ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Treatment decisions for leptomeningeal disease (LMD) rely on patient risk stratification, since clinicians lack objective prognostic tools. The introduction of rare cell capture technology for identification of cerebrospinal fluid tumor cells (CSF-TCs), such as CNSide assay, improved the sensitivity of LMD diagnosis, but prognostic value is unknown. This study assesses the prognostic value of CSF-TC density in patients with LMD from solid tumors. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed or previously treated LMD from a single institution who had CNSide assay testing for CSF-TCs from 2020 to 2023. Univariable and multivariable survival analyses were conducted with Cox proportional-hazards modeling. Maximally-selected rank statistics were used to determine an optimal cutpoint for CSF-TC density and survival. RESULTS: Of 31 patients, 29 had CSF-TCs detected on CNSide. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) CSF-TC density was 67.8 (4.7-639) TCs/mL. CSF cytology was positive in 16 of 29 patients with positive CNSide (CNSide diagnostic sensitivity = 93.5%, negative predictive value = 85.7%). Median (IQR) survival from time of CSF-TC detection was 176 (89-481) days. On univariable and multivariable analysis, CSF-TC density was significantly associated with survival. An optimal cutpoint for dichotomizing survival by CSF-TC density was 19.34 TCs/mL. The time-dependent sensitivity and specificity for survival using this stratification were 76% and 67% at 6 months and 65% and 67% at 1 year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: CSF-TC density may carry prognostic value in patients with LMD from solid tumors. Integrating CSF-TC density into LMD patient risk-stratification may help guide treatment decisions.
Subject(s)
Meningeal Neoplasms , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Female , Male , Prognosis , Middle Aged , Meningeal Neoplasms/cerebrospinal fluid , Meningeal Neoplasms/mortality , Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology , Aged , Adult , Survival Rate , Follow-Up Studies , Neoplasms/cerebrospinal fluid , Neoplasms/mortality , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasms/pathology , Meningeal Carcinomatosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Meningeal Carcinomatosis/diagnosis , Meningeal Carcinomatosis/mortality , Cell CountABSTRACT
La carcinomatosis meníngea (CM) es una diseminación difusa de células tumorales en el interior del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) y/o las leptomeninges con siembras difusas de tumores metastásicos sobre ellas. Esta enfermedad ocurre en aproximadamenteel 8 por ciento de las neoplasias malignas. En este trabajo se hace referencia a una paciente femenina pre-escolar de 4 años de edad, debutó con una cefalea bifrontal matutina y ocasionales, acompañadas de vómitos que se hicieron cada vez más frecuentes y que la llevaron a la pérdida de peso progresivo, luego se acompañaba de ataxia troncular, en una RMN se evidenció una lesión tumoral de la fosa posterior, que producía hidrocefalia triventricular, fue intervenida quirúrgicamente donde se realizó exéresis total del tumor. La paciente tuvo una evolución postquirúrgica inmediata favorable, pero luego presentó múltiples complicaciones, luego de mejorar se vuelve a estudiar con RMN donde se mostró un engrosamiento difuso de las meninges que por biopsia se confirmó una invasión leptomeningea del tumor primario operado.