ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Most moderate-to-late-preterm infants need nutritional support until they are feeding exclusively on their mother's breast milk. Evidence to guide nutrition strategies for these infants is lacking. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, factorial, randomized trial involving infants born at 32 weeks 0 days' to 35 weeks 6 days' gestation who had intravenous access and whose mothers intended to breast-feed. Each infant was assigned to three interventions or their comparators: intravenous amino acid solution (parenteral nutrition) or dextrose solution until full feeding with milk was established; milk supplement given when maternal milk was insufficient or mother's breast milk exclusively with no supplementation; and taste and smell exposure before gastric-tube feeding or no taste and smell exposure. The primary outcome for the parenteral nutrition and the milk supplement interventions was the body-fat percentage at 4 months of corrected gestational age, and the primary outcome for the taste and smell intervention was the time to full enteral feeding (150 ml per kilogram of body weight per day or exclusive breast-feeding). RESULTS: A total of 532 infants (291 boys [55%]) were included in the trial. The mean (±SD) body-fat percentage at 4 months was similar among the infants who received parenteral nutrition and those who received dextrose solution (26.0±5.4% vs. 26.2±5.2%; adjusted mean difference, -0.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.32 to 0.92; P = 0.72) and among the infants who received milk supplement and those who received mother's breast milk exclusively (26.3±5.3% vs. 25.8±5.4%; adjusted mean difference, 0.65; 95% CI, -0.45 to 1.74; P = 0.25). The time to full enteral feeding was similar among the infants who were exposed to taste and smell and those who were not (5.8±1.5 vs. 5.7±1.9 days; P = 0.59). Secondary outcomes were similar across interventions. Serious adverse events occurred in one infant. CONCLUSIONS: This trial of routine nutrition interventions to support moderate-to-late-preterm infants until full nutrition with mother's breast milk was possible did not show any effects on the time to full enteral feeding or on body composition at 4 months of corrected gestational age. (Funded by the Health Research Council of New Zealand and others; DIAMOND Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12616001199404.).
Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , Enteral Nutrition , Infant, Premature , Parenteral Nutrition , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Amino Acids/administration & dosage , Gestational Age , Glucose/administration & dosage , Milk, Human , Smell , Taste , Nutritional Support , Parenteral Nutrition Solutions/therapeutic use , AdiposityABSTRACT
Las infecciones nosocomiales ocurren durante las 48-72 horas después del ingreso a un centro de salud o luego de un periodo definido tras el alta, uno de los vehículos para este tipo de infección son las soluciones parenterales (SP) y los medicamentos en frascos multidosis (FMD). Se determinó la frecuencia de contaminación extrínseca de SP y FMD en algunos servicios de hospitalización del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Ruiz y Páez en Ciudad Bolívar-Venezuela. Se analizaron 95 SP y 82 FMD para un total de 177 muestras, las cuales se cultivaron y los microorganismos aislados fueron identificados a través de pruebas bioquímicas convencionales. De las 177 muestras evaluadas, 42 (23,73%) presentaron crecimiento de microorganismos. El 27,36% de las SP y el 19,51% de los FMD resultaron contaminados. Los microorganismos más frecuentemente aislados fueron Bacillus sp. (55,30%), Candida albicans (14,88%) y Staphylococcus coagulasa negativos (8,52%). Se concluyó que durante el periodo estudiado en las soluciones parenterales predominó la contaminación por microorganismos ambientales, mientras que las levaduras predominaron en los frascos multidosis especialmente en los de sulfato de magnesio.
Nosocomial infections occur during the 48-72 hours after admission to a health centre or after a defined period after discharge, one of the vehicles for this type of infection are the parenterals solutions (PS) and parenteral drugs in multidose vials (MDV). We determinated the prevalence of extrinsic contamination of PS and MDV hospitalization in some services of the Hospital Universitario Ruiz and Páez in Ciudad Bolívar-Venezuela. We analyzed 95 PS and 82 MDV for a total of 177 samples, which were cultivated and isolated microorganisms were identified by conventional biochemical tests. Of the 177 samples tested, 42 (23.73%) had growth of microorganisms. The 27.36% of the PS and the 19.51% of MDV were contaminated. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Bacillus sp. (55.30%), Candida albicans (14.88%) and coagulase negative Staphylococcus (8.52%). It was concluded that during the period studied in parenteral solutions prevailing contamination by environmental microorganisms, while yeast predominated in especially in multidose vials of magnesium sulfate.