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INTRODUCTION: Volcanic eruptions emit gases and particulate matter into the atmosphere which, if inhaled, can have an impact on health. The eruption of the volcano situated in the Cumbre Vieja Nature Reserve (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain) affords a unique opportunity to study the effect of such a phenomenon on health. The aim of the proposed study is to assess the short-, medium- and long-term respiratory health effects of exposure to volcanic emissions from the eruption in three different population groups. METHODS: We propose to undertake a multidesign study: an ambispective cohort study to analyze the effect of the eruption on the general population, the highly exposed population, and the childhood population; and a pre-post quasi-experimental study on subjects with previously diagnosed respiratory diseases. The information will be collected using a personal interview, biologic specimens, air pollution data, data from medical records, respiratory tests and imaging tests. The study has an envisaged follow-up of five years, to run from the date of initial recruitment, with annual data-collection. This study has been approved by the Santa Cruz de Tenerife Provincial Research Ethics Committee (Canary Island Health Service) on March 10, 2022. CONCLUSIONS: This study will make it possible to advance our knowledge of the effect a volcano eruption has on population health, both short- and long-term, and to assess the potential respiratory injury attributable to volcanic eruptions. It may serve as a model for future studies of new volcanic eruptions in the coming years.
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Contaminación del Aire , Erupciones Volcánicas , Humanos , Niño , Erupciones Volcánicas/efectos adversos , España/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Material Particulado/análisis , Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversosRESUMEN
The bone remodeling process occurs through bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, a process involving the contribution of endocrine and nervous systems. The mechanisms associated to differentiation and proliferation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts are considered a potential therapeutic target for treating some erosive bone diseases. The aim of the present study is to explore the feasibility of generating active osteoclast-like cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced fusion. PEG-fused PBMCs showed TRAP+-multinucleated cells and bone resorption activity, and were also positive for osteoclast markers such as carbonic anhydrase II, calcitonin receptor, vacuolar ATPase, and cathepsin K, when examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunochemistry and Western blotting. TRAP expression and bone resorptive activity were higher in whole PEG-fused PBMCs than in separated T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes or monocytes. Both TRAP expression and bone resorptive activity were also higher in osteogenesis imperfecta patients compared to PEG-fused PBMCs from healthy individuals. PEG-induced fusion was more efficient in inducing TRAP and bone resorptive activities than macrophage colony-stimulating factor or dexamethasone treatment. Bone resorptive activity of PEG-fused PMBCs was inhibited by bisphosphonates. Evidence is provided that the use of PEG-based cell fusion is a straightforward and amenable method for studying human osteoclast differentiation and testing new therapeutic strategies.
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Resorción Ósea/metabolismo , Leucocitos Mononucleares/citología , Osteoclastos/citología , Polietilenglicoles/farmacología , Adolescente , Linfocitos B/citología , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Fusión Celular , Células Cultivadas , Niño , Dexametasona/farmacología , Difosfonatos/farmacología , Humanos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Macrófagos/farmacología , Monocitos/citología , Monocitos/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/citología , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Osteoclastos/metabolismo , Osteogénesis Imperfecta/fisiopatología , Linfocitos T/citología , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Fosfatasa Ácida Tartratorresistente/metabolismoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Exposure to gases and particulate matter released during volcanic eruptions can prove harmful to population health. This paper reports the preliminary results of the ASHES study, aimed at ascertaining the respiratory health effects of the 2021 volcanic eruption in La Palma Island (Spain) on the adult population without previous respiratory disease. METHODS: Ambispective cohort study on the healthy adult population. Three exposure groups were considered: Group 1, high exposure; Group 2, moderate exposure; and Group 3, minor or no exposure. We carried out a descriptive analysis of symptoms during and after the eruption, as well as measure lung function after the eruption (through forced spirometry and diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide). RESULTS: The analysis included 474 subjects: 54 in Group 1, 335 in Group 2, and 85 in Group 3. A significant increase in most symptoms was observed for subjects in the groups exposed during the eruption. After the eruption, this increase remained for some symptoms. There seems to be a dose-response relationship, such that the higher the exposure, the higher the odds ratio. A prebronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio<70% was observed in 13.0% of subjects in Group 1, 8.6% of subjects in Group 2, and 7.1% of subjects in Group 3. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to report a dose-response relationship between exposure to volcanic eruptions and the presence of symptoms in adults. Furthermore, there is a tendency toward obstructive impairment in individuals with higher exposure.
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Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Erupciones Volcánicas , Humanos , Erupciones Volcánicas/efectos adversos , España/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Espirometría , Anciano , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Material Particulado/efectos adversos , Material Particulado/análisis , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Pruebas de Función RespiratoriaRESUMEN
In the present study, a homologous rotavirus, ECwt, infecting small intestinal villi isolated from ICR and BALB/c mice were used as a model for identifying cell-surface molecules involved in rotavirus entry. Small-intestinal villi were treated with anti-Hsc70, anti-PDI, anti-integrin ß3 or anti-ERp57 antibodies or their corresponding F(ab')2 fragments before inoculation with rotavirus ECwt, RRV or Wa. Pretreatment of villi decreased virus infectivity by about 50-100 % depending of the rotavirus strain, antibody structure and detection assay used. Similar results were obtained by treating viral inocula with purified proteins Hsc70, PDI or integrin ß3 before inoculation of untreated villi. Rotavirus infection of villi proved to be sensitive to membrane-impermeant thiol/disulfide inhibitors such as DTNB and bacitracin, suggesting the involvement of a redox reaction in infection. The present results suggest that PDI, Hsc70 and integrin ß3 are used by both homologous and heterologous rotaviruses during infection of isolated mouse villi.
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Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSC70/fisiología , Integrina alfaVbeta3/fisiología , Intestino Delgado/virología , Proteína Disulfuro Isomerasas/fisiología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/virología , Rotavirus/fisiología , Internalización del Virus , Animales , Animales Lactantes/virología , Anticuerpos/inmunología , Supervivencia Celular , Femenino , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSC70/inmunología , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSC70/metabolismo , Integrina alfaVbeta3/inmunología , Integrina alfaVbeta3/metabolismo , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Proteína Disulfuro Isomerasas/metabolismo , Rotavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Rotavirus/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To develop a joint proposal for screening criteria of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and vice versa, which serves as a guidelines in patient referral between the Rheumatology and Pneumology departments to early detection of these patients. METHODS: A systematic literature review was carried out on the risk factors for the development of ILD in RA patients, and for the referral criteria to Rheumatology for suspected early RA. Based on the available evidence, screening criteria were agreed using the Delphi method by a panel of pneumologists and rheumatologists with expertise in these pathologies. RESULTS: Screening criteria for ILD in patients with RA and for the early detection of RA in cases with ILD of unknown etiology have been developed. In both cases, a detection strategy was based on clinical risk factors. Recommendations also included the complementary tests to be carried out in the different clinical scenarios and on the periodicity that screening should be repeated. CONCLUSION: A selective screening strategy is recommended for the first time in the early diagnosis of patients with ILD-RA. This multidisciplinary proposal aims to solve some common clinical questions and help decision-making, although its usefulness to identify these patients with good sensitivity must be confirmed in a validation study.
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Artritis Reumatoide , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales , Reumatología , Humanos , Artritis Reumatoide/complicaciones , Artritis Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/complicaciones , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/diagnóstico , Reumatólogos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Determining the effect of membrane-impermeant thiol/disulfide exchange inhibitors on rhesus rotavirus infectivity in MA104 cells and investigating protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) as a potential target for these inhibitors. METHODS: Cells were treated with DTNB [5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)], bacitracin or anti-PDI antibodies and then infected with virus. Triple-layered particles (TLPs) were also pretreated with inhibitors before inoculation. The effects of these inhibitors on α-sarcin co-entry, virus binding to cells and PDI-TLP interaction were also examined. FACS analysis, cell-surface protein biotin-labeling, lipid-raft isolation and ELISA were performed to determine cell-surface PDI expression. RESULTS: Infectivity became reduced by 50% when cells or TLPs were treated with 1 or 6 mM DTNB, respectively; infectivity became reduced by 50% by 20 mM bacitracin treatment of cells whereas TLPs were insensitive to bacitracin treatment; anti-PDI antibodies decreased viral infectivity by about 45%. The presence of DTNB (2.5 mM) or bacitracin (20 mM) was unable to prevent virus binding to cells and rotavirus-induced α-sarcin co-entry. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that thiol/disulfide exchange was involved in rotavirus entry process and that cell-surface PDI was at least a potential target for DTNB and bacitracin-induced infectivity inhibition.
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Proteína Disulfuro Isomerasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Infecciones por Rotavirus/tratamiento farmacológico , Rotavirus/efectos de los fármacos , Rotavirus/fisiología , Acoplamiento Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Internalización del Virus/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Anticuerpos/inmunología , Bacitracina/farmacología , Línea Celular , Disulfuros/metabolismo , Ácido Ditionitrobenzoico/farmacología , Endorribonucleasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Macaca mulatta , Proteína Disulfuro Isomerasas/inmunología , Proteína Disulfuro Isomerasas/metabolismo , Infecciones por Rotavirus/metabolismo , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/metabolismo , Reactivos de Sulfhidrilo/farmacologíaRESUMEN
In the arid area of northern Chile, groundwater resources in the Andean formations are essential for native populations, ecological services, mining, and other human activities. Validated conceptual hydrogeological models are required for current and future water and land management. This work aims to explain the processes controlling the origin and distribution of recharge and groundwater composition in the Andean Precordillera and Altiplano of the Tarapacá Region of northern Chile, using major solutes in spring, river, and well water, and the stable and radioactive isotopes of water oxygen, hydrogen, and dissolved inorganic carbon. The waters are mainly of the Na-Ca-SO4 type. Processes controlling the chemical evolution of waters are atmospheric dust contribution, evapo-concentration, and enhanced volcanic rock weathering, as well as halite dissolution in some locations. The isotopic composition of Precordillera eastern flank water samples follows an evaporation line, while those in the western flank, in the Altiplano, follow a line that is parallel to the local meteoric line, suggesting unsaturated zone evaporation processes of infiltrated rainfall. δ13CDIC contents (-2 to -27) indicate mixing processes, volcanic CO2 in the Altiplano, and calcite dissolution in some sectors. In the western depression, the only recharge is due to water infiltration in creek channels. In the highland areas, 5-25% of precipitation produces recharge. The estimated groundwater renewal time in the Precordillera was 3-14 kyr. The piezometric elevation in the Precordillera due to low-permeability intrusive rocks and local recharge prevents the east-west groundwater transfer from the Altiplano to the western depression and explains why the volcanic CO2 in the Altiplano basins is not observed on the western flank. These results provide new insights for the evolution of water quality in volcanic aquifers in arid environments and provide considerations for estimating groundwater residence times using radiocarbon in areas influenced by volcanic CO2.
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Monitoreo del Ambiente , Agua Subterránea , Chile , Humanos , Ríos , Calidad del AguaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is progressive and irreversible. Some discrepancies about IPF staging exists, especially in mild phases. Forced vital capacity (FVC) higher than 80% has been considered early or mild IPF even for the design of clinical trials. METHODS: Spanish multicentre, observational, retrospective study of IPF patients diagnosed between 2012 and 2016, based on the ATS/ERS criteria, which presented FVC greater or equal 80% at diagnosis. Clinical and demographic characteristics, lung function, radiological pattern, treatment, and follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS: 225 IPF patients were included, 72.9% were men. The mean age was 69.5 years. The predominant high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) pattern was consistent usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (51.6%). 84.7% of patients presented respiratory symptoms (exertional dyspnea and/or cough) and 33.33% showed oxygen desaturation below 90% in the 6min walking test (6MWT). Anti-fibrotic treatment was initiated at diagnosis in 55.11% of patients. Median FVC was 89.6% (IQR 17) and 58.7% of patients had a decrease of diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) below 60% of theoretical value; most of them presented functional progression (61.4%) and higher mortality at 3 years (20.45%). A statistically significant correlation with the 3-years mortality was observed between DLCO <60% and consistent UIP radiological pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with preserved FVC but presenting UIP radiological pattern and moderate-severe DLCO decrease at diagnosis associate an increased risk of progression, death or lung transplantation. Therefore, in these cases, preserved FVC would not be representative of early or mild IPF.
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BACKGROUND: Viruses are being used as alternative and complementary tools for treating cancers. Oncolytic viruses exhibit tumor tropism, ability to enhance anti-tumor immunity and ability to be used in combination with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We have recently selected some rotavirus isolates which are adapted to efficiently infect and kill tumor cell lines. AIM: We tested five tumor cell-adapted rotavirus isolates for their ability to infect the human adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7. METHODS: Cell surface membrane-associated proteins mediating virus particle attachment were characterized using ELISA, immunoprecipitation, FACS analysis, and antibody blocking. RESULTS: It was found that heat shock proteins (HSPs) such as Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, and Hsp40 are expressed on the cell surface forming complexes with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), integrin ß3, and heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) in lipid raft microdomains. Interaction of rotavirus isolates with these cellular proteins was further confirmed by a competition assay and an inhibition assay involving the HSPs tested. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the tumor cell-adapted rotavirus isolates studied here offer a promising tool for killing tumor cells, thus encouraging further research into this topic, including animal models.
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Adenocarcinoma , Proteínas de Choque Térmico , Virus Oncolíticos , Rotavirus , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSC70 , Humanos , Células MCF-7RESUMEN
The aim of this work was to study different desalination technologies as alternatives to conventional reverse osmosis (RO) through a systematic literature review. An expert panel evaluated thermal and membrane processes considering their possible implementation at a pilot plant scale (100 m3/d of purified water) starting from seawater at 20 °C with an average salinity of 34,000 ppm. The desalination plant would be located in the Atacama Region (Chile), where the high solar radiation level justifies an off-grid installation using photovoltaic panels. We classified the collected information about conventional and emerging technologies for seawater desalination, and then an expert panel evaluated these technologies considering five categories: (1) technical characteristics, (2) scale-up potential, (3) temperature effect, (4) electrical supply options, and (5) economic viability. Further, the potential inclusion of graphene oxide and aquaporin-based biomimetic membranes in the desalinization processes was analyzed. The comparative analysis lets us conclude that nanomembranes represent a technically and economically competitive alternative versus RO membranes. Therefore, a profitable desalination process should consider nanomembranes, use of an energy recovery system, and mixed energy supply (non-conventional renewable energy + electrical network). This document presents an up-to-date overview of the impact of emerging technologies on desalinated quality water, process costs, productivity, renewable energy use, and separation efficiency.
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Rotaviruses infect cells by binding to specific cell surface molecules including gangliosides, heat shock protein cognate protein 70 (Hsc70), and some integrins. The characterization of cell surface receptors defining viral tropism is crucial for inhibiting entry into the normal cells or the cancer cells. In the present work, several tumor cell-adapted rotavirus isolates were tested for their interaction with some heat shock proteins (HSPs) present in the U-937 cells, derived from a human pleural effusion (histiocytic lymphoma monocyte). This interaction was examined by virus overlay protein-binding (VOPB), immunochemistry, immuno-dot blot assays, and flow cytometry. The results indicated that the rotavirus isolates studied were able to infect U937 cells by interacting with Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, Hsp40, Hsc70, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and integrin ß3, which are implicated in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and cancer development. Interestingly, these cellular proteins were found to be associated in lipid microdomains (rafts), facilitating in this way eventual sequential interactions of the rotavirus particles with the cell surface receptors. The rotavirus tropism for U937 cells through the use of these cell surface proteins made this rotavirus isolates an attractive target for the development of oncolytic strategies in the context of alternative and complementary treatment of cancer.
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Proteínas de Choque Térmico , Rotavirus , Internalización del Virus , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSC70 , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Rotavirus/metabolismoRESUMEN
Normal bone remodeling is maintained by a balance between osteoclast and osteoblast activity, whereas defects in osteoclast activity affecting such balance result in metabolic bone disease. Macrophage-macrophage fusion leading to multinucleated osteoclasts being formed is still not well understood. Here we present PEG-induced fusion of macrophages from both U937/A and J774 cell lines and the induced differentiation and activation of osteoclast-like cells according to the expression of osteoclast markers such as tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and bone resorptive activity. PEG-induced macrophage fusion, during the non-confluent stage, significantly increased the osteoclastogenic activity of macrophages from cell lines compared to that of spontaneous cell fusion in the absence of PEG (polyethylene glycol). The results shown in this work provide evidence that cell fusion per se induces osteoclast-like activity. PEG-fused macrophage differential response to pretreatment with osteoclastogenic factors was also examined in terms of its ability to form TRAP positive multinucleated cells (TPMNC) and its resorptive activity on bovine cortical bone slices. Our work has also led to a relatively simple method regarding those previously reported involving cell co-cultures. Multinucleated osteoclast-like cells obtained by PEG-induced fusion of macrophages from cell lines could represent a suitable system for conducting biochemical studies related to basic macrophage fusion mechanisms, bone-resorption activity and the experimental search for bone disease therapeutic alternatives.
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Células de la Médula Ósea/fisiología , Resorción Ósea , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoclastos/fisiología , Polietilenglicoles/farmacología , Tensoactivos/farmacología , Animales , Células de la Médula Ósea/citología , Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Bovinos , Fusión Celular/métodos , Línea Celular , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Macrófagos/citología , Ratones , Osteoclastos/citología , Osteoclastos/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Cancer is a major health problem that poses a great challenge to health care systems worldwide. Tools for cancer treatment have rapidly advanced in recent years, resulting in therapeutic strategies which are alternative and complementary to conventional treatment. To identify the cell surface receptors used by a tumor cell-adapted rotavirus and the cell death markers induced by its infection, we use Wt1-5, a rotavirus isolate recently adapted to tumor cells, to infect the human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, Reh. The expression of cell surface receptors used by Wt1-5 was determined using flow cytometry and an antibody blocking assay to test for their implication in virus infection. Viral antigens and cell death markers induced by rotavirus infection were followed by flow cytometric analysis. The present study showed that rotavirus Wt1-5 was able to use cell surface proteins such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) 90, 70, 60 and 40, Hsc70, PDI and integrin ß3. Rotavirus Wt1-5 induced cytotoxic effects including changes in cell membrane permeability, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation and activation of cell death signaling. Wt1-5 deserves to be further studied as a candidate oncolytic agent due to its ability to induce apoptosis in lymphoblastic leukemia-derived cells.
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INTRODUCTION: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, surpassed only by cardiovascular disease. However, cancer has now overtaken cardiovascular disease as the main cause of death in 12 countries in Western Europe. The burden of cancer is posing a major challenge to health care systems worldwide and demanding improvements in methods for cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Alternative and complementary strategies for orthodox surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy need to be developed. OBJECTIVE: To determine the oncolytic potential of tumor cell-adapted rotavirus in terms of their ability to infect and lysate murine myeloma Sp2/0-Ag14 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We inoculated rotaviruses Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O, and WTEW in Sp2/0-Ag14 cells and we examined their infectious effects by immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and DNA fragmentation assays. RESULTS: Rotavirus infection involved the participation of some heat shock proteins, of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and integrin ß3. We detected the accumulation of viral antigens within the virus-inoculated cells and in the culture medium in all the rotavirus isolates examined. The rotavirus-induced cell death mechanism in Sp2/0-Ag14 cells involved changes in cell membrane permeability, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation, which were compatible with cytotoxicity and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of the rotavirus isolates Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O, and WTEW to infect and cause cell death of Sp2/0-Ag14 cells through mechanisms that are compatible with virus-induced apoptosis makes them potential candidates as oncolytic agents.
Introducción. El cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte en los Estados Unidos, solamente superado por la enfermedad cardiovascular. Sin embargo, el cáncer aventaja a la enfermedad cardiovascular como primera causa de muerte en doce países de Europa occidental. Se requieren mejores métodos de prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento para afrontar el gran desafío que el cáncer representa mundialmente para los sistemas de salud, y se necesita desarrollar estrategias alternativas y complementarias a la cirugía, la radioterapia y la quimioterapia convencionales. Objetivo. Evaluar el potencial oncolítico de rotavirus adaptados a células tumorales por su capacidad para infectar y lisar células Sp2/0-Ag14 de mieloma de ratón. Materiales and métodos. Los aislamientos de rotavirus Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O y WTEW se inocularon en células Sp2/0-Ag14 y se examinaron sus efectos infecciosos mediante inmunocitoquímica, inmunofluorescencia, citometría de flujo y ensayos de fragmentación del ADN. Resultados. La infección con los rotavirus Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O y WTEW implicó la participación de algunas proteínas de choque térmico, la proteína disulfuro isomerasa y la integrina ß3. La acumulación de antígenos virales intracelulares y extracelulares se detectó en todos los virus utilizados. Los mecanismos de muerte inducidos por los rotavirus en células Sp2/0-Ag14 indujeron cambios en la permeabilidad de la membrana celular, la condensación de cromatina y la fragmentación de ADN, los cuales fueron compatibles con citotoxicidad y apoptosis. Conclusiones. La capacidad de los rotavirus estudiados para infectar y causar la muerte de células Sp2/0-Ag14 mediante mecanismos compatibles con la apoptosis inducida viralmente los convierte en candidatos potenciales para ser utilizados como agentes oncolíticos.
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Efecto Citopatogénico Viral , Mieloma Múltiple/terapia , Viroterapia Oncolítica , Rotavirus , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Antígenos Virales/análisis , Apoptosis , Línea Celular Tumoral , Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular , Cromatina/ultraestructura , Medios de Cultivo/química , Fragmentación del ADN , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/fisiología , Integrina beta3/fisiología , Ratones , Mieloma Múltiple/patología , Proteína Disulfuro Isomerasas/fisiología , Rotavirus/inmunología , Rotavirus/fisiología , Replicación ViralRESUMEN
The nucleotide sequence diversity of the CPm gene from 28 field isolates of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was assessed by SSCP and sequence analyses. These isolates showed two major shared haplotypes, which differed in distribution: A1 was the major haplotype in 23 isolates from different geographic regions, whereas R1 was found in isolates from a discrete region. Phylogenetic reconstruction clustered A1 within an independent group, while R1 was grouped with mild isolates T30 from Florida and T385 from Spain. Some isolates contained several minor haplotypes, which were very similar to, and associated with, the major haplotype.
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Proteínas de la Cápside/genética , Citrus/virología , Closterovirus/genética , Variación Genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/virología , Proteínas de la Cápside/química , Proteínas de la Cápside/metabolismo , Closterovirus/clasificación , Colombia , Haplotipos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Polimorfismo Conformacional Retorcido-Simple , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Rabies virus P protein participates as a regulating factor in viral transcription and replication; recent studies found an antitranscriptional and antireplicative effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) and Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in infected neuron cultures. We investigated here the specific effect of the neurotrophins on P protein, evaluating its synthesis and subcellular distribution in adult mouse dorsal root ganglia neuron cultures infected and treated with NGF or NT-3. The results showed that NGF, but not NT-3, caused an increase in the quantity of P protein and an accumulation of protein in neuronal bodies, revealing changes in transport to the neuritic processes.
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Ganglios Espinales/virología , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/metabolismo , Neurotrofina 3/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Virus de la Rabia/fisiología , Células Receptoras Sensoriales/metabolismo , Células Receptoras Sensoriales/virología , Proteínas Estructurales Virales/metabolismo , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Fluorometría , Ganglios Espinales/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Chaperonas MolecularesRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and, in particular, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, may have a significant impact on patient survival. Recent studies highlight the need for palliative care (PC) in the management of ILD patients. The aim of this study was to determine the current situation of PC in patients in Spain. METHODS: A 36-question survey addressing the main aspects of PC in ILD patients was designed. The survey was sent via email to all members of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery. Participation was voluntary. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-four participants responded to the survey. Ninety-eight percent said they were interested in PC, 46% had received specific training, and 44% reported being responsible for PC in their ILD patients. Symptom control and end-of-life stage were the most frequent reasons for referral to PC teams. Regarding end-of-life, 78% reported consensual agreement with patients on the limitation of therapeutic efforts, 35% helped prepare an end-of-life advance directive, and 22% agreed on the place of death. CONCLUSION: Despite the well-known need for PC in patients with ILD and the notable interest of the survey participants in this subject, there are clear formative and organizational gaps that should be addressed to improve care in this area in ILD patients in Spain.
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Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/terapia , Cuidados Paliativos , Femenino , Encuestas de Atención de la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/terapia , Masculino , Cuidados Paliativos/estadística & datos numéricos , EspañaRESUMEN
Bone is a metabolically active organ subjected to continuous remodeling process that involves resorption by osteoclast and subsequent formation by osteoblasts. Osteoclast involvement in this physiological event is regulated by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). Fusion of mono-nuclear pre-osteoclasts is a critical event for osteoclast differentiation and for bone resorption. Here we show that PBMCs can be successfully fused with polyethylenglicol (PEG) in order to generated viable osteoclast-like cells that exhibit tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and bone resorptive activities. PEG-fused PBMCs expressed additional markers compatible with osteoclastogenic differentiation such as carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), calcitonin receptor (CR), cathepsin K (Cat K), vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) subunit C1 (V-ATPase), integrin ß3, RANK and cell surface aminopeptidase N/CD13. Actin redistribution in PEG-fused cells was found to be affected by cell cycle synchronization at G0/G1 or G2/M phases. PEG-induced fusion also led to expression of tyrosine kinases c-Src and Syk in their phosphorylated state. Scanning electron microscopy images showed morphological features typical of osteoclast-like cells. The results here shown allow concluding that PEG-induced fusion of PBMCs provides a suitable model system for understanding the mechanisms involved in osteoclastogenesis and for assaying new therapeutic strategies.
Asunto(s)
Diferenciación Celular , Fusión Celular , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Osteoclastos/citología , Biomarcadores/análisis , Biomarcadores/sangre , Resorción Ósea , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/citología , Modelos Biológicos , Polietilenglicoles , Fosfatasa Ácida Tartratorresistente/metabolismoRESUMEN
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is defined as chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia limited to the lung, with poor prognosis. The incidence has been rising in recent years probably due to improved diagnostic methods and increased life expectancy. In 2013, the SEPAR guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were published. Since then, clinical trials and meta-analyses have shown strong scientific evidence for the use of pirfenidone and nintedanib in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In 2015, the international consensus of 2011 was updated and new therapeutic recommendations were established, prompting us to update our recommendation for the medical treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis accordingly. Diagnostic aspects and non-pharmacological treatment will not be discussed as no relevant developments have emerged since the 2013 guidelines.