ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Persistent headache is a frequent symptom after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and there is currently limited knowledge about its clinical spectrum and predisposing factors. A subset of patients may be experiencing new daily persistent headache (NDPH) after COVID-19, which is among the most treatment-refractory primary headache syndromes. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Latin America to characterize individuals with persistent headache after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and to identify factors associated with NDPH. Participants over 18 years old who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection and reported persistent headache among their symptoms completed an online survey that included demographics, past medical history, persistent headache clinical characteristics, and COVID-19 vaccination status. Based on participants' responses, NDPH diagnostic criteria were used to group participants into NDPH and non-NDPH groups. Participant data was summarized by descriptive statistics. Student's t and Mann-Whitney U tests were used according to the distribution of quantitative variables. For categorical variables, Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used according to the size of expected frequencies. Binomial logistic regression using the backward stepwise selection method was performed to identify factors associated with NDPH. RESULTS: Four hundred and twenty-one participants from 11 Latin American countries met the inclusion criteria. One in four participants met the NDPH diagnostic criteria. The mean age was 40 years, with most participants being female (82%). Over 90% of the participants reported having had mild/moderate COVID-19. Most participants had a history of headache before developing COVID-19 (58%), mainly migraine type (32%). The most predominant clinical characteristics in the NDPH group were occipital location, severe/unbearable intensity, burning character, and radiating pain (p < 0.05). A higher proportion of anxiety symptoms, sleep problems, myalgia, mental fog, paresthesia, nausea, sweating of the face or forehead, and ageusia or hypogeusia as concomitant symptoms were reported in participants with NDPH (p < 0.05). Palpebral edema as a concomitant symptom during the acute phase of COVID-19, occipital location, and burning character of the headache were risk factors associated with NDPH. CONCLUSION: This is the first study in Latin America that explored the clinical spectrum of NDPH after SARS-CoV-2 infection and its associated factors. Clinical evaluation of COVID-19 patients presenting with persistent headache should take into consideration NDPH.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Headache Disorders , Humans , Female , Adult , Adolescent , Male , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Latin America/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 Vaccines , Headache Disorders/diagnosis , Headache Disorders/etiology , Headache/epidemiology , Headache/etiologyABSTRACT
The constellation of fevers accompanied by headache and vomiting is a red flag for clinicians that appropriately triggers evaluation for meningitis and other life-threatening diagnoses. When symptoms persist even after these conditions are ruled out, patient care becomes more challenging. We present the case of a 6-year-old male with a history of autism spectrum disorder who presented with 6 months of headaches and associated vomiting and intermittent fevers with negative infectious workup despite cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Serial neuroimaging and laboratory evaluation ultimately led to a diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) presenting as aseptic meningitis. The clinical and radiographic findings of MOGAD are widely variable and overlap with several other inflammatory conditions, which makes diagnosis challenging. This case highlights the importance of recognizing this rare MOGAD presentation as an infectious meningitis mimic.
Subject(s)
Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein , Humans , Male , Diagnosis, Differential , Child , Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/immunology , Headache Disorders/etiology , Headache Disorders/diagnosis , Meningitis, Aseptic/diagnosis , Meningitis/diagnosis , Headache/etiologyABSTRACT
The Brazilian Lyme-disease-like illness (BLDLI) or Baggio-Yoshinari syndrome is a unique zoonosis found in Brazil. It reproduces all the clinical symptoms of Lyme disease except for the high frequencies of relapse and the presence of autoimmune manifestations. Two cases of borreliosis manifesting with unremitting headache, which is a symptom associated with late-stage BLDLI, were presented. Clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of the BLDLI and its associated headaches were showed and discussed in this article. BLDLI diagnosis requires additional attention by physicians, since the disease has a tendency to progress to the late, recurrent stage or the chronic form, and the associated headache can be confused with chronic primary headache or with analgesic-overuse one. Special attention should be paid to patients with headaches who have traveled to endemic areas.
A doença de Lyme símile brasileira (BLDLI) ou síndrome de Baggio-Yoshinari é uma zoonose diferenciada encontrada no Brasil. Ela reproduz todos os sintomas clínicos da doença de Lyme, exceto as altas frequências de recidivas e a presença de manifestações autoimunes. Dois casos de borreliose, manifestando-se com cefaleia incessante, que é um sintoma associado à fase tardia da BLDLI, foram apresentados. Os aspectos clínicos, terapêuticos e prognósticos da BLDLI, bem como as cefaleias associadas com a doença de Lyme, foram mostrados e discutidos. O diagnóstico da BLDLI requer maior atenção dos médicos, já que a doença tende a progredir em seu estágio tardio, na forma recorrente ou crônica, e a cefaleia pode ser confundida com cronificação primária ou por abuso excessivo de analgésicos. Atenção especial deve ser dada aos pacientes que viajaram para áreas endêmicas.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Borrelia burgdorferi Group , Headache Disorders/etiology , Lyme Disease/complications , Brazil , Chronic Disease , Lyme Disease/diagnosis , Lyme Disease/therapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The influence of prenatal events on the development of headaches at childhood has not been investigated and is the scope of our study. Of 2,173 children identified as the target sample, consents and analyzable data were provided by 1,440 (77 percent). Parents responded to a standardized questionnaire with a validated headache module and specific questions about prenatal exposures. Odds of chronic daily headache (CDH) were significantly higher when maternal tabagism was reported. When active and passive smoking were reported, odds ratio (OR) of CDH were 2.29 [95 percent confidence intervals (CI)=1.6 vs. 3.6)]; for active tabagism, OR=4.2 (95 percent CI=2.1-8.5). Alcohol use more than doubled the chance of CDH (24 percent vs. 11 percent, OR=2.3, 95 percent CI=1.2-4.7). In multivariate analyses, adjustments did not substantially change the smoking/CDH association. Prenatal exposure to tobacco and alcohol are associated with increased rates of CDH onset in preadolescent children.
A influência de eventos pré-natais na fisiopatogenia das cefaleias na infância ainda não foi investigada e é o objetivo desse estudo. Da amostra-alvo de 2.173 crianças, um consentimento pós-informado e dados suficientes para as análises foram obtidos de 1.440 (77 por cento). Os pais responderam a um questionário padrão com um módulo de cefaleia validado na população brasileira e questões específicas sobre antecedentes pré-natais. O risco de cefaleia crônica diária (CCD) foi significativamente maior nas crianças cujas mães fumaram durante a gestação. Quando presentes tabagismo ativo e passivo, o risco (OR) de CCD foi de 2,29 [intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95 por cento=1,6-3,6)]; para tabagismo ativo, OR=4,2 (IC 95 por cento=2,1-8,5). O uso de álcool durante a gestação dobrou o risco de CCD (24 por cento vs. 11 por cento, OR=2,3, IC 95 por cento=1,2-4,7). Nas análises multivariadas, os ajustes não modificaram, substancialmente a associação entre tabagismo materno durante a gestação e CCD. A exposição pré-natal ao tabaco e ao álcool encontra-se associada à CCD de início na infância.
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Central Nervous System Depressants/adverse effects , Ethanol/adverse effects , Headache Disorders/etiology , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/etiology , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Age Factors , Multivariate Analysis , Pilot ProjectsABSTRACT
OBJETIVE: To investigate the most prevalent forms of headache in a tertiary outpatient service, and to assess the frequency of associated parafunctional habits and temporomandibular dysfunction symptoms (TMD). METHOD: All new patients referred to the Headache Outpatient Service in UNIMES during 2008 were prospectively assessed by the neurologist and the dental surgeon. RESULTS: Eighty new patients were assessed; chronic migraine and episodic migraine without aura were the most prevalent conditions, accounting for 66.3 percent of all cases. There was significantly higher use of analgesics/days for the chronic migraine patients. The prevalence of parafunctional habits was 47.5 percent and the prevalence of TMD symptoms was 35 percent. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of primary headaches, parafunctional habits and TMD symptoms and the inadequate use of analgesic drugs suggest that primary healthcare units need further training in the field of headache and orofacial pain.
OBJETIVO: Investigar as formas prevalentes de cefaléia em um ambulatório terciário e analisar a frequência de hábitos parafuncionais e de sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) associados. MÉTODO: Todos os pacientes novos encaminhados ao Serviço de Cefaléias da UNIMES durante 2008 foram avaliados de forma prospectiva pelo neurologista e pelo cirurgião dentista. RESULTADOS: Oitenta pacientes novos foram avaliados; enxaqueca crônica e enxaqueca episódica sem aura foram as condições mais prevalentes, perfazendo 66,3 por cento de todos os casos. Houve uso significativamente alto de analgésicos/dias pelos pacientes com enxaqueca crônica. A prevalência de hábitos parafuncionais foi 47,5 por cento e a prevalência de sintomas de DTM foi 35 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: A alta prevalência de cefaléias primárias, hábitos parafuncionais, sintomas de DTM e o uso inadequado de drogas analgésicas sugerem que as unidades básicas de saúde necessitam maior treinamento no campo da cefaléia e da dor orofacial.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Analgesics/administration & dosage , Headache Disorders/etiology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/complications , Tooth Diseases/complications , Analgesics/adverse effects , Brazil/epidemiology , Chronic Disease , Headache Disorders/epidemiology , Headache Disorders/physiopathology , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/epidemiology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology , Tooth Diseases/epidemiology , Tooth Diseases/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Headache is the most frequent symptom that makes patients to attend a neurologists office. Is a very common reason to attend general physician as well, so is very important to know how to do a correct diagnosis between primary and secondary headache and to treat the most frequent ones. This review includes migraine, tension type headache and others, from a clinical perspective, with special focuses on clinical clues that allow clinicians a more specific diagnosis and treatment. We want to emphasize how rational treatment should be prescribed and how to avoid rebound headache and others complications related to certain drugs, in particular ergotamines.
Subject(s)
Humans , Migraine Disorders/diagnosis , Migraine Disorders/therapy , Headache Disorders/diagnosis , Headache Disorders/therapy , Migraine Disorders/etiology , Migraine Disorders/physiopathology , Headache Disorders/etiology , Headache Disorders/physiopathologyABSTRACT
La cefalea es un síntoma de consulta frecuente. En niños la cefalea vascular (migraña) es la más común. Al no existir un marcador biológico para el diagnóstico de cefalea, la existencia de una clasificación con criterios exactos cobra gran relevancia para el diagnóstico, estudio y tratamiento. En 1988, la Sociedad Internacional de la Cefalea (IHS, sigla de International Headache Society) publicó un sistema de clasificación basado en el consenso de expertos que representó un progreso importante en la definición de criterios diagnósticos comunes. Su uso permitió reconocer algunas falencias lo que llevó a una nueva clasificación por la IHS en el año 2003. El objetivo de este artículo es difundir esta nueva clasificación, compararla con la clasificación del IHS del año 1988 y destacar las nuevas categorías incluidas en esta clasificación.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Headache/classification , Headache/etiology , Headache/pathology , Migraine Disorders/classification , Migraine Disorders/diagnosis , Migraine Disorders/etiology , Migraine Disorders/pathology , Headache Disorders/diagnosis , Headache Disorders/etiology , Headache Disorders/pathologyABSTRACT
As cefaléias crônicas diárias (CCD) representam um grupo de cefaléias com frequência diária ou quase diária, por mais de 6 meses. Embora de ocorrência comum, não é bem definida levando a controvérsias quanto a sua identificação, nomenclatura e abordagem. Foram estudados retrospectivamente 300 pacientes (232 mulheres e 68 homens), com idades entre 16 e 86 anos (média de 38 para as mulheres e 42 para os homens) de um centro especializado em cefaléias, que preencheram os critérios propostos por Silberstein e col.1,2 para as CCD primárias e apresentavam cefaléia 28 dias por mês. Os aspectos clínicos permitiram os diagnósticos das cefaléias primárias, antes da evolução para CCD como: migrânea transformada (MT) em 271 pacientes (90,3 per cent), cefaléia do tipo tensional crônica (CTTC) em 26 pacientes (8,7 per cent) e cefaléia persistente diária de início súbito (CPDIS) em 3 pacientes (1 per cent). Entre os pacientes com MT, cefaléia fronto-temporal bilateral em peso ou pressão moderada, com duração não contínua e reinicio leve e progressivo foi o mais observado. A dor era associada a náusea em aproximadamente 60 per cent dos pacientes e a fonofobia em 32 per cent. Fotofobia, associação com distúrbios do sono e a ocorrência de crises intermitentes, variaram entre homens e mulheres. Entre os pacientes com CTTC, predominou dor fronto-temporal em peso ou pressão moderada, não contínua e sem sintomas associados, porém com distúrbios do sono na maioria dos pacientes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Headache Disorders/physiopathology , Aged, 80 and over , Headache Disorders/diagnosis , Headache Disorders/etiology , Migraine Disorders/complications , Migraine Disorders/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Tension-Type Headache/complications , Tension-Type Headache/diagnosis , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Os AA estudam 13 pacientes com dores de cabeça ocorrendo diária ou, praticamente, diariamente (mais de 20 dias por mês), há vários anos (mínimo de 1 e máximo de 45). Nenhum deles tinha história pregressa de migrânea ou de cefaléia de qualquer outra modalidade, nem de uso abusivo de qualquer tipo de medicamento. A dor era exclusivamente pulsátil, em 6; pulsátil e constrictiva em 4; pulsátil, constrictiva e em ardência em 2 e pulsátil e em pontadas no último. Era localizada bilateralmente em 5; bilateral e difusa em outros 5; hemicraniana e bilateral em 1; hemicraniana e difusa em outro e difusa no último. Um outro fato que chamou a atenção dos AA, foi a alta incidência de distúrbios do sono, do humor e da ansiedade que se encontravam associados: labilidade emocional em 13, ansiedade em 12, distúrbios do sono em 11, depressão em 5, pessimismo em 4 e, finalmente, irritabilidade em 3. Os AA não conseguiram enquadrar seus pacientes dentro de nenhuma das modalidades de cefaléias inclusas na denominação de cefaléia crônica diária