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1.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt ; 44(6): 1100-1106, 2024 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38940220

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To collate data on partially accommodative esotropia (PAET) to better understand this condition's aetiology and to evaluate and predict the therapeutic effect of a hyperopic correction on PAET. METHODS: Eighty-nine consecutive patients diagnosed with PAET with a spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error >+2.50 D were included in this retrospective review. Clinical characteristics, including gender, age, SE, angle of esodeviation, accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio, near-distance disparity (NDD) and anatomical features of the rectus muscles were compared among different PAET subgroups. Multiple linear regression was used to identify independent factors that influenced the therapeutic effect of a hyperopic correction on esotropia. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed for the angle of esodeviation as a function of age in individuals with PAET. The incidence of SE in PAET participants >9 years old was significantly greater than in those <5 and 6-8 years of age. The therapeutic effect of hyperopic correction on esotropia was positively associated with SE both at distance and near. In addition, the limbus insertion distance (LID) of the lateral rectus (LR) muscle was positively associated with NDD at distance, but negatively associated at near. CONCLUSION: A greater incidence of hyperopia was observed in older (>9 years old) PAET patients. A hyperopic correction had a greater effect on esotropia in individuals with a higher SE, larger LID of the LR muscle and a smaller NDD.


Subject(s)
Accommodation, Ocular , Esotropia , Hyperopia , Oculomotor Muscles , Humans , Esotropia/physiopathology , Esotropia/therapy , Male , Female , Accommodation, Ocular/physiology , Retrospective Studies , Child , Hyperopia/physiopathology , Hyperopia/complications , Hyperopia/therapy , Child, Preschool , Oculomotor Muscles/physiopathology , Visual Acuity/physiology , Eyeglasses , Vision, Binocular/physiology , Adolescent , Refraction, Ocular/physiology
2.
Int Ophthalmol ; 44(1): 315, 2024 Jul 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38967725

ABSTRACT

Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is mainly characterized by sudden onset, accompanied by diplopia, without extraocular muscles paralysis or ocular motility disorders. In recent years, the incidence of AACE has been increasing, researchers have found that this phenomenon may be related to the widespread use of electronic devices and the increase in the number of people working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, its neural mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This article primarily reviews the latest developments in the diagnosis and treatment of AACE from the perspectives of etiology and treatment methods, aiming to provide direction for future in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis and treatment approaches of this disease.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Esotropia , Humans , Esotropia/diagnosis , Esotropia/therapy , Esotropia/physiopathology , Esotropia/etiology , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/epidemiology , Acute Disease , Oculomotor Muscles/physiopathology , SARS-CoV-2
3.
Eye (Lond) ; 38(4): 680-686, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38302533

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A national study was undertaken through the British ophthalmology surveillance unit (BOSU) to determine the incidence, presenting features and management of essential infantile esotropia (EIE) in the UK. METHODS: Data from a prospective national observational study of newly diagnosed EIE presenting to clinicians in the United Kingdom over a 12-month period were collected. Cases with a confirmed diagnosis by a clinician of a constant, non-accommodative esotropia ≥20 prism dioptres (PD), presenting at ≤12 months, with no neurological or ocular abnormalities were identified through BOSU. Follow-up data were collected at 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 57 cases were reported giving an incidence of EIE of 1 in 12,828 live births. The mean age of diagnosis and intervention were 7.05 ± 2.6 months (range 2-12) and 14.7 ± 4.9 months (range 6.5-28.1), respectively. Management was surgical in 59.6%, botulinum toxin alone in 22.8%, and 17.5% were observed. The preoperative angle of esotropia was smaller in the observation group (P = 0.04). The postoperative angle of esotropia was not statistically significant between botulinum toxin or surgery (P = 0.3), although the age of intervention was earlier in the botulinum group (P = 0.007). Early intervention (before 12 months of age) did not influence the post-intervention motor outcomes between 0 and 10 prism dioptres of esotropia (P = 0.78). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of EIE in the UK is considerably lower than reported in other population-based studies. The preferred method of treatment was surgical with earlier intervention in those treated with botulinum toxin. An early age of intervention (<12 months) did not influence motor outcomes.


Subject(s)
Botulinum Toxins, Type A , Esotropia , Ophthalmology , Humans , Infant , Esotropia/diagnosis , Esotropia/epidemiology , Esotropia/therapy , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Vision, Binocular , Oculomotor Muscles/surgery , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures , Treatment Outcome , United Kingdom/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies
4.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 65(2): 104-108, mar.-abr. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-497762

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: conhecer as causas de ambliopia em nosso meio, assim como a resposta obtida com o tratamento oclusivo empregado. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo, avaliando crianças amblíopes, com idade inferior a 12 anos, quanto ao sexo, causa da ambliopia,acuidade visual inicial e final, idade de início e o tempo necessário de tratamento oclusivo. Os resultados estão apresentados segundo a freqüência de ocorrência. Resultados:158 crianças compuseram a amostra, das quais 70,2% apresentavam esotropia, 13,2% exotropia, 0,7% hipertropia, 4,4% desvio horizontal associado à vertical e 11,4% eram ortofóricas; 6,6% apresentavam anisometropia, 0,7% catarata congênita e 6,6% outros diagnósticos. A acuidade visual de 85,5% das crianças melhorou, o que ocorreu mais rapidamente nas ortofóricas. O tempo de oclusão foi longo para todos os tipos de ambliopia. Conclusão: a causa mais freqüente de ambliopia foi a estrábica (esotropia)e o tratamento oclusivo foi efetivo para a maioria das crianças tratadas.


Objective: to evaluate the causes and the results of occlusion amblyopia treatment. Methods: a retrospectivestudy was done including children under 12 years old. Sex, age of starting treatment, etiology, ocular deviationaffection, visual acuity and time for the occlusion treatment were evaluated. Results: 158 children had all therequirements to compose the sample. 50.6% were males. 70.2% had esotropia, 13.2% exotropia, 0.7% hypertropia and 4.4% presented horizontal and vertical strabismus.11.4% had no ocular deviation. 6.6% presented anisometropia, 0.7% congenital cataract and 6.6% otherdiagnoses. Visual acuity improved in 85.5%, faster in the ortophoric children. The occlusion treatment time was longin all the deviation types. Conclusion: the treatment was beneficial in improving amblyopia in the majority of the children evaluated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Amblyopia/etiology , Amblyopia/rehabilitation , Amblyopia/therapy , Esotropia/therapy , Occlusive Dressings , Observational Studies as Topic , Retrospective Studies
5.
Arch. chil. oftalmol ; 61(1): 49-54, 2004. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-416742

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Caracterizar los tipos de Endotropía (ET) Acomodativa y su frecuencia relativa en un grupo de pacientes portadores de ET en nuestro medio y describir su evolución clínica (por ciento de descompensación, dependencia de lentes ópticos, visión binocular final y variación de la hipermetropía acompañante). Materiales y métodos: 47 pacientes fueron seguidos por un período mínimo de 2 años y máximo de 13 (promedio: 4,6 años), evaluando la desviación con o sin corrección, refracción bajo cicloplegia, visión binocular, presencia de ambliopía y necesidad de cirugía. Resultados: Edad de inicio promedio fue 2,7 + 1,5 años. 53,2 por ciento correspondieron a ET acomodativa puras. El equivalente esférico al momento del diagnóstico fue 4,8 esf. La evolución del equivalente esférico mostró aumento de la hipermetropía hasta los 7-8 años, y luego una lenta y no significativa reducción. El alineamiento motor se mantuvo estable a través del tiempo, no observándose casos inicialmente alineados que luego se descompensaron. El 15 por ciento presentó estereopsis completa al momento del último control. El 71 por ciento no requirió cirugía y hubo 1 caso tratado de toxina botulínica. Conclusiones: En esta muestra no se produjeron cambios sensoriales en el transcurso del tiempo, así como tampoco se modificó en forma significativa la refracción, motivo por el cual los lentes no pudieron ser retirados. La cirugía es un evento infrecuente y tiene lugar en los casos de ET parcialmente acomodativa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Accommodation, Ocular , Esotropia/diagnosis , Esotropia/physiopathology , Esotropia/therapy , Amblyopia , Chile , Depth Perception
6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 48(2): 58-61, 1985.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-2190

ABSTRACT

Os autores estudaram a possibilidade e a probabilidade de descompensaçäo das ET acomodativas, baseando-se principalmente na variaçäo da relaçäo CA/A


Subject(s)
Humans , Esotropia/therapy
10.
s.l; UPCH. Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado; 1987. 115 p. tab. (PE-2096-2096a).
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-107371

ABSTRACT

Fue nuestra intención, al iniciar este trabajo, presentar una visión panorámica de la situación epidemiológica, química y terapéutica de la esotropia congénita en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño de Lima-Perú, en un lapso de tiempo que alcanzó los últimos 10 años. Asimismo, el propósito de incluír un número considerable de pacientes se sustenta en la posibilidad de realizar pruebas estadísticas que fueran significativas, permitiendo conclusiones y proyectos futuros válidos. Considerando los 3 requisitos de un inicio entre los 0 y 6 meses, una medida de la desviación angular y el diagnóstico de esotropia congénita, se obtuvo un total de 864 pacientes, cuyos datos epidemiológicos, clínicos y de tratamiento fueron procesados por medio de computadora, procediéndose a continuación a aplicar en ellos las pruebas estadísticas pertinentes. Los principales resultados de allí derivados, fueron los siguientes: La isotropia congénita se distribuye por igual en ambos sexos, presenta cierta proporción de antecedentes familiares positivos, pero la literatura no describe aún el o los mecanismos de herencia. Los promedio de edad de primera consulta y de primera cirugía son tardías, y en especial la última bastante elevada con respecto a las recomendaciones de múltiples reportes; esto se aunó a bajos promedios de seguimiento, particularmente en los grupos de los no operados y tasas moderadas de abandono. las pruebas estadísticas no demostraron la existencia de diferencias entre estos valores de edades y seguimientos a largo del tiempo de estudio. Se discutió respecto a las raices socioeconómicas del problema que han determinado la trayectoria invariable antes descritas y el aspecto cultural sobre el cual incidí si ha de intentarse algún posible cambio. La medida de la desviación angular señaló un promedio significativamente mayor para el síndrome de Ciancia, siendo la prueba de Hirschberg la más usada; un análisis exhaustivo de los resultados no mostró diferencia entre los resultados generales y post-quirúrgicos, para el total de pacientes, subgrupos de errores de refacción de pacientes comprendidos en cada error de refracción y diversas características del estrabismo en estudio; esto permitió concluír que: excepto los pacientes con astigmatismo y hipermetrópico que se asociarian a una mayor proporción de edotropia monocular, ningún tipo de error de refraccirn se asocia a la esotropia congénita, reafirmando su carácter de tal, frente a la de tipo acomodativo. En la mayo


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Female , Esotropia/epidemiology , Esotropia/congenital , Esotropia/diagnosis , Esotropia/therapy , Peru , Socioeconomic Factors
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