cancer cells through the microRNA-519d-3p/lactate dehydrogenase A axis.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been investigated in multiple human cancers including gastric cancer (GC). Our research aims to explore the role of H19 in aerobic glycolysis, proliferation, and immune escape of GC cells. The expression of H19 in GC samples was analyzed using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, Gene Expression Omnibus data, and real-time quantitative PCR analysis. Relative quantification of glucose consumption and lactate production from cell supernatant were applied to assess the aerobic glycolysis of GC cells. Subcellular fractionation, luciferase reporter, and western blot assays certified the binding between genes. Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays were used to determine GC cell proliferation. Flow cytometry, ELISA, and real-time quantitative PCR assays were applied to analyze the immunosuppressive effect of H19. H19 was highly expressed in samples of patients with GC, and associated with tumor growth in vivo. H19 knockdown suppressed glucose consumption, lactate production, and proliferation of GC cells by regulating the microRNA (miR)-519d-3p/lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) axis. Both miR-519d-3p depletion and LDHA overexpression could reverse the H19 knockdown-induced decrease in aerobic glycolysis and proliferation. Moreover, conditioned medium from stable knockdown H19 GC cells modulated the activity of immune cells including γδT cells, Jurkat cells, and tumor-associated macrophages in a miR-519d-3p/LDHA/lactate axis-dependent manner. The H19/miR-519d-3p/LDHA axis mainly contributed to aerobic glycolysis, proliferation, and immune escape of GC cells.