Duo photoprotective effect via silica-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles and Vitamin C nanovesicles composites.

OBJECTIVE: Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used widely in nowadays personal care products, especially sunscreens, as a protector against UV irradiation. Yet, they have some reports of potential toxicity. Silica is widely used to cage ZnO NPs to reduce their potential toxicity. Vitamin C derivative, Magnesium Ascorpyl Phosphate (MAP), is a potent antioxidant that can efficiently protect human skin from harmful impacts of UV irradiation and oxidative stress. The combination of silica coated ZnO NPs and MAP nanovesicles could have potential synergistic protective effect against skin photodamage. METHODS: Silica coated ZnO NPs and MAP nanovesicles (ethosomes and niosomes) were synthesized, formulated, and evaluated as topical gels. These gel formulations were evaluated in mice for their photoprotective effect against UV irradiation through histopathology and immuno-histochemistry study. Split-face clinical study was conducted to compare the effect of application of silica coated ZnO NPs either alone or combined with MAP nanovesicles. Their photoprotective action was evaluated, using Antera 3D® camera, for melanin level, roughness index and wrinkles depth. RESULTS: Silica coated ZnO NPs when combined with MAP nanovesicles protected mice skin from UV irradiation and decreased the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines, NF-κB. Clinically, silica coated ZnO NPs, alone or combined with MAP nanovesicles, could have significant effect to decrease melanin level, roughness index and wrinkles depth with higher effect for the combination. CONCLUSION: A composite of silica coated ZnO NPs and MAP nanovesicles could be a promising cosmetic formulation for skin protection against photodamage signs such as hyperpigmentation, roughness, and wrinkles.

Effects of nano zinc oxide and nano chitosan on the taste masking paracetamol granules.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the taste masking of Paracetamol granules in the range of 250-850 µm, coated by two nanocomposites prepared from Eudragit® E100, nanozinc oxide, and nanochitosan, respectively, from 1 to 5% by the weight of the granules. METHODS: In this study, Paracetamol granules were coated in several formulas with two different types of nanocomposites (polymeric and mineral) on two sizes of granules to reduce bitter taste and with the FBC method and pH-sensitive polymers (Eudragit® E100). RESULTS: The effect of nanoparticles (Nano zinc oxide and Nanochitosan) on taste-masking Paracetamol was studied with dissolution-coated granules in vitro by simulating in the oral (pH 6.8) range. Based on the results of the studies, the rate of drug release was confirmed by the taste test, and the formulated granule with 5% nano-chitosan (F14) had the best bitter taste mask function of all samples. These results were also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, which showed a smoother and more stable surface than the samples obtained from other formulations. CONCLUSION: In the comparison of the release of two types of nanocomposites in the dissolution test, it was shown that the type B granules of Paracetamol's 5% nano-chitosan-coated granule (F14) were released 99% less than Paracetamol's 5% nano-ZnO-coated granule (F11). and Paracetamol's 1% nano-chitosan-coated granule (F12) was released 91% less than Paracetamol's 1% nano-ZnO-coated granule (F9). The results showed that nano-chitosan-coated granules have better coverage of bitter taste instead of nano-ZnO.

Bone characteristics, pre-caecal phytate degradation, mineral digestibility and tissue expression were marginally affected by zinc level and source in phytase-supplemented diets in 21-day-old broiler chickens.

1. This study determined the effect of dietary Zn concentration and source in phytase-supplemented diets on bone mineralisation, gastrointestinal phytate breakdown, mRNA-level gene expression (in jejunum, liver and Pectoralis major muscle) and growth performance in broiler chickens.2. Male Cobb 500 broilers were housed in floor pens (d 0-d 21) to test seven treatments with six replicate pens (12 birds per pen). Diets were arranged in a 2 × 3 + 1-factorial arrangement. The experimental factors were Zn source (Zn-oxide (ZnO) or Zn-glycinate (ZnGly) and Zn supplementation level (10, 30 or 50 mg/kg of diet). A maize-soybean meal-based diet without supplementation and formulated to contain 28 mg Zn/kg (analysed to be 35 mg Zn/kg), served as a control.3. Zinc source and level did not influence (p > 0.05) bone ash concentration and quantity or mineral concentrations in bone ash. Tibia thickness was greater in the treatment ZnO10 than in the treatments ZnO30 and ZnGly50 (Zn level × Zn source: p = 0.036), but width and breaking strength were not affected.4. Pre-caecal P digestibility and concentrations of phytate breakdown products in the ileum, except for InsP5, were not affected by Zn source or level. Only the expression of EIF4EBP1 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1) and FBXO32 (F-box only protein 32) in Pectoralis major muscle was affected by source, where expression was increased in ZnO compared to ZnGly diets (p < 0.05).5. In conclusion, Zn level and source did not affect gastrointestinal phytate degradation and bone mineralisation in phytase-supplemented diets. The intrinsic Zn concentration appeared to be sufficient for maximum bone Zn deposition under the conditions of the present study but requires validation in longer-term trials.

Naringenin-Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites Amalgamated Polymeric Gel Augmented Drug Delivery and Attenuated Experimental Cutaneous Candidiasis in Balb/c Mice: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

Naringenin (NRG) inhibits the fungal 17ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase accountable for ergosterol synthesis in Candida albicans (C. albicans), a causative agent for cutaneous candidiasis. In present research, NRG was complexed with ZnO nanomaterial (NRG-Zn2+) to synthesize NRG-Zn2+ nanocomposites. The particle size and ζ-potential of NRG-Zn2+ nanocomposites were respectively estimated to be 180.33 ± 1.22-nm and - 3.92 ± 0.35-mV. In silico data predicted the greater affinity of NRG-Zn2+ nanocomposite for 14α-demethylase and ceramide in comparison to NRG alone. Later, NRG-Zn2+ nanocomposites solution was transformed in to naringenin-zinc oxide nanocomposites loaded chitosan gel (NRG-Zn-CS-Gel) with viscosity and firmness of 854806.7 ± 52386.43 cP and 698.27 ± 10.35 g, respectively. The ex-vivo skin permeation demonstrated 70.49 ± 5.22% skin retention, significantly greater (P < 0.05) than 44.48 ± 3.06% of naringenin loaded chitosan gel (NRG-CS-Gel) and 31.24 ± 3.28% of naringenin solution (NRG Solution). NRG-Zn-CS-Gel demonstrated 6.71 ± 0.84% permeation of NRG with a flux value of 0.046 ± 0.01-µg/cm2/h. The MIC50 of NRG-Zn-CS-Gel against C. albicans was estimated to be 0.156-µg/mL with FICI (fractional inhibitory concentration index) of 0.018 that consequently exhibited synergistic efficacy. Further, NRG-Zn-CS-Gel demonstrated superior antifungal efficacy in C. albicans induced cutaneous candidiasis infection in Balb/c mice. The fungal burden in NRG-Zn-CS-Gel treated group was 109 ± 25 CFU/mL, significantly lower (P < 0.05) than positive control (2260 ± 446 CFU/mL), naringenin loaded chitosan gel (NRG-CS-Gel; 928 ± 127 CFU/mL) and chitosan gel (CS-Gel; 2116 ± 186 CFU/mL) treated mice. Further, histopathology examination and cytokine profiling of TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-10 revealed the healing of skin and inflammation associated with cutaneous candidiasis infection. In conclusion, NRG-Zn-CS-Gel may be a potential candidate for translating in to a clinical viable topical nanotherapeutic.

Reproductive performance of freshwater snail, Helisoma duryi under the effect of bulk and nano zinc oxide.

Nanotechnology has been used to apply nanoparticle essential elements to enhance the ability of animals to absorb these elements and consequently improve their reproductive performance. High concentrations of nanoparticles (NPs) can directly harm a range of aquatic life forms, ultimately contributing to a decline in biodiversity. Helisoma duryi snails are a good model for studying the toxicological effects of bulk zinc oxide (ZnO-BPs) and nano zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) on freshwater gastropods. This study aimed to compare the toxic effects of ZnO-BPs and ZnO-NPs on H. duryi snails and explore how waterborne and dietary exposure influenced the reproductive performance of this snail. ZnO-BPs and ZnO-NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray powder (XRD). This study revealed that the size of ZnO-BPs and ZnO-NPs were 154 nm and 11-31 nm, respectively. The results showed that exposure of adult snails to sub-lethal concentrations of both ZnO forms (bulk and nano) for 24 h/week for 4 weeks markedly changed their reproductive performance in a concentration-dependent manner, where fecundity was negatively affected by high concentrations. It was concluded that dietary exposure to the lowest tested concentration of ZnO-NPs (1 ppm) has a positive effect as the number of eggs and egg masses/snails increased and the incubation period decreased. Also, poly-vitelline eggs (The formation of twins) were observed. ZnO-NPs at low concentrations positively affect the reproductive performance of snails, especially after dietary exposure. The results revealed that 1 ppm ZnO-NPs could be supplementary provided to snails to improve their fertility, reduce the developmental time course, increase hatchability percentage, and produce poly-vitelline eggs.

Fabrication and characterization of apremilast-loaded zinc oxide-mesoporous silica nanoparticles for psoriasis treatment.

Aim: The study was aimed to formulate and evaluate apremilast-loaded zinc oxide-mesoporous silica nanoparticles for treatment of psoriasis. Materials & methods: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles were prepared by using sol-gel method and evaluated for particle size, in vitro drug release, in vitro cytotoxicity study and in vivo pharmacodynamic study. Results: The synthesized mesoporous silica nanoparticles showed particle size of 319.9 ± 3.9 nm, with 24 ± 0.217% of loading capacity. In vitro cytotoxicity study on A-431 cell line showed increased anti-psoriatic activity of apremilast-loaded zinc oxide-mesoporous silica nanoparticles. In vivo pharmacodynamic study and histological studies showed improved efficacy of drug in imiquimod-induced psoriasis mice model. Conclusion: The apremilast-loaded zinc oxide-mesoporous silica nanoparticles showed improved therapeutic efficacy, suggesting that they are promising approach for topical treatment of psoriasis.

[Box: see text].

Fabrication of gelatin-based antibacterial bilayer wound dressing using direct writing and electrospinning methods.

Fabricating a fibrous well-ordered wound dressing for accelerating full-thickness wounds is a desirable treatment vector. Here, through modifications in the material extrusion device and adding a pneumatic-based injection, a material extrusion method for gelatin was introduced with the ability to fabricate 3D structure with repeat layers to support cell activity for the under layer. Furthermore, in the upper layer, the co-electrospinning of PU with gelatin was designed to simultaneously exploit the oxygen permeability and mechanical stability of PU with regenerative properties and collagen-like structure of gelatin. Moreover, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) was added into the 3D-printed under layer to synergistically benefit from the antibacterial properties of ZnO and the excellent biocompatibility of gelatin. The controllable porosity of the under layer, enabled through the additive manufacturing method, was adjusted to mimic the extracellular matrix of natural tissue with around (127.28 ± 20.70) µm pore size after swelling with smooth fibers. S. aureus, E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas with inhibition zone diameters at âˆ¼ 2.14 cm and âˆ¼ 1.96 cm, ∼ 4.01 cm, and âˆ¼ 2.24 cm, respectively. Moreover, the scaffold showed great biocompatibility toward fibroblast cells after 7 days of cell culture with âˆ¼ 89 % cell viability.

Examining the Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Bulk Zinc Oxide on Rat Brain Functions: a Comprehensive Neurobehavioral, Antioxidant, Gene Expression, and Histopathological Investigation.

The study aimed to assess the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on rats' neurobehavior compared to bulk zinc oxide (BZnO). Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups. The control group received Tween 80 (10%), while the ZnONP groups were given ZnONPs at 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight dosages, and the bulk zinc oxide (BZnO) groups received BZnO at the same dosages. Behavioral observations, neurobehavioral examinations, and assessments of brain tissue oxidative markers, neurotransmitter levels, and histopathological changes were performed. The results indicated that ZnONP at a dosage of 5 mg/kg improved general behavior, locomotor activity, memory, and recognition and reduced fearfulness in rats. Conversely, the higher dosage of 10 mg/kg and the bulk form had adverse effects on general behavior, locomotor activity, and learning ability, with the bulk form demonstrating the most severe impact-znONP-5 treatment increased antioxidant enzyme levels and decreased inflammatory markers. BZnO-5 exhibited lower oxidative stress markers, although still higher than BZnO-10. Furthermore, ZnONP-5 and BZnO-5 increased neurotransmitter levels compared to higher dosages. ZnONP-5 upregulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA, while BZnO-5 showed increased BDNF mRNA expression and decreased expression of genes related to apoptosis and inflammation. In summary, ZnONPs at 5 mg/kg demonstrated positive effects on rat brain function and behavior, while higher dosages and the bulk form had detrimental effects. In conclusion, the studies emphasized the importance of further assessing various doses and forms of zinc oxide on brain health, highlighting the significance of dosage considerations when using nanomaterials.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded with linalool as a potential control agent of malaria infection.

This research aimed to produce and analyze zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) loaded with linalool (LZNPs), and to evaluate their in vitro and in vivo efficacy through targeting the inflammation and oxidative stress. LZNPs were synthesized using an ethanolic solution of polyvinyl alcohol. The Malstat technique was used to evaluate the effectiveness of LZNPs against both sensitive and resistant strains of Plasmosium falciparum. In vivo effects of ZNPs and LZNPs on parasite growth suppression, survival rate, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant genes, and gene and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by Real-time PCR and Western blot techniques. The results indicated that LZNPs demonstrated noteworthy (P < 0.001) antiplasmodial activity against both susceptible and resistant strains of P. falciparum. P. berghei NK65 strain-infected mice treated with the ZNPs and LZNPs at doses of 5-15 mg/kg notably (p < 0.001) increased the survival rates and parasite growth suppression. LZNPs at 5-15 mg/kg demonstrated a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in oxidative stress markers, increased the expression level of antioxidant genes, and reduced the gene and protein expression level of inflammatory cytokines. The current experimental study demonstrated the potent in vitro antiplasmodial activity of LZNPs against chloroquine-resistant and sensitive strains of P. falciparum compared to ZNPs alone. Additionally, the study identified the potential benefits of this nanocomposite in suppressing the parasite and extending the survival rate in mice infected with P. berghei by targeting inflammation and oxidative stress. It also showed minimal toxicity in liver and kidney function in healthy mice. Nevertheless, further research is essential to elucidate the comprehensive mechanisms and practical effectiveness of LZNPs.

Activity of zinc oxide and zinc borate nanoparticles against resistant bacteria in an experimental lung cancer model.

BACKGROUND: Recent research indicates a prevalence of typical lung infections, such as pneumonia, in lung cancer patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii stand out as antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Given this, there is a growing interest in alternative therapeutic avenues. Boron and zinc derivatives exhibit antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. OBJECTIVES: This research aimed to establish the effectiveness of ZnO and ZB NPs in combating bacterial infections in lung cancer cell lines. METHODS: Initially, this study determined the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and zinc borate (ZB) on chosen benchmark strains. Subsequent steps involved gauging treatment success through a lung cancer-bacteria combined culture and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: The inhibitory impact of ZnO NPs on bacteria was charted as follows: 0.97 µg/mL for K. pneumoniae 700603, 1.95 µg/mL for P. aeruginosa 27853, and 7.81 µg/mL for Acinetobacter baumannii 19,606. In comparison, the antibacterial influence of zinc borate was measured as 7.81 µg/mL for Klebsiella pneumoniae 700603 and 500 µg/mL for both P. aeruginosa 27853 and A.baumannii 19606. After 24 h, the cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs and ZB was analyzed using the MTT technique. The lowest cell viability was marked in the 500 µg/mL ZB NPs group, with a viability rate of 48.83% (P < 0.001). However, marked deviations appeared at ZB concentrations of 61.5 µg/mL (P < 0.05) and ZnO NPs at 125 µg/mL. CONCLUSION: A synergistic microbial inhibitory effect was observed when ZnO NP and ZB were combined against the bacteria under investigation.

Effect of Different amounts of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Performance and Activity of Mucosal Enzymes in Japanese Quail from 1 to 21 Days of Age.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of varying quantities of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on growth performance and mucosal enzyme activity in Japanese quails at an early age. Using a completely randomized experimental design, 160 one-day-old quail chicks were randomly assigned to 4 experimental treatments and each treatment contained 4 replicate pens of 10 birds. The experimental treatments included T1: control (a basal diet containing 35.2 mg Zn only ), T2, T3, and T4 containing basal diet plus 20, 40, and 60 mg ZnO NPs, respectively. Performance characteristics were recorded weekly. After 21 days, one quail was selected and slaughtered from each experimental cage with a body weight equal to the average body weight of quails in the same experimental cage. After slaughtering and opening the abdominal cavity, a 5 cm sample was taken from the jejunum of the small intestine. The jejunum sample was stored at -80°C until the measurement of alkaline phosphatase, amylase, and lipase enzymes. The results showed that live weight was higher in the T3 and T4 groups than in the control group (P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio was also lower in birds fed with basal diets supplemented with 40 and 60 mg ZnO NPs/kg (T3 and T4, respectively), compared to control treatments (P>0.05). The results showed that amylase and lipase activity increased in the birds fed with 40 and 60 mg ZnO NPs/kg of the basal diet, in comparison to the control treatment; however, they were not significant (P>0.05). The results of this study indicated that the addition of 40 or 60 mg ZnO NPs/kg to the basal diet could be used as a supplement to improve performance traits and enhance mucosal enzyme activity in Japanese quail in the starter stage.

Soluções de óxido de zinco e de nitrato de prata como alternativa para antissepsia de tetos de bovinos (teste in situ) / Solutions of Zinc oxide and silver nitrate as an alternative to bovine udder antisepsis

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o potencial das soluções de óxido de zinco e de nitrato de prata como alternativa para antissepsia de tetos de bovinos (in situ), considerando a escassez de literatura a respeito do uso destes compostos na profilaxia de mastites. Primeiramente foram realizados ensaios de microdiluição e CBM (Concentração Bactericida Mínima) a fim de verificar a atividade antimicrobiana das soluções de óxido de zinco e de nitrato de prata sobre 30 isolados de Staphylococcus spp., obtidos de casos de mastite. Todos os isolados apresentaram sensibilidade às duas soluções testadas, mas a solução de nitrato de prata apresentou menores valores de CBMs (3,05 a 97,65 µg/mL), quando comparada as CBMs da solução de óxido de zinco (97,65 a 6.250 µg/mL). Posteriormente, foram conduzidos os ensaios de antissepsia dos tetos (in situ) através da imersão dos mesmos nas soluções antimicrobianas testadas. Para isso, foram utilizados 40 tetos (n=40) oriundos de vacas abatidas, os quais foram divididos em 4 grupos de 10 tetos, destinados ao teste das solução de óxido de zinco a 3% (30mg/mL), de nitrato e prata 1% (10mg/mL) e seus respectivos controles. Os tetos foram submetidos à contagem de microrganismos mesófilos na superfície dos tetos (UFC/cm2) antes e após a imersão nas soluções testadas. Como resultado, todas as soluções (de óxido de zinco e de nitrato de prata) apresentaram significativa redução de UFC/cm2 até aos 60 minutos após a imersão (M 0' a M 60'). A solução de nitrato de prata apresentou redução de UFC/cm2 significativamente maior, quando comparado ao grupo testado com solução de óxido de zinco. Tais resultados validam o potencial das soluções de óxido de zinco e nitrato de prata para utilização no pré e pós-dipping em vacas leiteiras.(AU)

This study aimed to analyze the zinc oxide and silver nitrate solutions as an alternative antiseptic for cow teats (in situ), considering the lack in the literature about these compounds uses in mastitis prophylaxis. First microdilution tests med and MBC (Minimal Bactericidal Concentration were perfor in order to determine the antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide and silver nitrate solutions over 30 Staphylococcus spp. isolates, obtained from cows with mastitis. All strains tested showed sensitivity to both solutions, but the silver nitrate solution had lower MBC values (3,05 to 97,65ug/ml) compared with zinc oxide solution MBCs (97,65 to 6,250 ug/ml). Subsequently, the antiseptic teat tests were conducted (in situ) by immersing the teats in same antimicrobial solutions tested in the first experiment. Therefore, 40 teats were used (n = 40) originating from slaughtered cows were divided into 4 groups of 10 teats, to test test zinc oxide 3% (30mg/mL) and silver nitrate 1% (10mg/mL) solutions and their respective controls. The teats were submitted to mesophilic count on the teat surface (CFU/cm2) before and after immersion in tested solutions. As a result, all the solutions (zinc oxide and silver nitrate) had a significant reduction in CFU/cm2 until 60 minutes after immersion (M 0' to 60 M'). Silver nitrate solution showed a reduction of CFU/cm2 significantly higher compared to the group treated with zinc oxide solution. These results validate the potential use of zinc oxide and silver nitrate solutions in dairy cows as a pre- and post-dipping antiseptic.(AU)

Antimicrobial effect and pH of chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide alone and associated with other materials

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 percent chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate gel, calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and their combination with iodoform and zinc oxide powder as intracanal medications against select microorganisms, and to measure the pH changes caused by these medications. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the agar diffusion method. The zones of growth inhibition were measured and the results were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). The pH of the pastes was measured right after preparation, after 24 h and 1 week later. The largest mean zones of microbial inhibition were produced by 2 percent CHX gel, followed by Ca(OH)2 + 2 percent CHX gel + iodoform, Ca(OH)2 + 2 percent CHX gel, Ca(OH)2 + 2 percent CHX gel + zinc oxide, and Ca(OH)2 + water. The mean pH of all medications stayed above 12.0 during the whole experiment, except for CHX gel (pH=7.0). The results of this study showed that all medications had antimicrobial activity, but the most effective against the tested microorganisms were 2 percent CHX gel, followed by its combination with Ca(OH)2 and iodoform.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar, in vitro, a efetividade antimicrobiana da clorexidina gel 2 por cento (CHX) e hidróxido de cálcio, isoladamente e associados com iodofórmio e pó de óxido de zinco como medicamentos intracanais frente a microrganismos e medidos pHs das diferentes medicações. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pelo método de difusão em ágar. As áreas de inibição de crescimento foram medidas e os resultados estatisticamente analisados utilizando-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05). O pH das pastas foi mensurado após a manipulação, após 24 h e após uma semana. Os resultados mostraram que a maior zona de inibição foi da CHX gel 2 por cento, seguida pelo Ca(OH)2 + 2 por cento CHX gel, Ca(OH)2 + 2 por cento CHX gel + iodofórmio, Ca(OH)2 + 2 por cento CHX gel +óxido de zinco, Ca(OH)2 + água. A média de pH de todos os medicamentos intracanais foi de 12 durante todo o experimento, exceto com CHX gel 2 por cento (pH=7,0). Estes resultados permitiram concluir que todos os medicamentos tiveram atividade antimicrobiana, no entanto, a maior foi da CHX gel 2 por cento, seguido da associação com o Ca(OH)2. e iodofórmio.

Indução a muda forçada em Galinhas D’Angola (Numida meleagris) através do óxido de zinco / Induced molt in Guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) through the use of zinc oxide

Devido à escassez de estudos sobre muda forçada em aves alternativas de produção, este experimento teve o objetivo de realizar a muda forçada em galinhas D’Angola avaliando as perdas de peso corpóreo (PPC) que promovessem os melhores índices produtivos pós-muda. Com este propósito foram utilizadas 110 galinhas D’angola alojadas individualmente em gaiolas de poedeiras comerciais e, posteriormente, submetidas à muda forçada com 20000 ppm de óxido de zinco na ração. Estas passaram 21 dias recebendo ração e água ad libitum. Para análise da PPC relacionada à produtividade pós-muda foram utilizados 60 aves organizadas nos seguintes grupos: 24% (n=18); 26% (n=18); 28% (n=12) e acima de 30% (n=12). As outras 50 aves foram sacrificadas para o estudo do aparelho reprodutor, onde se verificou o tamanho e peso do oviduto e peso do ovário com PPC de 0% e sua regressão à medida que atingiam os níveis de PPC: 24%; 26%; 28% e acima de 30%. A média de retorno produtivo foi 60%, sendo o grupo com PPC de 24% com o melhor índice (100%), no entanto, este apresentou índice de produção insatisfatório juntamente com o grupo de PPC acima de 30%. A muda forçada em Galinhas D’Angola foi viável com índices de PPC em torno de 26% a 28% e inviáveis com níveis abaixo de 24% e acima de 30%. Em relação à regressão do aparelho reprodutor, os melhores resultados produtivos foram em torno de 65,15%, 90,49% e 94,27% para tamanho e peso do oviduto e peso do ovário, respectivamente.

Due to scarcity of studies on forced molt in alternative production birds, this experiment had the objective of performing an induced molt in Guinea Fowls observing the best body weight losses (BWL) that could promote good post-molt productions. With this purpose, 110 Guinea fowls were housed in individual commercial cages and were submitted to induced molt through the addition of zinc oxide in feed with the concentration of 20000 ppm during 21 days and received drinking water ad libitum. In the analysis of BWL related to post-molt productivity, 60 birds were organized in the groups, according to the percentage of BWL: 24% (n=18), 26% (n=18), 28% (n=12) and more than 30% (n=12). The other 50 birds were sacrificed for analyses of the reproductive organs, in which the oviduct size and weight of oviduct and ovary were measured with 0% of BWL and since then the regression of these organs were calculated to 24%, 26%,28% and more than 30% of BWL. The medium of post-molt return to production was 60% and the group of 24% of BWL presented the best productive return (100%), however this group presented an insufficient production rate as the birds with 30% of BWL. In this way, the induced molt in Guinea fowls was viable with BWL around 26 and 28% and unviable with less than 24% or more than 30%. In relation to regression of the reproductive organs the best productive results were 65,15%,90,49% and 94,27% to oviduct size and weight and ovary weight, respectively.

Análise histopatológica comparativa em polpa de dentes de cäes, após pulpotomia e utilizaçäo de pastas a base de hidróxido de cálcio em diferentes veículos / Histopathologic comparative analysis in dogs'vital teeth, after pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide pastes in different vehicles

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar comparativamente, mediante exame histopatológico, a reaçäo do tecido pulpar de dentes permanentes jovens de cäes, após pulpotomia e utilizaçäo de diferentes pastas a base de hidróxido de cálcio: grupo I - hidróxido de cálcio (0,5g) + polietileno glicol 400 (0,3ml); grupo II - hidróxido de cálcio (0,5g) + óxido de zinco (0,25g) + polietileno glicol 400 (0,3ml); grupo III - hidróxido de cálcio (0,5g) + carboximetilcelulose 1,66 por cento (0,5ml); grupo IV - hidróxido de cálcio (0,5g) + óxido de zinco (0,25g) + carboximetilcelulose 1,66 por cento (0,5ml). Com base nos resultados obtidos, pudemos concluir que: 1) as pastas avaliadas apresentaram boa tolerância tecidual, possibilitando evoluçäo reparativa, nos períodos de análise de 45, 90 e 150 dias; 2) em todos os grupos ocorreu formaçäo de barreira mineralizada completa, desenvolvendo-se em quantidade e qualidade, desde a condiçäo de massa amorfa, contendo resíduos diversos e grupamentos pulpares, até esboços de canalículos dentinários e tendência à ortodentina, no decorrer dos períodos, com melhores resultados no grupo II, seguido dos grupos I, IV e III

Estudo preliminar da compatibilidade biológica dos cimentos de óxido de zinco e copaíba e óxido de zinco e eugenol: avaliaçäo histológica de implantes subcutâneos em ratos / Preliminary study of the biological compatibility of a zinc oxide-copaiba and zinc oxide-eugenol cements: histological evaluation of subcutaneous implants in rats

No tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo de 20 ratos foram implantados tubos de polietileno preenchidos com o cimento do óxido de zinco e copaíba (Grupo I) e óxido de zinco e eugneol (Grupo Controle II). Decorridos os períodos de 7, 15, 30 e 60 dias, biópsias foram realizadas e as peças cirúrgicas foram cortadas seriadamente e coradas com hematoxilina e eosina. Aos 7 dias para o Grupo I, houve discreta presença de células inflamatórias, necrose de contato e degradaçäo de fibras colágenas, näo sendo observada a presença de neutrófilos ou de células gigantes. O cone capsular formado junto à abertura tubular apresentou discreta amplitude. Todos estes eventos histopatológicos foram ligeiramente superiores para o Grupo II nos primeiros períodos. Com o decorrer dos períodos, para os dois grupos, todos os eventos analisados reduziram em quantidade, e no último período o tecido conjuntivo da área principal de análise apresentava características histológicas de normalidade, permanecendo o tubo de polietileno totalmente envolto por um tecido fibroso denso. Estes achados sugeriram que o material do Grupo I (OZ copaíba) foi menos irritante que o material do Grupo II (Controle), quando implantados no tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo do rato

Esquema terapéutico en las úlceras de miembros inferiores: experiencia con la bota de Unna modificada / Therapeutic schedule in the lower limb ulcers: experience with modified Unna boot

Las úlceras de miembros inferiores por insuficiencia venosa son una patología frecuente en pacientes por sobre la cuarta década de la vida, incapacitante, refractaria a la terapia y causal de hospitalización prolongada. La Pasta de Unna ha sido uno de los tratamientos más utilizados desde los últimos 100 años. Mostramos en este trabajo los beneficios del uso de un esquema secuencial de la cicatrización completa o preparación para un ulterior injerto de dichas úlceras; esta experiencia se fundamenta en otras investigaciones publicadas con anterioridad. Realizamos un estudio prospectivo en 23 pacientes, de ambos sexos, adultos, con úlceras de miembros inferiores, de diferentes etiologías, durante el periodo comprendido entre enero de 1986 hasta octubre de 1998. Se utilizaron diversos productos cicatrizantes y antibacterianos previos a la aplicación de la Pasta de Unna Modificada, además de un método práctico de utilización de ésta. Del total de 23 pacientes estudiados, la úlcera más frecuente fue por insuficiencia venosa en 21 pacientes (91,30 por ciento). Se excluyeron 6 pacientes por presentar: vasculopatía periférica no venosa, reinfección, evolución tórpida del injerto o retiro de la consulta. Se incluyen 17 pacientes susceptibles de evaluar. La respuesta con cicatrización fue buena en 14 pacientes (82,35 por ciento). Nuestra experiencia demuestra que el reposo, limpieza y antibioticoterapia tópica y/o sistémica previa y el recambio semanal de la bota hasta lograr su epitelización o apta para colocar injerto dermoepidérmico son necesarios. Es un método efectivo para el tratamiento de las úlceras por insuficiencia venosa

Avaliação da atividade antibacteriana de medicação intracanal: três bases fortes e pastas à base de hidróxido de cácio e paramonoclorofenicol canforado / Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of intracanal dressings: three strong bases and pastes containing calcium hydroxide and CMPP

A atividade antibacteriana de três bases fortes e de pastas contendo diferentes proporções de hidróxido de cálcio, óxido de zinco e paramonoclorofenol canforado (PMCC) foi avaliada contra bactérias comumente associadas às infecções endodônticas. A metodologia utilizada foi a difusão em ágar. Foi possível verificar que as bases solúveis (NaOH e KOH) apresentaram efeito inibitório contra todas as cepas, enquanto que o hidróxido de cálcio, uma base pouco solúvel, não foi capaz de inibir o crescimento bacteriano. Das pastas testadas, quanto maior a quantidade de PMCC adicionado, maior a eficácia antibacteriana. Com base neste e em outros estudos, os autores levantam a hipótese de que, pelo menos do ponto de vista da atividade antibacteriana, o hidróxido de cálcio serve como um veículo para o PMCC, permitindo uma liberação lenta e gradual de PMC suficiente para ter atividade antibacteriana e ser biocompatível .

Avaliação da toxicidade da pasta de antibiótico (cloranfenicol, tetraciclina, óxido de zinco e eugenol) em cães submetidos à pulpotomia através da análise de parâmentros hematológicos e bioquímicos do sangue e histológico dos dentes / Evaluation of the toxicity of antibiotic paste (chloramphenicol, tetracycline, zinc oxide and eugenol) in dogs submitted to pulpotomy through the analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters of blood and histological parameters of teeth

O objetivo deste estudo experimental foi avaliar os parâmetros hematológico, bioquímico do sangue e histológico dos dentes de 13 cães machos e fêmeas, adultos, com peso variando de 11 a 20 kg, submetidos a pulpotomias ultilizando-se a pasta de antibiótico (cloranfenicol, tetraciclina, óxido de zinco e eugenol) como obturador da câmara coronária. Foram selecionados 5 e 10 dentes hígidos de cada cão com boas condições gengivais nos quais foram realizados pulpotomias com isolamento absoluto e sob anestesia geral...

Tratamento endodôntico via retrógrada realizada em dentes de cäes com lesöes periapicais: avaliaçäo histomorfológica da açäo do EDTA e do hidróxido de cálcio aplicados sobre a superfície dentinária apicectomizada e material retrobturador / Retrigrade endodontic treatment performed in dog's teeth with periapical lesions: histomorphologic evaluation of EDTA and calcium hydroxide action over apicectomicized dentinal surface and retrofilling material

Foram utilizados, neste trabalho, 48 raízes de 32 pré-molares superiores e inferiores de 4 cäes adultos jovens, com lesöes periapicais crônicas, induzidas pela exposiçäo da câmara pulpar e canais radiculres ao meio oral, pelo período de 90 dias. Foi objetivo do trabalho estudar o reparo dos tecidos periapicais, após a apicectomia e tratamento endodôntico, via retrógrada, com cimento de óxido de zinco e eugenol consistente, situado a 1 mm da superfície dentinária apicectomizada. Foi avaliada, ainda, a aplicaçäo da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio hidrossolúvel sobre o cimento obturador e superfície dentinária apicectomizada, com a aplicaçäo prévia ou näo do ácido etilenodiaminotetracético - EDTA trissódico, por 3 minutos, sobre a superfície dentinária apicectomizada. Todas as raízes, após serem apicectomizadas, receberam o preparo biomecânico, via retrógrada, e retrobturaçäo dos canais radiculares com cimento de óxido de zinco e eugenol consistente. Em seguida, alguns espécimes sofreram a aplicaçäo de EDTA, por 3 minutos, sobre a superfície apicetomizada. Outros espécimes, após a retrobturaçäo, receberam a aplicaçäo da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio hidrossolúvel sobre o cimento obturador e também sobre a superfície da dentina apicectomizada. Alguns espécimes, após aplicaçäo de EDTA, por 3 minutos, sobre a superfície dentinária, receberam a pasta de hidróxido de cálcio hidrossolúvel sobre o cimento obturador e superfície dentinária. De acordo com os procedimentos realizados, 4 grupos experimentais foram constituídos: Grupo I - Tratamento endodôntico, via retrógrada, com cimento de óxido de zinco e eugenol situado a 1 mm aquém da superfície de corte; Grupo II - Tratamento endodôntico, via retrógrada, com cimento de óxido de zinco e eugenol situado a 1 mm aquém da superfície de corte e aplicaçäo de EDTA, por 3 minutos, sobre a dentina apicectomizada; Grupo III - Tratamento endodôntico, via retrógrada, com cimento de óxido de zinco e eugenol situado a 1 mm aquém da superfície de corte e aplicaçäo da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio sobre o cimento obturdor e sobre a dentina apicetomizada; Grupo IV - Tratamento endodôntico, via retrógrada, com cimento de óxido de zinco e eugenol, situado a 1 mm aquém da superfície de corte e aplicaçäo de EDTA sobre a superfície dentinária e da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio sobre o cimento obturador e superfície dentinária ...