Contact allergies to dental materials in patients.

BACKGROUND: Concerns regarding contact allergies and intolerance reactions to dental materials are widespread among patients. Development of novel dental materials and less frequent amalgam use may alter sensitization profiles in patients with possible contact allergy. OBJECTIVES: To analyse current sensitization patterns to dental materials in patients with suspected contact allergy. METHODS: This retrospective, multicentre analysis from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) selected participants from 169 834 people tested in 2005-2019 and registered with (i) an affected area of 'mouth' (and 'lips'/'perioral'), (ii) with the dental material in question belonging to one of three groups (dental filling materials, oral implants or dentures or equivalents) and (iii) with patch-testing done in parallel with the German baseline series, (dental) metal series and dental technician series. RESULTS: A total of 2730 of 169 834 tested patients met the inclusion criteria. The patients were predominantly women (81.2%) aged ≥ 40 years (92.8%). The sensitization rates with confirmed allergic contact stomatitis in women (n = 444) were highest for metals (nickel 28.6%, palladium 21.4%, amalgam 10.9%), (meth)acrylates [2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) 4.8%] and the substances propolis (6.8%) and 'balsam of Peru' (11.4%). The most relevant acrylates were HEMA, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate. Few men were diagnosed with allergic contact stomatitis (n = 68); sensitization rates in men were highest for propolis (14.9%) and amalgam (13.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Allergic contact stomatitis to dental materials is rare. Patch testing should not only focus on metals such as nickel, palladium, amalgam and gold, but also (meth)acrylates and the natural substances propolis and 'balsam of Peru'.

Unveiling denture-induced oral lesions: A comprehensive study on classification and pain assessment.

BACKGROUND: Denture-induced oral Lesions (DIOLs) often manifests shortly after the placement or adjustment of new or realigned dentures, frequently resulting in severe pain and discomfort. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to classify DIOLs placing a particular emphasis on assessing the associated pain. METHODS: A prospective case study was conducted involving 126 patients who were fitted with a total of 193 dentures of various types at the Hadassah School of Dental Medicine. All patients underwent comprehensive intra-oral examinations within 1-8 weeks following denture delivery, completed symptom questionnaires and had their medical records reviewed. Key variables documented included age, gender, overall health status, denture type, and a detailed description of the DIOLs. The description encompassed factors such as lesion location, shape, colour, size, border characteristics, ulcerative appearance, membrane coverage, 3D morphology (elevated, immersed and flat) and patient-reported Verbal Pain Score (VPS) when touching the DIOLs, when wearing the denture, and when not wearing the denture. RESULTS: Notably, 25.4% of denture wearers required no adjustments, while 14.4% necessitated more than three revisions. A majority (71.8%) of DIOLs cases were associated with mandibular complete dentures, primarily situated on the alveolar ridge. The mean VPS indicated a pain intensity of 7 ± 2.1, with temporary dentures in both jaws causing the most discomfort. Implant-supported overdentures were particularly painful when placed in the mandible. Additionally, VPS scores were higher among older individuals and those with prior prosthetic experiences. A significant correlation was observed between pain intensity and presence of chronic health condition (0.036). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed distinct characteristics of DIOLs and highlighted the multifactorial nature of pain experienced following the development of DIOLs. Insights into the influence of patient and denture characteristics on DIOLs and pain intensity can guide healthcare professionals in optimising patient comfort and satisfaction.

Causal effects of denture wearing on epigenetic age acceleration and the mediating pathways: a mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: The epigenetic-age acceleration (EAA) represents the difference between chronological age and epigenetic age, reflecting accelerated biological aging. Observational studies suggested that oral disorders may impact DNA methylation patterns and aging, but their causal relationship remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate potential causal associations between dental traits and EAA, as well as to identify possible mediators. METHODS: Using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies of predominantly European ancestry, we conducted univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the overall and independent effects of ten dental traits (dentures, bleeding gums, painful gums, loose teeth, toothache, ulcers, periodontitis, number of teeth, and two measures of caries) on four EAA subtypes (GrimAge acceleration [GrimAA], PhenoAge acceleration [PhenoAA], HannumAge acceleration [HannumAA] and intrinsic EAA [IEAA]), and used two-step Mendelian randomization to evaluate twelve potential mediators of the associations. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were used to verity the robustness, heterogeneity, and pleiotropy. RESULTS: Univariable inverse variance weighted MR analyses revealed a causal effect of dentures on greater GrimAA (ß: 2.47, 95% CI: 0.93-4.01, p = 0.002), PhenoAA (ß: 3.00, 95% CI: 1.15-4.85, p = 0.001), and HannumAA (ß: 1.96, 95% CI: 0.58-3.33, p = 0.005). In multivariable MR, the associations remained significant after adjusting for periodontitis, caries, number of teeth and bleeding gums. Three out of 12 aging risk factors were identified as mediators of the association between dentures and EAA, including body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist circumference. No evidence for reverse causality and pleiotropy were detected (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings supported the causal effects of genetic liability for denture wearing on epigenetic aging, with partial mediation by obesity. More attention should be paid to the obesity-monitoring and management for slowing EAA among denture wearers.

Clinical Analysis of Denture Impaction in the Esophagus of Adults.

Denture impacted in the esophagus of adults has been a complex foreign body for otolaryngologists. We reviewed clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of these patients and evaluated computed tomography (CT) scans to identify a better method of dealing with such tricky situations. Twenty-nine patients who underwent rigid esophagoscopy were included in this retrospective study conducted at the University hospital. The patients underwent preoperative tests and examinations, including complete blood count, blood type and coagulation, electrocardiogram, and CT. The commonest symptoms were retrosternal pain, dysphagia, and odynophagia. Duration of the foreign body impacted within 24 h was 65.5%. CT findings revealed that 4 of 24 cases had complications in the upper esophagus, with 3 of the 4 cases in the mid-esophagus and 1 in the lower esophagus. Complications were related to the duration and location of the obstruction (P < 0.05). The location and complications based on CT findings were coherent with rigid esophagoscopy findings. Denture impaction in the esophagus can be fatal. Early intervention is crucial for prognosis. CT is used for diagnosing and guiding doctors in managing. The commonest location of impacted dentures was the upper esophagus with a lower incidence of complications. The incidence of an impacted denture in the mid-esophagus was low but with a high risk of complications. The incidence of an impacted denture in the lower esophagus was rare. Surgery and proper treatment ensure a good prognosis.

Lack of association between denture trauma and loss of heterozygosity confronts the proposed pathologic role of chronic mucosal trauma in oral carcinogenesis.

Chronic mucosal trauma is suggested as an additional etiologic risk factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but there is a lack of experimental-molecular data. If chronic trauma of the oral mucosa is carcinogenic, it should be associated with early genetic alterations seen during typical progression of OSCC, like loss of heterozygosity (LOH). We investigated LOH in the key chromosomal arms 3p, 9p and 17p in inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia associated with removable dental prosthesis and also in normal oral mucosa, by using the polymorphic microsatellite markers D3S1300 at 3p14.2, D9S1748 at 9p21, D17S1289 at 17p12 and D17S974 at 17p13 and capillary electrophoresis. LOH was detected in 2/15 (13%) fibrous hyperplasia samples similarly to other reactive and inflammatory lesions. None of the normal mucosa samples presented LOH. Our experimental-molecular results do not support the hypothesis that trauma associated with dental prosthesis has an important role in oral carcinogenesis.

Cytokine gene polymorphism in denture stomatitis patients: A clinical study.

OBJECTIVE: This clinical study investigated the association between cytokine gene polymorphism and Candida growth in denture stomatitis (DS) patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Saliva and blood samples of 160 complete denture wearers (80 healthy controls and 80 with DS) were collected for mycological and gene polymorphism testing, respectively. Salivary Candida growth and TNF-α, TGF-ß, IL-6, and IL-10 genotypes were investigated. Data were analyzed using Student's t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square analysis, and continuity (yates) correction tests (p < .05). RESULTS: Candida albicans colony counts in saliva were significantly higher in the DS group and in the TNF-α GG genotype (p < .05). TGF-ß TC GG and TGF-ß CC GG haplotypes were significantly higher in DS and control groups, respectively (p < .05). C. albicans colony counts were significantly higher in control group in the TGF-ß TC GG haplotype (p < .05). Candida glabrata colony counts were significantly higher in the DS group than the control group in IL-6 GG genotype (p < .05). The difference between DS types in IL-6 genotypes was significant with lower expression level in DS type 3 than DS type 1 and also type 2 (p ≤ .01). CONCLUSION: The significant differences in some genotypes of the TNF-α, TGF-ß, and IL-6 in DS patients are promising in understanding the host defense in DS.

Influence of denture surface roughness and host factors on dental calculi formation on dentures: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Dental calculi formation on dentures can worsen the oral cavity environment by complicating oral hygiene. However, few studies have investigated the effect of how patients use and manage their dentures, denture surface roughness, and host factors such as oral cavity dryness and saliva properties on denture cleanliness and denture dental calculi formation. Accordingly, we conducted the present survey to evaluate these factors to clarify the strength of the influence of each factor. METHODS: We enrolled 53 patients who had used dentures for at least 3 months and used a dental prosthesis that covered at least the six front teeth including the left and right mandibular canines. After staining the dentures, we divided the participants into a group that was positive for dental calculi (DCP group) and a group that was negative for dental calculi (DCN group). After removing all the stains, we evaluated the surface roughness of the dentures. A questionnaire was used to survey how the participants used and managed their dentures. Oral cavity dryness was evaluated, and resting saliva samples were collected to assess saliva properties. Correlations between the presence or absence of dental calculi and denture use and management were evaluated using a chi-square test. Correlations with denture surface roughness, oral cavity dryness, and saliva properties were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Correlations between the presence or absence of dental calculi and all factors were analyzed using multivariate analysis (quantification II). RESULTS: Surface roughness was significantly greater in the DCP group (p < 0.01), and the DCP group members wore their dentures during sleep significantly more often and used a denture cleaner when storing their dentures significantly less often (both p < 0.01). No significant differences were observed for oral cavity dryness or saliva properties. The multivariate analysis showed significant correlations of dental calculi formation with denture surface roughness and items related to denture use and management, but not for oral cavity dryness or saliva properties. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that dental calculi formation is influenced by how dentures are used and managed and by denture surface roughness, but not by oral cavity dryness and saliva properties.

A Systematic Review of the Survival and Complication Rates of All-Ceramic Resin-Bonded Fixed Dental Prostheses.

PURPOSE: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the survival and complication rates of all-ceramic resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were applied. A systematic search was conducted by an electronic search in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases complemented by a manual search. Only clinical studies on all-ceramic RBFDPs with a mean follow-up period of at least 3 years qualified for data analyses. RESULTS: Among 1503 screened articles, one randomized controlled trial (RCT) and seven prospective or retrospective cohort studies were included in this study. The estimated 5-year survival rate of all-ceramic RBFDPs was 91.2%. Debonding and framework fracture were the two most frequent technical complications, and the estimated 5-year debonding rate and fracture rate were 12.2% and 4.8%, respectively. Additionally, cantilevered all-ceramic RBFDPs had a higher survival rate (p < 0.01), lower debonding rate, (p < 0.05), and fracture rate (p < 0.01) compared with two-retainer all-ceramic RBFDPs. Zirconia ceramic RBFDPs had a lower incidence of failure but a higher debonding rate compared with glass-ceramic RBFDPs (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this systematic review, although all-ceramic RBFDPs have a favorable 5-year survival rate, this rate cannot represent the complete success of the treatment, since it may include typical complications such as debonding and fractures. There is an urgent need for long-term clinical studies, especially for well-designed RCTs on all-ceramic RBFDPs.

Risk factors associated with oral and maxillofacial benign tumors: A case-control study.

This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for oral and maxillofacial benign tumors (OMFBTs). A total of 138 patients diagnosed with OMFBTs between September 2010 and September 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data including demographic characteristics, smoking and drinking status, dietary habit, oral hygiene and tumor related family history were collected and compared with 134 cases of healthy people who visited the hospital for physical examination during the same time. Logistic regression analysis was performed for multivariable regression analysis. OMFBTs was associated with smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, accumulated cigarette consumption more than 30, accumulated cigarette package consumption more than 1000, present smoking and drinking, passive smoking before 18 years old, initial smoking age more than 20 years old and alcohol consumption more than 50 g/d (P < 0.05). Consumption of meat, fish, seafood, fruits and vitamin tablets were associated with lower risk of OMFBTs. Non-conditional logistic regression analyses indicated that the independent risk factors of OMFBTs included accumulated cigarette consumption, passive smoking before the age of 18, meat-free, fish-free, fruit-free, vitamin tablets-free, frequency of tooth brushing lower than once a day, not routinely attending oral examination, wearing denture and drinking alcohol (P < 0.05). Smoking and drinking should be discouraged in dental patients. Keeping a good dietary habit and routinely attending oral examination are highly encouraged.

Dislocated Dental Prothesis Sitting at the Larynx in an Aphasic Patient: Potentially Fatal Situation.

INTRODUCTION: Foreign body in respiration tract is a life-threatening emergency and requires urgent treatment. The diagnosis and treatment requires awareness and suspicion of signs and symptoms of foreign body aspiration. CASE: A unique case of total dental prothesis aspiration of a 44-year-old aphasic patient is presented. The prothesis is completely removed from the larynx. DISCUSSION: Foreign-body aspiration is frequently suspected in children, it is rarely thought about in adults with subacute or chronic respiratory symptoms unless an evident history of an aspiration event is obtained. Facial trauma, dental procedures, central nervous system dysfunction due to stroke, mental retardation, metabolic encephalopathy, seizures, and alcoholism are precipitating factors in adults. Careful clinical history and physical examination is mandatory. Foreign bodies located in the laryngeal region are almost always treated with surgery. CONCLUSION: Loose dentures must be avoided especially in mental retarded, aphasic patients, and patients with central nervous system dysfunction.

Local, systemic, demographic, and health-related factors influencing pathogenic yeast spectrum and antifungal drug administration frequency in oral candidiasis: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: In order to identify oral candidiasis patients being at risk of carrying potentially drug-resistant Candida, the aim of the study was to detect local, systemic, demographic, and health-related factors influencing (I) yeast spectrum composition and (II) antifungal administration frequency. Additionally, the aim was to investigate (III) species shift occurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 798 patients (496 females, 302 males; mean age 59.7) with oral candidiasis diagnosed based on positive clinical and microbial findings (species identification and CFU count) between 2006 and 2011 were retrospectively analyzed using Pearson's chi(2) test and regression analysis. RESULTS: Among 958 isolates, Candida albicans was the most frequently detected (76.8 %). Also, species intrinsically resistant to azoles were frequently isolated (15.8 and 17.7 % of isolates and patients). (I) Infections only caused by C. albicans were significantly associated with the use of inhalation steroids (p = 0.001) and antibiotics (p = 0.04), super-infection of lichen planus (p = 0.002), and the absence of removable dentures (p < 0.001). (II) Anti-mycotics were significantly more frequently administered in patients using inhalation steroids (p = 0.001), suffering from asthma/COPD, or smoking heavily (p = 0.003) and if C. albicans and non-albicans species were detected together (p = 0.001). (III) Pathogen composition did not change over time within the examined period (p = 0.239). CONCLUSIONS: Different variables enhance the presence of certain Candida and the antifungal prescription frequency. No species shift was evident. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The major pathogen in oral candidiasis remains C. albicans. Nevertheless, therapeutic problems may be caused by the frequent presence of species intrinsically resistant to azoles, especially in patients wearing dentures.

A Case-control Study for the Assessment of Correlation of Denture-related Sores and Oral Cancer Risk.

INTRODUCTION: Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Although multifactorial, the exact pathogenesis of oral cancer is still unclear. Apart from tobacco chewing and smoking, chronic long-term irritation by ill-fitting denture is also said to be an important risk factor for the development of oral cancer. Literature quotes some amount of evidence that correlates long-term denture irritation as a risk factor for the development of oral cancer. Hence, we analyzed the correlation of denture-related sores as a risk factor for the development of oral cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present case-control study included 140 newly diagnosed oral cancer cases and 140 patients as the control healthy group. One-hour questionnaire was framed and was conducted to the control group and the study group by 10 experienced interviewers who were trained for such type of analysis. Assessment of the patients' socioeconomic status, cigarette smoking habit, alcohol drinking habit, and oral health status was done and compared on the two study groups. Logistic regression models along with multivariate models were used for the assessment of the results. RESULTS: In the control group and the cancer patient group, total of 140 new cancer cases and 140 subjects were included. Out of 140 patients in the cancer group, 16 were nonsmokers, while 110 smoked cigarette in the cancer patient group. As far as alcohol consumption is concerned, 42 patients in the control group and 102 patients in the oral cancer group were chronic heavy drinkers. Fried food intake was high in both the groups. Significant correlation was obtained while comparing the heavy smokers, heavy alcohol consumers, and oral health status in both the study groups. CONCLUSION: Our results favor the hypothesis that positive correlation exists between oral cancer risk and recurrent denture sores. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: People wearing denture prosthesis should be periodically visualized for identification of any mucosal alteration or changes at the earliest.

Cyclic mechanical pressure-loading alters epithelial homeostasis in a three-dimensional in vitro oral mucosa model: clinical implications for denture-wearers.

Denture-wearing affects the quality and quantity of epithelial cells in the underlying healthy oral mucosa. The physiologic mechanisms, however, are poorly understood. This study aimed to compare histologic changes and cellular responses of an epithelial cell layer to cyclic mechanical pressure-loading mimicking denture-wearing using an organotypic culture system to develop a three-dimensional in vitro oral mucosa model (3DOMM). Primary human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts were serially grown in a monolayer culture, and cell viability was measured under continuous cyclic mechanical pressure (50 kPa) for 7 days (cycles of 60 min on, 20 s off to degas and inject air). Upon initiation of an air-liquid interface culture for epithelial stratification, the cyclic pressure, set to the mode above mentioned, was applied to the 3DOMMs for 7 days. Paraffin-embedded 3DOMMs were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. In the monolayer culture, the pressure did not affect the viability of oral keratinocytes or fibroblasts. Few histologic changes were observed in the epithelial layer of the control and pressure-loaded 3DOMMs. Immunohistochemical examination, however, revealed a significant decrease in Ki-67 labelling and an increase in filaggrin and involucrin expression in the suprabasal layer of the pressure-loaded 3DOMMs. Pressure-loading attenuated integrin ß1 expression and increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. Incomplete deposition of laminin and type IV collagen beneath the basal cells was observed only in the pressure-loaded 3DOMM. Cyclic pressure-loading appeared to disrupt multiple functions of the basal cells in the 3DOMM, resulting in a predisposition towards terminal differentiation. Thus, denture-wearing could compromise oral epithelial homeostasis.

Salivary cytokine profile in elders with Candida-related denture stomatitis.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated risk factors of denture stomatitis, and the levels of cytokines in the saliva of elderly Candida-related denture stomatitis participants compared with adult individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The occurrence of denture stomatitis in 128 patients with upper removable dentures was clinically examined. Participants were divided into two age groups as adult and elder. Risk factors associated with denture stomatitis were evaluated by questionnaire and oral and dental prosthesis examination. The quality of dentures was evaluated by direct examination. Palatal mucosa was swabbed for Candida carriage investigation, and whole unstimulated saliva was collected for cytokine detection. Salivary cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The associations between the occurrence of denture stomatitis and either the quality of dentures or Candida isolation on palatal mucosa were significant. However, differences in the levels of salivary IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, ICAM-1 and TNF-α between the denture wearers with and without denture stomatitis were undetectable. Adult and elderly Candida-related denture stomatitis patients also showed a similar level of salivary IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, ICAM-1 and TNF-α. No correlation between the presence of denture stomatitis in the elder and the quantity of Candida infection was found. CONCLUSION: No association was found between the occurrence of Candida-related denture stomatitis and the concentrations of salivary IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, ICAM-1 and TNF-α, regardless of age.

Clinicopathologic correlation: palatal mass interfering with seating of a maxillary denture.

This paper is a clinicopathologic correlation regarding a 61-year-old patient with an ill-fitting maxillary denture. Examination revealed a firm, nontender palatal mass. Descriptions of the clinical findings, work-up, differential diagnosis, histological observations, and diagnosis of the lesion are presented.

Oral Hygiene and Gingival Health in Patients with Fixed Prosthodontic Appliances - A Six Month Follow-up.

Background Gingival inflammation and periodontal disease are the common complications of fixed dental prosthesis. They can be overcome by good oral hygiene maintenance. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the oral hygiene and gingival condition in patients after placement of fixed dental prosthesis for a period of six months. It was also analyzed how factors like type of fixed dental prosthesis (Single crown, fixed partial denture) and material (Metal, Porcelain fused to metal) are statistically associated with oral hygiene and gingival health. Method The sample consisted of 50 patients visiting the Dental Outpatient Department of Dhulikhel Hospital. The oral examinations were conducted using basic diagnostic tools (Mouth mirror, periodontal probe and explorer). Teeth and gingiva were examined using the Plaque and Gingiva Index by Silness and Löe. The examinations were conducted after 14 days and six months after placement of fixed dental prosthesis along with the oral hygiene instructions. Paired sample t-test were done to find statistical association using SPSS 16.0. Result Our results revealed no significant difference in plaque index among patients with single crown whereas fixed partial denture showed statistical significance. No significant differences were found for type of material. The statistical analysis showed similar results for gingival index. Conclusion Our research showed that single crown had no significant difference on Plaque index and Gingival index of the patient after 14 days and six months, whereas, Fixed partial denture showed significant difference. Both metal and porcelain fused to metal crown revealed no statistically significant difference on Plaque index and Gingival index.

Association between Dental Prosthesis and Periodontal Disease among Patients Visiting a Tertiary Dental Care Centre in Eastern Nepal.

Background Dental caries and Periodontal diseases are the most prevalent oral health problems present globally. The distribution and severity of such oral health problems varies in different parts of the world and even in different regions of the same country. Nepal is one of the country with higher prevalence rate of these problems. These problems arise in association with multiple factors. Objective This study was carried out to describe the periodontal status and to analyse the association of periodontal disease with the wearing of fixed or removable partial dentures in a Nepalese population reporting to the College of Dental Surgery, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. Method This study comprised of a sample of 200 adult individuals. All data were collected by performing clinical examinations in accordance with the World Health Organization Oral Health Surveys Basic Methods Criteria. It included the Community Periodontal Index and dental prosthesis examination. Result A descriptive analysis was performed and odds ratio (1.048) and 95% confidence interval (1.001; 1.096) was found out. The mean age of the population participated in the study was 41.82 ± 14.80 years. A total of 93 (46.5%) males and 107 (53.5%) females participated in the study. Among these subjects, 100% presented some periodontal problems. The statistical analysis indicated that the probability of periodontal disease with regards to wearing partial dentures was not significant as suggested by the odds ratio (1.048). Conclusion There is no association of the wearing of dental prosthesis (RPD and/or FPD) with the periodontal disease and suggests a need for populations based oral health education programs, plaque control programs to reduce the incidence of periodontal disease.

[Burning oral sensation: when is really BMS?]. / Az égo száj szindrómáról. Diagnózis és etiológia.

The aims and purposes of this systematic review of the international literature are to discuss and clarify some considerations on Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS). Over the last 40 years, many researchers have addressed this disease clinically or experimentally. Thus, the etiology and pathogenesis of BMS remain unclear. We analyzed the etiopathogenesis of Burning Mouth Syndrome and of the burning oral sensation and currently, we could not find a consensus on the diagnosis and classification of BMS. Further studies are required to better understand the pathogenesis of BMS, and a "Gold Standard" classification is required because not every burning sensation in the mouth is BMS.

An assessment of mast cells and myofibroblasts in denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVES: The pathogenesis of denture-induced fibrous hyperplasias has not been examined in detail to explain how tissue injury results in fibrous hyperplasia of the oral mucosa. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined the presence of mast cells and myofibroblasts in 33 denture-induced fibrous hyperplasias (DIFH) compared with 10 healthy gingival tissues. The parameters examined included mast cell numbers, tissue distribution, degranulation, and cell subtypes using immunohistochemistry. The presence of myofibroblasts and their likely origin was also examined by double immunofluorescense staining. Furthermore, we investigated the synthesis of osteopontin and TGF-ß, considered to be involved in the transformation of a fibroblast to a myofibroblast. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the mast cell numbers are significantly increased in the DIFH compared with non-disease controls. The mast cell localization in lesions was higher in the superficial areas with inflammatory cell infiltration compared with the deep fibrotic area (P < 0.01). The number of tryptase-positive mast cells was significantly higher compared with chymase-positive ones. The TGF-ß- or osteopontin-positive cell infiltration into the lesion was found in high numbers. The presence of myofibroblasts was identified in 14 of 33 cases (42%), and some of these cells showed apoptosis when assessed by the TUNEL assay. On the survey of the origin of myofibroblasts, results showed αSMA and vimentin positivity indicating these transformed from fibroblasts. CONCLUSION: These results are the first to show that mast cells and myofibroblasts can be detected in DIFH, indicating important roles of these cells in the pathogenesis of this lesion.