ABSTRACT
Objetivo: actualizar la información sobre la disbiosis bacteriana oral y su efecto en enfermedades bucales. Material y métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica detallada, donde la búsqueda de artículos comenzó desde el 2014 con trabajos de investigación relacionados con el tema. Se aplicaron palabras clave para facilitar y delimitar el tema. En los resultados obtenidos se observa información específica de disbiosis bacteriana y los problemas y enfermedades que causan en la cavidad bucal. Conclusión: la cavidad oral es un ecosistema muy complejo e interactivo donde se desarrollan variedades de hábitats que establecen relaciones entre los microorganismos en los distintos medios bucales. Por lo general, el cuerpo humano vive en simbiosis con dichas bacterias, esta relación hospedador-huésped es producto de años de evolución y convivencia para poder tolerar a dichas especies y por medio de años de investigación, determinar a los agentes patógenos y a los simbióticos, lo que permitirá en un futuro tener enfoques terapéuticos y científicos, para así solucionar, mejorar y evitar problemas relacionados con la salud (AU)
Objective: this review aimed to update the information on oral bacterial dysbiosis and its effect on oral diseases. Material and methods: a detailed literature review was performed, where the search for articles began in 2014 with research papers related to the topic. Keywords were applied to facilitate and delimit the topic. The results obtained show specific information on bacterial dysbiosis and the problems and diseases they cause in the oral cavity. Conclusion: the oral cavity is a very complex and interactive ecosystem where a variety of habitats develop and establish relationships between microorganisms in different oral environments. Generally, the human body lives in symbiosis with these bacteria, this host-guest relationship is the product of years of evolution and coexistence to be able to tolerate these species and through years of research to determine the pathogens and symbiotics, which will allow in the future to have therapeutic and scientific approaches, to solve, improve and avoid health-related problems (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Infections/complications , Dysbiosis/etiology , Mouth Diseases/microbiology , Gram-Positive Rods/pathogenicity , Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci/pathogenicity , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Host Microbial Interactions , Mouth/microbiologyABSTRACT
Resumen La espectrometría de masas (MALDI-TOF MS) permite la identificación de microorganismos directamente de las colonias en pocos minutos. En este estudio se ha desarrollado y evaluado un protocolo reducido para identificar microorganismos directamente de las botellas de hemocultivos positivos en 30 minutos con una alta sensibilidad y especificidad, utilizando MALDITOF. Un total de 2535 hemocultivos positivos fueron estudiados por el método directo de MALDI-TOF MS, a partir de una alícuota de sangre de las botellas y el método de colonia, utilizando los cultivos desarrollados en medios sólidos. Del total de hemocultivos positivos incluidos en este estudio, 2381 (93,9%) fueron monomicrobianos y 146 (5,8%) polimicrobianos. Mil trescientos treinta (55,9%) de los aislamientos correspondieron a cocos gram positivos, 922 (38,7%) a bacilos gram negativos, 60 (2,5%) a anaerobios, 36 (1,5%) a bacilos gram positivos y 13 a levaduras. La concordancia global entre ambos métodos fue del 81,7% a nivel de especie (90,0% para bacilos gram negativos, 76,7% para cocos gram positivos y 33,3% para bacilos gram positivos). Se identificó al menos un germen en el 88% de las botellas positivas con desarrollo polimicrobiano. Los resultados del presente estudio demostraron que el protocolo basado en MALDI-TOF MS permite la identificación microbiana directamente de hemocultivos positivos en un tiempo corto, con una alta precisión, con excepción de los bacilos gram positivos.
Abstract Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) enables the identification of microorganisms directly from colonies within minutes. In this study this technology was adapted and tested for use with blood culture bottles, thus allowing identification in 30 minutes once the blood culture is detected as positive by the automate. A total of 2535 blood culture bottles reported as positive were tested by MALDI-TOF MS directly from positive blood culture bottles and colonies. A total of 2381 (93.9%) and 146 (5.8%) of the positive blood cultures were monomicrobial and polymicrobial, respectively. And 1330 (55.9%), 922 (38.7%), 60 (2.5%), 36 (1.5%) and 13 of the isolates were gram-positive cocci (GPC), gram-negative bacilli (GNB), anaerobic bacteria, gram-positive bacilli (GPB) and yeast respectively. Concordance between both methods was 81.7% (76.7% of GPC, 90% of GNB, 74.2% of anaerobic bacteria and 33.3% of GPB) in monomicrobial cultures. Eighty eight per cent of the polymicrobial cultures were identified correctly in at least one of the two bacteria. The results of the present study show that this fast, MALDI-TOF MS based method allows microbial identification directly from positive blood culture in a short time, with a high accuracy, with the exception of gram-positive bacilli.
Resumo A espectrometria de massa (MALDI-TOF MS) permite a identificação de microorganismos diretamente das colônias em minutos. Nesse estudo, foi desenvolvido um protocolo reduzido para identificar microrganismos diretamente das garrafas de hemoculturas positivas em 30 minutos com alta sensibilidade e especificidade, utilizando MALDI-TOF. Um total de 2535 hemoculturas positivas foram relatadas -o método direto de MALDI-TOF MS, a partir de uma alíquota de sangue dos vidros e o método de colônia, a partir das culturas desenvolvidas em meios sólidos. Do total de hemoculturas positivas incluídas neste estudo, 2.381 (93,9%) eram monomicrobianas e 146 (5,8%) eram polimicrobianas. Mil trezentos e trinta (55,9%) dos isolados corresponderam a cocos gram-positivos, 922 (38,7%) bacilos gram-negativos, 60 (2,5%) anaeróbios, 36 (1,5%) bacilos gram-positivos e 13 leveduras. A concordância geral entre os dois métodos foi de 81,7% em nivel de especie (90,0% para bacilos gram-negativos, 76,7% para cocos gram-positivos e 33,3% para bacilos gram-positivos). Pelo menos um germe foi identificado em 88% dos vidros positivos com desenvolvimento polimicrobiano. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram que o protocolo baseado em MALDI-TOF MS permite a identificação microbiana diretamente de hemoculturas positivas em um curto espaço de tempo, com alta precisão, com exceção de bacilos gram-positivos.
Subject(s)
Mass Spectrometry , Gram-Positive Rods , Microbiology , Technology , Time , Bacteria , Yeasts , Glass Industry , Sensitivity and Specificity , Gram-Positive Cocci , Guidelines as Topic , Cocos , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization , Culture , Growth and Development , Blood Culture , Lasers , MethodsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Mastitis is one of the most important illnesses in specialized dairy herds worldwide due to the effects on production and animal health. The types caused by CNS has a special importance in a production where the main pathogens are controlled. The objective of the present work is to determine the prevalence of CNS in a dairy herd in Boyaca and also quantify the effects of every species of CNS in SCC. 40 cows were selected and sampled during 6 months, CMT was performed, and results from 1 to trace were sampled. The routine bacteriological test was also performed for CNS identification, and the isolating of CNS was performed through rpoB gene identification and through the type of strain using the pulse gel electrophoresis procedure. Out of 960 samples, 619 were positive for CNS growth. The most prevalent species were Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. chromogenes, S. sciuri, S. simulaans, S. haemolyticus and S. capitis. The results that were found here are similar to the results observed in different parts of the world, which confirms that they are pathogens that must be constantly evaluated because they can go unnoticed in routine controls, especially in those farms where major pathogens are not a serious problem. The results determined in this study demonstrate that CNS generates a slight increase in somatic cells.
RESUMEN La mastitis es una de las enfermedades más importantes en los rebaños lecheros especializados alrededor de todo el mundo debido a los efectos sobre la producción y la salud animal. Los tipos ocasionados por estafilococos coagualasa negativo (ECN) tienen una importancia especial en una producción en la que los principales patógenos están controlados. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar la prevalência del ECN en un hato lechero en Boyacá y cuantificar los efectos de cada especie de ECN en el conteo de células somáticas (CCS). Se seleccionaron 40 vacas y se tomaron muestras durante 6 meses, se realizó california mastitis test (CMT) y se tomaron muestras de los resultados desde 1 hasta donde hubo trazas. También se realizó la prueba bacteriológica de rutina para la identificación del ECN y el aislamiento del ECN se realizó mediante la identificación del gen rpoB y del tipo de cepa, usando el procedimiento de electroforesis en gel de pulso. De 960 muestras, 619 fueron positivas para el crecimiento del ECN. Las especies más prevalentes fueron Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. chromogenes, S. sciuri, S. simulans, S. haemolyticus y S. capitis. Los resultados encontrados aquí son similares a resultados en diferentes partes del mundo, lo que confirma que son patógenos que deben ser evaluados constantemente porque pueden pasar desapercibidos en los controles de rutina, especialmente en aquellas fincas donde los patógenos mayores no son un problema grave. Los resultados determinados en este estudio demuestran que el SNC genera un ligero aumento de células somáticas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Staphylococcus , Cattle , Cells , Longitudinal Studies , Electrophoresis , Mammary Glands, Animal , Mastitis , Veterinary Medicine , Catalase , Cell Count , Prevalence , Gram-Positive Rods , HemolysisABSTRACT
Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis are gram-positive bacterial pathogens and the causative agents of leprosy in humans across the world. The elimination of leprosy cannot be achieved by multidrug therapy alone, and highlights the need for new tools and drugs to prevent the emergence of new resistant strains. Methods In this study, our contribution includes the prediction of vaccine targets and new putative drugs against leprosy, using reverse vaccinology and subtractive genomics. Six strains of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis (4 and 2 strains, respectively) were used for comparison taking Mycobacterium leprae strain TN as the reference genome. Briefly, we used a combined reverse vaccinology and subtractive genomics approach. Results As a result, we identified 12 common putative antigenic proteins as vaccine targets and three common drug targets against Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Furthermore, the docking analysis using 28 natural compounds with three drug targets was done. Conclusions The bis-naphthoquinone compound Diospyrin (CID 308140) obtained from indigenous plant Diospyros spp. showed the most favored binding affinity against predicted drug targets, which can be a candidate therapeutic target in the future against leprosy.(AU)
Subject(s)
Gram-Positive Rods/pathogenicity , Vaccinology , Mycobacterium leprae/pathogenicity , Mycobacterium lepraemurium/pathogenicityABSTRACT
La bacteriemia por Clostridium sordellii es infrecuente y usualmente se origina a partir de infecciones de etiología generalmente ginecológica y puerperal, con una mortalidad de aproximadamente el 70%. Existen pocas herramientas para el diagnóstico rápido y oportuno, siendo así la experiencia de tratamiento para este germen muy limitada en otros escenarios, lo que probablemente sea la causa de su alta mortalidad. Presentamos una paciente con antecedente de masa abdominal expansiva de larga data, con diagnóstico por histopatología e inmunohistoquimica compatibles con tumor del estroma gastrointestinal (GIST por sus siglas en inglés) y estudios de extensión que confirman compromiso metastásico hepático, en quien se documenta bacteriemia por Clostridium sordellii.
Clostridium sordellii bacteriemia is infrequent and usually comes from infections of gynecological and puerperal etiology, with mortality near 70%. There are few tools for rapid and timely diagnosis. Thus, treatment experience for this pathogen is very limited in other scenarios, which is probably the cause of high mortality rates. We describe a patient with a history of expansive abdominal mass, diagnosed with metastasic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST), with Clostridium sordellii bacteremia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Bacteremia , Clostridium sordellii , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors , Gram-Positive Rods , Sepsis , NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Techniques to decrease losses from bacterial diseases are always important to improve the fish production. The use of antagonistic substances (bacteriocins) has been proven to be a viable option. The aim of this study was to evaluate different methods of purification for bacteriocin like inhibitory substances (BLIS). For the purification process, we isolated and used two Gram-positive bacilli that produce antagonistic substances for pathogens in aquaculture. Tests for detection of interfering factors were also performed. After the confirmation that the antagonistic action was due the BLIS activity, we carried out the purification methods. The methods tested were: cell free supernatant, acid extraction and ammonium sulfate precipitation at two concentrations (20 and 50%). Salmonella Tiphy CFP/IAL1472 and Aeromonas hydrophila (isolated in a tilapia production environment) were used as indicators of the efficiency of extracts in controlling pathogenic potentials. Ammonium sulfate precipitation at 50% was the most appropriate for purifying the antagonistic substance for both indicators. The extracts of the two isolates remained active for 22 days at 25ºC. These are promising results regarding the water and fish health without the use of antibiotics, in this manner being a safer environmental practice.
Técnicas para diminuir as perdas causadas por doenças bacterianas são importantes para melhorar continuamente a produção de pescado. O uso de substâncias antagônicas (bacteriocinas) tem-se mostrado uma opção viável. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar diferentes métodos de purificação de bacteriocinas como substâncias inibidoras (BLIS). Dois bacilos Gram-positivos, produtores de substâncias antagonistas para agentes patogênicos da aquicultura, foram utilizados em processos de purificação. Depois de confirmada a ação antagônica pela atividade de BLIS, os métodos de purificação foram realizados. Os métodos testados foram: células livres de sobrenadante, extração ácida e precipitação por sulfato de amônia em duas concentrações (20 e 50%). Salmonella Typhi PCP/IAL1472 e Aeromonas hydrophila (isolada de um ambiente de tilapicultura) foram utilizadas como indicadores de eficiência dos extratos. O precipitado por sulfato de amônio a 50% foi o mais adequado para purificar a substância antagonista para ambos os isolados indicadores. Os extratos dos dois isolados permaneceram ativos por 22 dias em 25ºC. Estes resultados são promissores do ponto de vista da manutenção da sanidade da água e dos peixes, sem uso de antibióticos, constituindo uma prática ambientalmente mais segura.
Subject(s)
Gram-Positive Rods/isolation & purification , Bacteriocins/isolation & purification , Fisheries/analysis , AquacultureABSTRACT
Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia y los factores relacionados con la infección por Clostridium difficile en un hospital de alta complejidad en Cali (Colombia). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en pacientes que consultaron por diarrea o la desarrollaron durante la hospitalización y que tuvieron un resultado positivo en la prueba de PCR para Clostridium difficile. Durante el 2012 a 2014, se incluyeron 29 casos y 58 controles. Resultados: La prevalencia de Clostridium difficile hospitalaria en la institución fue de 10 por 10.000 pacientes hospitalizados; en 3 casos se identificó la cepa NAP1-027. Los factores relacionados a Clostridium difficile fueron la diabetes mellitus (OR = 7,4; IC 95%: 1,1-47,6; p = 0,035), la leucemia (OR: 4,1; IC 95%: 1,0-16,5; p =0,043) y el consumo de antibióticos por más de 7 días (OR = 7,0; IC 95%: 2,3-21,1; p = 0,001). Conclusión: Se confirmó la asociación entre el uso previo de antibióticos y la infección por Clostridium difficile, de acuerdo con lo reportado en la literatura mundial. Este estudio describe por primera vez en nuestro país la cepa hipervirulenta NAP1/O27 en pacientes hospitalizados.
Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and factors related to infection by Clostridium difficile in a high complexity hospital in Cali, Colombia. Methods: A case and control study was conducted in patients consulting for diarrhea or diarrhea developed during hospitalisation with a positive CRP test result for Clostridium difficile. During 2012-2014, 29 cases and 58 controls were included. Results: The prevalence of Clostridium difficile in the hospital was 10 per 10.000 hospitalised patients, in 3 cases the NAP1/O27 strain was identified. Factors associatedwith Clostridium difficile were diabetes mellitus (OR = 7.4, IC95%: 1.1-47.6, P=.035), leukaemia (OR: 4.1, IC95%: 1,0-16.5, P=.043) and consumption of antibiotics for more than 7 days (OR = 7.0, IC95%: 2,3-21.1, P=.001). Conclusions: This study confirmed the association of Clostridium difficile infection with the use of previous antibiotics, in accordance with that reported in literature. This study describes for the first time in our country the hypervirulent NAP1/O27 in hospitalised patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Clostridioides difficile , Clostridium Infections/epidemiology , Prevalence , Gram-Positive Rods , Colombia , Hospital Care , Anti-Bacterial AgentsABSTRACT
Introducción: en los procedimientos odontológicos se está expuestoa gran cantidad de microorganismos y las intervenciones clínicas provocan un contacto directo o indirecto con éstos, ya sea a través del instrumental, equipo odontológico contaminado con saliva, sangre, exudados, etcétera. Por esta razón debe tomarse en cuenta el tipo de contaminación de las piezas de mano por ser parte del equipo de uso cotidiano para realizar tratamientos odontológicos. Objetivos generales:Determinar la carga bacteriana en las piezas de alta velocidad antes y después de su uso en diferentes clínicas de la Facultad de Odontologíade la UV Región Veracruz. Metodología: Investigación transversal, descriptiva y observacional. Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron al azar 30 piezas de mano de los estudiantes de la Universidad Veracruzana Facultad de Odontología Región Veracruz, a las cuales se tomó una muestra con un hisopo de algodón antes y después de su uso en la práctica dental. Se realizaron cultivos con las muestras obtenidas que se observaron durante tres días seguidos bajo microscopio para comprobar la presencia de colonias bacterianas. Resultados: De las30 piezas antes de ser utilizadas se detectó Bacillus grampositivos en24 por ciento de las muestras; en 20 por ciento Bacillus gramnegativos, en 6 por ciento Streptobacillus gram-positivos; en 20 por ciento Staphylococcus grampositivos; en 3 por ciento Cocobacillus gramnegativos y en 22 por ciento Actinomyces gramnegativos. El restante 2 por ciento no reveló unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC). En un segundo muestreo, 33 por ciento desarrolló Bacillus grampositivos, 10 por cientoBacillus gramnegativos, 20 por ciento adquirió Sthapylococcus grampositivos, 3 por ciento Sthapylococcus gramnegativo y 34 por ciento no reveló UFC. Conclusión:En el primer muestreo se detectaron microorganismos en 98% de laspiezas de mano, mientras que en el segundo muestreo 66% se contaminócon microorganismos y en 34% no se observó contaminación.
Introduction: dental activity is exposed to a lot of microorganisms,and clinical interventions have a direct or indirect contact with them.Whether through the instruments, dental equipment contaminatedwith saliva, blood, etc; so you should take into account the type ofcontamination of handpieces for being the most widely used equipmentfor dental treatment. General Objectives: Determine the bacterialload in high-speed parts before and after being used in diff erentclinical uses in Dentistry School at UV, Veracruz. Methodology:Cross-sectional, descriptive and observational research. Materialand methods: 30 pieces of students from the Universidad VeracruzanaSchool of Dentistry, Veracruz region, which a sample was takenwith a swab to pieces before and after use in dental practice wererandomly selected. Cultures with samples obtained observedduring three days in a row microscope to determine the presenceof bacterial colonies were made. Results: Of the 30 pieces beforebeing used 24% of Bacillus Gram-positive samples were found; 20%Bacillus Gram-negative, Gram-positive Streptobacillus 6%; 20%Gram-positive Staphylococcus, 3% developed Coccobacillus Gramnegativeand 22% Gram negative Actinomyces. The remaining 2%no colony forming units development (UFC). In a second sampling;33% developed Bacillus Gram-positive, Gram-negative Bacillus10%, 20% obtained Sthapylococcus Gram-positive, Gram-negativeSthapylococcus 3% and 34% did not develop colony forming unit(CFU). Conclusion: In the first sampling 98% of the pieces were microorganism growth, while in the second 66% and the presence ofmicroorganisms obtained 34% no development.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental High-Speed Equipment/microbiology , Dental High-Speed Equipment/standards , Infection Control, Dental/methods , Root Canal Therapy/instrumentation , Schools, Dental , Cross-Sectional Studies , Culture Media , Colony Count, Microbial/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Equipment Contamination/prevention & control , Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Rods/isolation & purification , MexicoABSTRACT
Introducción: Durante la práctica odonto - lógica se desarrollan procedimientos que favorecen la contaminación del ambiente de trabajo, por consiguiente, la presencia de microorganismos en los materiales emplea - dos en la atención clínica constituyen un riesgo de transmisión de agentes patógenos ocasionando infecciones cruzadas. Objetivo: Evaluar la contaminación micro - biana en las resinas de fotocurado utilizadas en la atención clínica de los pacientes que asisten a las clínicas de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Envigado. Materiales y Métodos: Se conformó un grupo experimental de 46 muestras de resi - na manipuladas por los estudiantes durante la atención clínica; dos jeringas de resina nuevas y dos palillos estériles conformaron el grupo control. Las muestras de resina se depositaron en caldo BHI y después de 48h de incubación a 37°C se realizó una lectura de la turbidez en los caldos. Las muestras contaminadas se sembraron en medios de cultivo sólidos y las colonias fueron descritas por sus características macroscópicas y microscópicas. Se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS 21.0 y se calculó el coeficiente Chi-cuadrado Resultados: El 34,8% de las resinas estaban contaminadas por bacterias del género Staphylococcus y bacilos Gram positivos. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la contaminación de las resinas y la frecuencia de uso ( p >0,05) Conclusiones: Se comprobó que con sólo un uso de la resina después del procedi- miento clínico en un paciente es suficiente para promover su contaminación, por lo tanto el remanente de la resina puede ser considerado como uno de los vehículos responsables de contaminación cruzada.
Background: Some procedures that are performed during the daily dental practice might favor environmental contamina - tion by microorganisms. Therefore, their presence in materials that are routinely used in the dental office constitutes a risk of transmitting pathogen agents, thereby causing cross-contamination. Aim: To evaluate microbial contamina - tion of light-curing composites previously used in patients at the School of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Envigado campus. Materials and Methods: The experimental group consisted of 46 composite samples extracted from previously-used composite syringes. Composite from two as-received syringes and two sterile toothpicks were used as the control group. Samples were deposited in BHI broth for 48 hours at 37°C. After this time, a turbidity reading was performed. Contaminated samples were seeded in solid culture media and colonies were described according to their macro and microscopic characteristics. The SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used and Chi-square coefficient was calculated. Results: 34.8% of composites were contaminated by Staphylococcus sp and Gram positive bacillus. No statistical significant differences between composite contamination and frequency of use were observed (p >0,05). Conclusions: Composite microbial contamination after a single use was demonstrated. Therefore, composite remnants contained in previously-used syringes might be responsible for cross-contamination.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Bonding , Dentistry , Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives , Microbiology , Composite Resins , Gram-Positive Rods , Resins, Synthetic , StaphylococcusABSTRACT
The diversity of thermophilic bacteria was investigated in four hot springs, three salt marshes and 12 desert sites in Morocco. Two hundred and forty (240) thermophilic bacteria were recovered, identified and characterized. All isolates were Gram positive, rod-shaped, spore forming and halotolerant. Based on BOXA1R-PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the recovered isolates were dominated by the genus Bacillus (97.5%) represented by B. licheniformis (119), B. aerius (44), B. sonorensis (33), B. subtilis (subsp. spizizenii (2) and subsp. inaquosurum (6)), B. amyloliquefaciens (subsp. amyloliquefaciens (4) and subsp. plantarum (4)), B. tequilensis (3), B. pumilus (3) and Bacillus sp. (19). Only six isolates (2.5%) belonged to the genus Aeribacillus represented by A. pallidus (4) and Aeribacillus sp. (2). In this study, B. aerius and B. tequilensis are described for the first time as thermophilic bacteria. Moreover, 71.25%, 50.41% and 5.41% of total strains exhibited high amylolytic, proteolytic or cellulolytic activity respectively.
Subject(s)
Bacillaceae/classification , Bacillaceae/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Rods/classification , Gram-Positive Rods/isolation & purification , Hot Springs/microbiology , Soil Microbiology , Water Microbiology , Biodiversity , Bacillaceae/genetics , Bacillaceae/radiation effects , Cluster Analysis , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Gram-Positive Rods/genetics , Gram-Positive Rods/radiation effects , Molecular Sequence Data , Morocco , Phylogeny , /genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Spores, Bacterial/cytologyABSTRACT
En los últimos años, las leches ultra alta temperatura (UAT, o UHT por sus siglas en inglés) definidas en el Decreto 616 de 2006 analizadas en el Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Bogotá han venido presentando resultados no satisfactorios respecto a la prueba de esterilidad comercial, debido a que se han detectado microorganismos productores de esporas altamente resistentes a los tratamientos de ultrapasteurización (HHRS). A escala mundial, se informa como principal causa de esta clase de contaminación al Bacillus sporothermodurans. Con este estudio se determinó si las leches UAT de distribución en Bogotá presentan la misma contaminación detectada por bacterias HHRS del género Bacillus, y principalmente B. sporothermodurans. Las muestras de leches UAT que ingresaron al Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Bogotá se utilizaron para análisis microbiológico, como parte de la vigilancia rutinaria realizada por el Hospital de Fontibón durante 2010 y 2011. Como resultado de la prueba de esterilidad comercial aplicada a las leches UAT se recuperaron 36 cepas de muestras analizadas durante 2010-2011, a las que se les realizó la identificación bioquímica con el test BCL de Biomerieux, en el equipo Vitek ®2 Systems. Los microorganismos recuperados morfológicamente correspondieron a bacilos grampositivos, pertenecientes al género Bacillus, así: Bacillus smitii, 66,67 %; Bacillus sphaericus/fusiformis, 8,33 %; Bacillus choshinensis y Geobacillus stearothermophilus, 8,33 %. Esto permite concluir que no toda la contaminación de las leches UAT (UHT) analizadas en Bogotá se debe a una sola especie de Bacillus; por tanto, no se debe enfocar únicamente en B. sporothermodurans como contaminante único de leches higienizadas a escala nacional
In recent years, ultra-high temperature milk categories (enforced by Decree 616 of 2006 and scrutinized by Public Health Laboratory of Bogota) have reported unsatisfactory results regarding a commercial sterility test because of highly heat-resistant spores HHRS produced by microorganisms. Globally, Bacillus sporothermodurans has reported as the main cause of this kind of pollution. This study established whether these delivery milks in Bogota have the same pollution detected by HHRS bacteria of the genus Bacillus and mainly B. sporothermodurans. For this purpose, we used microbiological samples as a portion of the repetitive surveillance performed by the Hospital de Fontibon during 2010 and 2011, division of Environment and Consumer Surveillance. Because of the commercial sterility test, 36 sample strains were recovered and biochemically identified using Biomerieux BCL test, supported by Vitek ®2 Systems. The morphologically recovered microorganisms were Gram-positive bacilli belonging to Bacillus type, as follows: Bacillus smitii 66,67 %, Bacillus sphaericus/ fusiformis 8,33 %, Bacillus choshinensis and Geobacillus sterarothermophilus 8,33 %. This lets us to conclude that not all of the pollution is due to single species of Bacillus and should not focus only on B. sporothermodurans as a single contaminant of domestic sanitized milks
Nos últimos anos, as categorias de leite ultra-alta temperatura (UAT) definidas no Decreto 616 de 2006 e analisados no Laboratório de Saúde Pública de Bogotá têm vindo apresentando resultados não satisfatórios respeito à prova de esterilidade comercial, isso devido a que se têm afetado microrganismos produtores de esporas altamente resistentes aos tratamentos de ultra- pasteurização (HHRS). Mundialmente reporta-se como principal causa deste tipo de contaminação ao Bacillus sporothermodurans. Com este estudo determinou-se se esses leites de distribuição em Bogotá apresentam a mesma contaminação detectada por bactérias HHRS do gênero Bacillus e principalmente o B. sporothermodurans. Para tal fim, utilizaram-se amostras de análise microbiológico como parte da vigilância costumeira realizada pelo Hospital de Fontibón durante 2010 y 2011 na área de Vigilância do Ambiente e Consumo. Resultados da prova de esterilidade comercial foram recuperadas 36 cepas de amostras nas quais, a seguir, foram realizada a identificação bioquímica com o teste BCL de Biomerieux na equipe Vitek ®2 Systems. Os microrganismos recuperados morfologicamente corresponderam a bacilos Gram positivos, pertencentes ao gênero Bacillus, deste jeito: Bacillus smitii 66.67 %, Bacillus sphaericus/ fusiformis 8.33 %, Bacillus choshinencis e Geobacillus sterarothermophilus 8.33 %. O anterior permite concluir que não toda a contaminação é devida a uma só espécie de bacilos e não deve se enfocar unicamente em B. sporothermodurans como contaminante único nacional dos leites higienizados
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Gram-Positive Rods , Milk , Pasteurization , Spores , Bacillus , Bacteria , Public Health , Dairying , Public Health Laboratory Services , Microbiota , LaboratoriesABSTRACT
La Actinomicosis Periapical es una lesión asociada con infecciones producidas por especies de Actinomyces y se ha considerado un factor en la perpetuación de las radiolucencias periapicales después de los tratamientos endodóncicos. El objetivo de esta revisión es dar a conocer la frecuencia de especies de Actinomices en la Actinomicosis Periapical...
Periapical Actinomycosis is a periapical lesion associated with infections caused by Actinomyces species and has been considered a contributing factor in the perpetuation of periapical radiolucencies after root canals. The objective of this review is to present frequency of Actinomyces species in Periapical Actinomycosis...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Actinomycosis/physiopathology , Gram-Positive Rods/growth & development , Dental Pulp Diseases/diagnosis , Dental Pulp Diseases/virology , Soft Tissue Infections , Actinomyces , Bacteriology , Dental Pulp Cavity , Endodontics , Infectious Disease MedicineABSTRACT
Clostridium difficile es un bacilo gram positivo, anaerobio estricto, capaz de formar esporas que le permiten su supervivencia en aguas, suelos y en ambientes hospitalarios, donde puede permanecer hasta años. Inicialmente, fue descrito en 1935 como un agente normal de la microbiota intestinal de recién nacidos sanos. El presente escrito pretende revisar las generalidades del microorganismo y de la enfermedad asociada a C. difficile , enfatizando la prevalencia de ambos en nuestro medio, la problemática, el vacío del conocimiento que se presenta y los métodos de laboratorio que permiten su diagnóstico y estudio.
Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, bacillus capable of forming spores that enable it to survive in waters, soils, and in hospital environments, where it can remain for years. It was initially described in 1935 as a normal microorganism of the intestinal microbiota of healthy newborns. This article reviews the general features of the microorganism and the disease associated with C. difficile , emphasising the prevalence of both in our environment, the problems, the lack of knowledge on it, and the laboratory methods that help in its diagnosis and study.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Clostridioides difficile , Clostridium Infections , Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous , Gram-Positive Rods , Diarrhea , LaboratoriesABSTRACT
La queratitis producida por Nocardia spp es raramente reportada en el mundo por lo que su incidencia no está aún bien establecida. En el presente estudio se reporta el primer caso de queratitis por Nocardia brasiliensis en Paraguay en un paciente de sexo masculino, de profesión jardinero, procedente de la ciudad de Asunción, y con antecedente de traumatismo con rama de arbusto quince días antes de la consulta. El paciente acude al servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital de Clínicas, debido a ojo rojo, agudeza visual disminuida e intenso dolor en el ojo izquierdo con una semana de evolución. Se realiza tratamiento con la aplicación de colirio reforzado de gentamicina 14 mg/ml y cefazolina 50 mg/ml, cada una hora, observándose mejoría de los síntomas y de la agudeza visual a los 10 días de seguimiento. La evolución clínica en queratitis a Nocardia spp es buena siempre que el diagnóstico etiológico se realice sin demora y correctamente. Es muy importante diferenciar los bordes de las lesiones de la úlcera de córnea producidas por hongos, bacterias filamentosas y otras bacterias, además considerar la presencia de lesiones satélites
Subject(s)
Gram-Positive Rods , Gentamicins , Corneal UlcerABSTRACT
La identificación de microorganismos en tejido es esencial para reconocer un proceso infeccioso. Inicialmente, mediante la coloración de hematoxilina-eosina, se puede identificar el patrón de inflamación asociado y luego, a través de tinciones basadas en plata y la tinción de Gramde tejido se visualizan los microorganismos. La tinción de Gram no solo sirve para bacterias, sino también para algunos hongos y parásitos; no obstante, esta técnica tiene algunos inconvenientes, como la contaminación con otros microorganismos y la imposibilidad de visualizar algunas bacterias, entre ellas Legionella pneumophila, Leptospira spp y Bartonella spp. En este artículode revisión se describirán los fundamentos del Gram de tejido, su contribución en el diagnóstico de infecciones como herramienta adicional para el reconocimiento de microorganismos, y sus limitaciones.
The identification of microorganisms in tissue is pivotal to recognize infectious processes.At first, the hematoxylin-eosin stain is used to identify the pattern of inflammation associated; after that, microorganisms are seen through Gram or silver stains. Gram Stain of tissue biopsy not only stains bacteria, but also a number of fungus and parasites. However, this technique has some disadvantages, such as contamination with other microorganisms, and lack of stain of some bacteria, including Legionella pneumophila, Leptospira spp and Bartonella spp. This review articleaims to describe the fundamentals of Gram stain of tissue biopsy and its assistance in infectious diagnosis as an additional tool for recognition of microorganisms, as well as its limitations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections , Gram-Positive Rods , Silver StainingABSTRACT
As infecções causadas por microrganismos Gram-positivos têm sido e são um problema importante tanto nacomunidade como no âmbito hospitalar. Na era atual de redução no desenvolvimento de fármacos antimicrobianos, a Tigeciclina é a primeira das Glicilciclinas aprovadas para uso clínico pela FDA( ) que podeapresentar uma importante atividade contra estes microrganismos. Neste estudo, foram analisadas 131 amostras de cocos Gram-positivos provenientes de isolados clínicos de pacientes internados em um hospital privado de Santa Maria-RS. Para a determinação da atividade antimicrobiana de Tigeciclina utilizou-se o método de disco-difusão, onde foram dispostos discos de Tigeciclina nas placas contendo o meio de cultura Ágar Mueller Hinton. Os sítios anatômicos mais freqüentes deisolados clínicos foram: urina com 44 amostras (33,6%), seguido de secreções com 22 amostras (16,8%), hemoculturas com 22 amostras (16,8%) e secreção traqueal com 12 amostras (9,2%). Os microrganismos mais freqüentemente isoladosforam com 87 amostras (66,4%), seguido de sp. com 19 amostras (14,5%), coagulase negativo com 8 amostras (6,1%), e com 7 amostras (5,4%). Quando verificada a atividade antimicrobiana de Tigeciclina, verificou-se que todas as amostras (100%) apresentaram susceptibilidade .Tigeciclina, Gram-positivos, atividade antimicrobiana. US Food and Drug Administration Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis in vitro.
The infections caused by Gram-positive microorganisms have been and are an important problem in both thecommunity as well as the hospital extent. In the current era of reduction in the development of antimicrobial medicines, Tigecycline is the first of the Glycylcyclines approved to be clinically used by the FDA(US Food and Drug Administration) and it is capable of showing an important activity against those microorganisms. In this study, a total of 131 samples of Grampositivecocci excrement were tested and they were originating from clinical isolated cases of interned patients at a privatehospital in Santa Maria RS. To determine the antimicrobial activity of Tigecycline, the disk diffusion method was used, where disks of Tigecycline were available in plates which contained the Mueller-Hinton Agar medium. The most frequent anatomical sites of clinical isolated cases were: a total of 44 samples of urine (33, 6%), followed by 22 samples of secretions (16, 8%), 22 samples of hemoculture (16, 8%) and 12 samples of tracheal secretion (9, 2%). The most frequently isolatedmicroorganisms were a total of 87 samples of Staphylococcus aureus (66, 4%), followed by 19 samples of Streptococcus sp. (14, 5%), 8 samples of negative Staphylococcus aureus coagulose (6, 1%), and 7 samples of Staphylococcus epidermidis (5, 4%). When the antimicrobial activity of Tigecycline was verified, all the samples (100%) showed in vitro susceptibility.
Subject(s)
Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections , Gram-Positive Rods , Minocycline , Staphylococcus aureusABSTRACT
Two exemplary case reports of respiratory granulomatous infection caused by bacillus of Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in patients who were repeatedly treated with local, intravesical adjuvant BCG therapy for a relapsing transitional bladder carcinoma, are outlined and discussed, on the ground of the cumbersome diagnostic and differential diagnostic process (especially when a prior tuberculosis and a concurrent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are of concern), and an updated literature revision. Only four cases of respiratory BCG-itis (pulmonary tuberculosis-like forms), have been reported until now to the best of our knowledge (two of them following bladder instillation of BCG). One episode of ours represents the first described case with a dual, concomitant granulomatous localization of BCG-itis, also involving the genitourinary tract
Subject(s)
Female , Gram-Positive Rods , Tuberculosis , Pharmacology, ClinicalABSTRACT
Objetivo. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo que describe las características demográficas, la etiología, los factores asociados, la mortalidad, la sensibilidad y la resistencia de los microorganismos a los antibióticos usados en sepsis nosocomial. Diseño del estudio. Se realizó la recolección de datos desde el 2004 hasta el primer trimestre del 2006. Se definió infección nosocomial probada como la infección diagnosticada después de 72 horas de hospitalización y que recibe manejo antibiótico mayor a 3 días. Resultados. Se revisaron 60 historias clínicas, en las cuales los gérmenes Gram negativos fueron los principales causantes de sepsis nosocomial, tanto intra como extrainstitucional; de ellos la k. pneumoniae fue el germen más frecuentemente encontrado. Conclusiones. Los gérmenes Gram negativos son los microorganismos predominantemente causantes de sepsis nosocomial en la Unidad de Recién Nacidos (URN) de la Fundación Cardioinfantil (FCI).
Objective. To describe the demographic characteristics, etiologic agents, some associated factors and, the resistance pattern of the microorganisms in neonates identified with nosocomial infections at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Fundación Cardioinfantil in Bogotá. Study design. This retrospective study was developed from 2004 to the first trimester of 2006. Nosocomial infection was defined as the infection diagnosed after 72 hours of hospital admission in a neonate who received antimicrobial therapy during more than three days. Results. Sixty clinical medical charts were reviewed. Gram-negative organisms were the most frequent agents (71.2%) causing nosocomial infections acquired within or outside of the institution. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the agent most frequently identified with 65% of resistance to third generation cephalosporin. Conclusion. Gram-negative are the predominant etiologic agents responsible of nosocomial infections in neonates admitted to the Fundación Cardioinfantil.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Gram-Positive Rods , Infant, Newborn , Mortality , Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods , Sepsis , Fungi , Infections , Anti-Bacterial AgentsABSTRACT
La coloración de Papanicolaou, además de la detección temprana del carcinoma de cuello uterino, brinda información sobre el estado hormonal y es orientativa al diagnóstico de infecciones cervicovaginales. La importancia de su detección y tratamiento radica en que pueden evitarse complicaciones posteriores, como enfermedad pélvica inflamatoria, ruptura prematura de membranas, abortos, sepsis del recién nacido, esterilidad. Se procesaron 251 muestras. Se estudió la correlación entre la información brindada por la coloración de Papanicolaou y el examen microbiológico (observación en fresco y coloración de Gram), con el fin de verificar la utilidad que puede brindar la coloración de Papanicolaou como alerta de las infecciones cervicovaginales. Para clasificar las muestras como vaginosis bacterianas se aplicaron los criterios de Amsel. Sobre el total de las muestras se obtuvo para las vaginosis 80% de correlación. En el caso de las infecciones micóticas el porcentaje representa 69%, valor que asciende a 75% si se consideran las muestras inflamatorias. Para Trichomonas vaginalis se obtuvo 100% de concordancia. La comparación de estos dos procedimientos revela un alto porcentaje de correlación, siendo el examen de Papanicolaou un valioso auxiliar para el diagnóstico de ciertas infecciones cervicovaginales.
The Papanicolaou (Pap) smearis not only a mean of early detection of cervical cancer, but also a cytologic screening which reports on the hormonal condition and helps in the diagnosis of cervicovaginal infections. The importance of the early detection and management of this kind of infections is based on the possibility of preventing from later complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, early breaking of water, abortions, neonatal sepsis and infertility. In order to prove the uses of the Pap-stained smears as a way of diagnosis on potential cervicovaginal infections, 251 samples have been studied focusing on the correlation between the results of Pap-stained smears and those of wet preparations and Gram-stained. The Amsel criteria has been used to classify the samples as Bacterial Vaginosis cases. Taking the Vaginosis cases, 80% of them showed correlation between cytologic and bacteriological techniques. Mycotic infections were detected in 69% of the samples, rate which increased to 75% considering the inflammatory samples. The correlation between the Pap-stained smears and wet preparations/Gram-stained was of 100% for Trichomonas vaginalis samples. In conclusion, there is a high correlation between these two methods that proves the importance of the Pap-stained smears as an auxiliary process for diagnosing specific cervicovaginal infections.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal , Papanicolaou Test , Microbiology , Trichomonas vaginalis , Vaginosis, Bacterial , Gram-Positive Rods , Papanicolaou Test/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
A aplicaçäo de microroganismos visando controle de fungos micotoxigêncos ou detoxificaçäo em armazenagem consiste em uma área promissora, já que reduz contaminaçäo de ecossistema por resíduos agrotóxicos. Visando controle biológico, microorganismos isolados de milho e silagem foram analisados perante efeito anti-F, moniliforme (linhagem 113F) em associaçäo com a detoxificaçäo de fumonisinas. Após análise de 150 isolados, selecionou-se quatro bacilos Gram-positivos e uma levedura com melhor atividade inibitória. O halo de inibiçäo variou de 50 a 72.5 mm usando culturas íntegras e 25 a 52.5 mm, para extrato bruto de cultivo. Os isolados S9, S10, S69 (bacilos esporulados) e SE3071 (levedura) degradaram 43 por cento, 48 por cento, 83 por cento r 57 por cento de FB1 respectivamente, em relaçäo à concentraçäo inicial. O pH aumentou gradativamente com o tempo de incubaçäo