ABSTRACT
A study of the faecal microbiome in three healthy female rhesus macaques revealed the presence of a novel obligately anaerobic, chemoorganoheterotrophic, non-sporing, coccoid, non-motile, Gram-stain-positive bacterial species. Three strains of this species, designated as M108T, M916-1/1, and M919-2/1, were non-haemolytic, H2S-positive, catalase-positive, bile- and NaCl-sensitive and required peptone for growth. Strains also were asaccharolytic, able to utilize sulfite, thiosulfate and elemental sulfur as electron acceptors, and produced acetic and butyric acids as metabolic end-products. Strain M108T is characterized by the prevalence of C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9cis dimethyl acetal among the cellular fatty acids, and the presence of MK-10 menaquinone. The DNA G+C content was found to be 51 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains M108T, M916-1/1 and M919-2/1 placed these strains into the genus Peptococcus (family Peptococcaceae). On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic properties we conclude that these strains represent a novel bacterial species for which the name Peptococcus simiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M108T (=DSM 100347T=VKM B-2932T).
Subject(s)
Macaca mulatta/microbiology , Peptococcus/classification , Phylogeny , Animals , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Base Composition , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Fatty Acids/chemistry , Feces/microbiology , Female , Peptococcus/genetics , Peptococcus/isolation & purification , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives , Ubiquinone/chemistryABSTRACT
The oral microbiota plays a critical role in both local and systemic inflammation. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by low-grade inflammation, and many studies have been conducted on the gut microbiota from stool specimens. However, the etiological role of the oral microbiota in the development of MetS is unclear. In this study, we analyzed the oral and gut microbiome from 228 subgingival plaque and fecal samples from a Korean twin-family cohort with and without MetS. Significant differences in microbial diversity and composition were observed in both anatomical niches. However, a host genetic effect on the oral microbiota was not observed. A co-occurrence network analysis showed distinct microbiota clusters that were dependent on the MetS status. A comprehensive analysis of the oral microbiome identified Granulicatella and Neisseria as bacteria enriched in subjects with MetS and Peptococcus as bacteria abundant in healthy controls. Validation of the identified oral bacteria by quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed that healthy controls possessed significantly lower levels of G. adiacens (p = 0.023) and a higher ratio of Peptococcus to Granulicatella (p < 0.05) than MetS subjects. Our results support that local oral microbiota can be associated with systemic disorders. The microbial biomarkers identified in this study would aid in determination of which individuals develop chronic diseases from their MetS and contribute to strategic disease management.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers/analysis , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Microbiota , Mouth/microbiology , Adult , Aged , Carnobacteriaceae/genetics , Carnobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Feces/microbiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neisseria/genetics , Neisseria/isolation & purification , Peptococcus/genetics , Peptococcus/isolation & purification , Real-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Faecal microbial communities in South African Windsnyer-type indigenous pigs (SAWIPs) and Large White × Landrace (LW × LR) crosses were investigated using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rDNA genes. The faecal microbial communities in LW × LR crosses and SAWIPs fed control (CON) and high maize cob (HMC) diets were evaluated through parallel sequencing of 16S rDNA genes. Butrivibrio, Faecalibacterium and Desulfovibrio, although present in LW × LR pigs, were absent from the SAWIP microbial community. Bacteroides, Succiniclasticum, Peptococcus and Akkermansia were found in SAWIPs but not in LW × LR crosses. The ratios of Bacteroidia to Clostridia on the CON and HMC diets were similar (0.37 versus 0.39) in SAWIPs but different (0.24 versus 0.1) in LW × LR crosses. The faecal microbial profiles determined were different between the LW × LR and SAWIP breeds but not between pigs fed the CON and HMC diets. The composition of faecal bacterial communities in SAWIPs was determined for the first time. The differences in microbial communities detected may explain the enhanced ability of SAWIPs to digest fibrous diets compared with the LW × LR crosses.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed , Feces/microbiology , Intestines/microbiology , Microbial Consortia , Sus scrofa/classification , Sus scrofa/microbiology , Zea mays , Animals , Bacteroides/genetics , Bacteroides/isolation & purification , Clostridium/genetics , Clostridium/isolation & purification , Desulfovibrio/genetics , Desulfovibrio/isolation & purification , Diet/standards , Diet/veterinary , Dietary Fiber/metabolism , Fermentation , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Metagenomics , Peptococcus/genetics , Peptococcus/isolation & purification , South Africa , Sus scrofa/physiology , SwineABSTRACT
A 1330 base-pair fragment of a 16S rRNA gene has been amplified, cloned and sequenced. Comparison to other 16S rRNA sequences of eubacteria showed that P. niger represents a deep branch within the subdivision "Gram-positive with Gram-negative cell walls". It is not related to peptostreptococci, representatives of this genus studied so far are more closely related to clostridia.