Allelopathic effect of the methanol extract of the weed species-red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.) on the growth, phytohormone content and antioxidant activity of the cover crop - white clover (Trifolium repens L.).

Allelopathy is a biological process in which one organism releases biochemicals that affect the growth and development of other organisms. The current investigation sought to determine the allelopathic effect of Rumex acetosella on white clover (Trifolium repens) growth and development by using its shoot extract (lower IC50 value) as a foliar treatment. Here, different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 g/L) of shoot extract from Rumex acetosella were used as treatments. With increasing concentrations of shoot extract, the plant growth parameters, chlorophyll and total protein content of Trifolium repens decreased. On the other hand, ROS, such as O2.- and H2O2, and antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, CAT, and POD, increased with increasing shoot extract concentration. A phytohormonal study indicated that increased treatment concentrations increased ABA and SA levels while JA levels were reduced. For the identification of allelochemicals, liquid‒liquid extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and open-column chromatography were conducted using R. acetosella shoot extracts, followed by a seed bioassay on the separated layer. A lower IC50 value was obtained through GC/MS analysis. gammaSitosterol was identified as the most abundant component. The shoot extract of Rumex acetosella has strong allelochemical properties that may significantly impede the growth and development of Trifolium repens. This approach could help to understand the competitive abilities of this weed species and in further research provide an alternate weed management strategy.

Gynecologic tract melanoma in the contemporary therapeutic era: High rates of local and distant disease progression.

BACKGROUND: Gynecologic tract melanoma (GTM) is a rare malignancy with historically poor outcomes. The current study examines patterns of care and oncologic outcomes in a large single-institution cohort from the contemporary therapeutic era. METHODS: Patterns of care and predictors of outcomes were evaluated for all GTM patients without metastatic disease at diagnosis who were treated at our institution between 2009 and 2020 with >6 months of follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 124 patients included, anatomic subsites were vulvar (n = 82, 66%), vaginal (n = 34, 27%), or cervical (n = 8, 6%). Primary tumor was resected for 85% (n = 106) with surgical nodal evaluation for 60% (n = 75). Systemic therapy, most commonly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI, 58% systemic therapy), was used to treat all except one unresectable patient (17/18) and 33% (35/106) of resectable patients. Seven patients received neoadjuvant ICI. Fourteen patients received adjuvant radiation therapy to the pelvis (RT, 13% of those undergoing resection). With a median follow-up of 45 months, 100 patients (81%) recurred. Four-year actuarial outcomes were: 46% local control, 53% nodal control, 36% distant metastasis-free survival, 17% disease-free survival, 49% melanoma-specific survival and 48% overall survival. Mitotic rate > 10/mm2, nodal involvement and non-vulvar anatomic subsite were associated with poor outcomes. Patients treated after 2016 did not have significantly better outcomes than those treated earlier. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with GTM continue to have poor outcomes in the contemporary therapeutic era with particularly notable poor local disease control relative to other mucosal melanoma subtypes. More effective oncologic therapy is needed.

Nodal Recurrence is a Primary Driver of Early Relapse for Patients with Sentinel Lymph Node-Positive Melanoma in the Modern Therapeutic Era.

BACKGROUND: Management of patients with sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive melanoma has changed dramatically over the last few years such that completion lymph node dissection (CLND) has become uncommon, and many patients receive adjuvant immunotherapy or targeted therapy. This study seeks to characterize patterns and predictors of early recurrence in this setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients with primary cutaneous melanoma undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) between 3/2016 and 12/2019 were identified. The subset with a positive SLN who did not undergo CLND were examined for further analysis of outcomes and predictors of recurrence. RESULTS: Overall, 215 patients with SLN-positive melanoma who did not have CLND were identified. Adjuvant systemic therapy was administered to 102 (47%), with 93% of this subset receiving immunotherapy (n = 95). Median follow-up from SLNB was 20 months (IQR 12-28.5 months), and 57 patients (27%) recurred during this time. The SLN basin was the most common site of recurrence (n = 38, 67% of recurrence), with isolated nodal recurrence being the most common first site of recurrent disease (n = 22, 39% of recurrence). On multivariable analysis, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) of the primary tumor, two or more involved nodes, and > 1 mm nodal deposit were independently associated with higher rates of nodal relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Nodal recurrence is a primary driver of early disease relapse for patients with SLN-positive melanoma who do not undergo CLND in the era of effective adjuvant systemic therapy. LVI, ≥ 2 nodes, or > 1 mm nodal disease identifies patients at particularly high risk of nodal relapse.

Shared hydrogen bonds: water in aluminated faujasite.

Water confined in faujasite, a zeolite, with aluminium content, exhibits properties different from those of bulk water as well as water confined in siliceous faujasite. The RDF between oxygen of water (OW) and oxygen of aluminium (OAl) shows a prominent first peak near to 2.9 Å similar to any oxygen-oxygen RDF seen in bulk water and unlike water confined in siliceous faujasite. Further, HW-OAl shows a peak near 1.9 Å suggesting hydrogen bonding between hydrogen of water and OAl. The water satisfies the hydrogen bond criteria with both O1Al and O2Al indicating that it is participating in a shared hydrogen bond. The hydrogen bond exchange between such a water forming a shared hydrogen bond to OAl and another water molecule H2Ob is investigated through the changes in the distances and appropriate angles. The O-Al-O angle of the zeolite increases by about 7 degrees on the formation of the shared hydrogen bond. The jump dynamics of the shared hydrogen bond when the two bonds break simultaneously has been obtained and this is reported. This jump reorientation dynamics is different compared to normal hydrogen bonding reported by Laage and Hynes: it has a short lifetime, around 50-100 fs computed from SHB(t). The intermittent and continuous hydrogen bond correlation functions are also reported.

Five-year survival outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma treated with pembrolizumab in KEYNOTE-001.

BACKGROUND: Pembrolizumab demonstrated robust antitumor activity and safety in the phase Ib KEYNOTE-001 study (NCT01295827) of advanced melanoma. Five-year outcomes in all patients and treatment-naive patients are reported herein. Patients whose disease progressed following initial response and who received a second course of pembrolizumab were also analyzed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients aged ≥18 years with previously treated or treatment-naive advanced/metastatic melanoma received pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks, 10 mg/kg every 3 weeks, or 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or patient/investigator decision to withdraw. Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated. Objective response rate and PFS were based on immune-related response criteria by investigator assessment (data cut-off, September 1, 2017). RESULTS: KEYNOTE-001 enrolled 655 patients with melanoma; median follow-up was 55 months. Estimated 5-year OS was 34% in all patients and 41% in treatment-naive patients; median OS was 23.8 months (95% CI, 20.2-30.4) and 38.6 months (95% CI, 27.2-not reached), respectively. Estimated 5-year PFS rates were 21% in all patients and 29% in treatment-naive patients; median PFS was 8.3 months (95% CI, 5.8-11.1) and 16.9 months (95% CI, 9.3-35.5), respectively. Median response duration was not reached; 73% of all responses and 82% of treatment-naive responses were ongoing at data cut-off; the longest response was ongoing at 66 months. Four patients [all with prior response of complete response (CR)] whose disease progressed during observation subsequently received second-course pembrolizumab. One patient each achieved CR and partial response (after data cut-off). Treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) occurred in 86% of patients and resulted in study discontinuation in 7.8%; 17% experienced grade 3/4 TRAE. CONCLUSIONS: This 5-year analysis of KEYNOTE-001 represents the longest follow-up for pembrolizumab to date and confirms the durable antitumor activity and tolerability of pembrolizumab in advanced melanoma. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01295827.

Incident reporting in dentistry: Clinical supervisor's awareness, practice and perceived barriers.

BACKGROUND: The significance of patient safety and risk management in dentistry has surfaced as dental settings bear delicate procedures carried out by teams utilising numerous devices and tools in complex environments. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to assess awareness, practice, attitude and perceived barriers of reporting incidents amongst dental clinical supervisors working at dental colleges in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The objectives are as follows: (i) Determine if correlations exist between socio-demographic data and supervisors' awareness, practice, attitude and perceived barriers. (ii) Identify most common perceived barriers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online questionnaire was sent to the 450 clinical supervisors working at five dental colleges of Riyadh. The collected data included items assessing the awareness, practice and attitude of reporting students' incidents along with the perceived barriers. RESULTS: A response rate of (60.1% n = 264 of 450) was established. The majority of the respondents (62.9% n = 166) were aware of the incident reporting policy. Yet, only (35.4% n = 93) of them had completed an incident reporting form before. Most of the participants (90.5% n = 239) agreed on the necessity of reporting student's incidents, but only (67.0% n = 177) agreed on the necessity of reporting well-handled incidents. The possible negative relationship with students was the most agreed on barrier to reporting. CONCLUSION: This study shows that certain demographics of supervisors had significant relationship with their awareness, attitude, perceived barriers and practice. Awareness of the policy and form was linked to the increase in supervisors' practice, although they tend to report verbally rather than in writing. The possible negative relationship with students was the most common perceived barrier.

Identification of Parvalbumin Interneurons as Cellular Substrate of Fear Memory Persistence.

Parvalbumin-positive (PV) basket cells provide perisomatic inhibition in the cortex and hippocampus and control generation of memory-related network activity patterns, such as sharp wave ripples (SPW-R). Deterioration of this class of fast-spiking interneurons has been observed in neuropsychiatric disorders and evidence from animal models suggests their involvement in the acquisition and extinction of fear memories. Here, we used mice with neuron type-targeted expression of the presynaptic gain-of-function glycine receptor RNA variant GlyR α3L(185L)to genetically enhance the network activity of PV interneurons. These mice showed reduced extinction of contextual fear memory but normal auditory cued fear memory. They furthermore displayed increase of SPW-R activity in area CA3 and CA1 and facilitated propagation of this particular network activity pattern, as determined in ventral hippocampal slice preparations. Individual freezing levels during extinction and SPW-R propagation were correlated across genotypes. The same was true for parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the ventral hippocampus, which was generally augmented in the GlyR mutant mice and correlated with individual freezing levels. Together, these results identify PV interneurons as critical cellular substrate of fear memory persistence and associated SPW-R activity in the hippocampus. Our findings may be relevant for the identification and characterization of physiological correlates for posttraumatic stress and anxiety disorders.

Immediate & Short Term Outcome of Using Single Bolus Eptifibatide in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Control Study.

The purpose of this study was to assess the immediate and short term outcome of single bolus dose of eptifibatide in elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We enrolled 146 patients who underwent elective PCI from May 2013 to May 2014 in University Cardiac Centre, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Among 146 patients, seventy four patients received single bolus dose of eptifibatide (10 mg intra coronary single bolus dose) just after crossing the lesion were selected as case. The other 72 patients, who did not receive eptifibatide, were selected as control. All patients of both the groups were treated with aspirin, clopidogrel before and after the procedure and all received a single bolus dose of Clopidogrel (300mg) before the procedure. All patient received weight adjusted doses of heparin during and after the procedure. The outcome measures were 24-hours and 30-day morbidity (complications or adverse events) and mortality. The patients of eptifibatide group experienced significantly lower incidence of QMI lesions and complete absence of NQMI lesion in 24 hours of PCI as compared to 5.6% and 6.9% of the lesions respectively in their control counterparts (p=0.027 and p=0.025 respectively). However, the incidence of bleeding and target vessel revascularization (TVR) were no different between the groups (p=0.255 and p=0.117). There was no incidence of TVR at all in the eptifibatide group as opposed to 5.6% in the control group in 30 days following stenting (p=0.017). Single bolus dose of eptifibatite reduces the Major adverse cardiac events as immediate and short term outcome in elective percutaneous coronary intervention.

Neural network modelling of asphalt adhesion determined by AFM.

This study constructs a neural network (NN) model to quantify adhesion from atomic force microscopy (AFM) data. AFM data contain five-point force-distance values. A total of 760 observations are used to build NN model. To train the network, AFM tip-sample distance data, percentage of lime, type and percentage of polymer and asphalt chemical functional groups are given as inputs and AFM force as an output. To select the NN architecture, one and two hidden layers with varying neurons are tried with 10 input nodes in the input layer and 5 output nodes in the output layer. Two hidden layers with 9 and 17 nodes in the first and second layer, respectively, show the best performance. A 10-9-17-5 NN is selected as the final structure of the NN model. Test results for the trained model show good prediction ability. The model is further applied to evaluate the effect of five different percentages of lime on the adhesion of asphalt. Results show that increase in the percentage of lime is very effective at reducing moisture damage in a styrene butadiene polymer modified asphalt sample. However, increase in lime percentage above 1.5% does not help reduce moisture damage in the styrene butadiene styrene polymer modified sample.

Alternative lengthening of telomeres in neuroblastoma cell lines is associated with a lack of MYCN genomic amplification and with p53 pathway aberrations.

Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is a telomerase-independent telomere length maintenance mechanism that enables the unlimited proliferation of a subset of cancer cells. Some neuroblastoma (NB) tumors appear to maintain telomere length by activating ALT. Of 40 NB cell lines, we identified four potential ALT cell lines (CHLA-90, SK-N-FI, LA-N-6, and COG-N-291) that were telomerase-negative and had long telomeres (a feature of ALT cells). All four cell lines lacked MYCN amplification and were p53 non-functional upon irradiation. Two of these cell lines (CHLA-90 and SK-N-FI) were positive for C-circles (telomeric DNA circles) and ALT-associated promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies, both of which are phenotypic characteristics of ALT. Mutation of ATRX (associated with ALT in tumors) was only found in CHLA-90. Thus, the ALT phenotype in NB may not be limited to tumors with ATRX mutations but is associated with a lack of MYCN amplification and alterations in the p53 pathway.

Safety and efficacy of multipolar pulmonary vein ablation catheter vs. irrigated radiofrequency ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a randomized multicentre trial.

AIMS: The current challenge in atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment is to develop effective, efficient, and safe ablation strategies. This randomized controlled trial assesses the medium-term efficacy of duty-cycled radiofrequency ablation via the circular pulmonary vein ablation catheter (PVAC) vs. conventional electro-anatomically guided wide-area circumferential ablation (WACA). METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-eight patients (mean age 62 ± 12 years, 116 M : 72 F) with paroxysmal AF were prospectively randomized to PVAC or WACA strategies and sequentially followed for 12 months. The primary endpoint was freedom from symptomatic or documented >30 s AF off medications for 7 days at 12 months post-procedure. One hundred and eighty-three patients completed 12 m follow-up. Ninety-four patients underwent PVAC PV isolation with 372 of 376 pulmonary veins (PVs) successfully isolated and all PVs isolated in 92 WACA patients. Three WACA and no PVAC patients developed tamponade. Fifty-six percent of WACA and 60% of PVAC patients were free of AF at 12 months post-procedure (P = ns) with a significant attrition rate from 77 to 78%, respectively, at 6 months. The mean procedure (140 ± 43 vs. 167 ± 42 min, P<0.0001), fluoroscopy (35 ± 16 vs. 42 ± 20 min, P<0.05) times were significantly shorter for PVAC than for WACA. Two patients developed strokes within 72 h of the procedure in the PVAC group, one possibly related directly to PVAC ablation in a high-risk patient and none in the WACA group (P = ns). Two of the 47 patients in the PVAC group who underwent repeat ablation had sub-clinical mild PV stenoses of 25-50% and 1 WACA patient developed delayed severe PV stenosis requiring venoplasty. CONCLUSION: The pulmonary vein ablation catheter is equivalent in efficacy to WACA with reduced procedural and fluoroscopy times. However, there is a risk of thrombo-embolic and pulmonary stenosis complications which needs to be addressed and prospectively monitored. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT00678340.

Noninvasive carotid duplex study may be used as predictor test for ischaemic heart disease.

A prospective observational study was carried out to detect carotid atherosclerosis using high resolution B-Mode in 150 in-hospital patients with clinically diagnosed ischemic heart disease in various forms in the department of Cardiology, University Cardiac Center, BSMMU, Bangladesh. The duration of study was from April 2006 to December 2008. Carotid Ultrasound evaluation was performed in 150 patients diagnosed as Ischemic Heart Disease by single operator (NF). Mean age of the patients was 53.62±10.92 with, male to female ratio of 9.5:0.5. Mean IMT was 0.96±0.21mm in 85% of the patient of clinically diagnosed IHD, which was higher than the normal (normal IMT ≤0.8mm). Among them, about 77% had atherosclerotic plaque. A significant correlation between Carotid atherosclerosis determined by IMT and Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) was found. Non invasive carotid duplex study might be useful for predicting ischaemic heart disease.

Illuminating Cannabis sativa L.: The Power of Light in Enhancing C. sativa Growth and Secondary Metabolite Production.

Light is crucial for higher plants, driving photosynthesis and serving as a powerful sensory signal that profoundly modulates growth, development, physiological functions, hormone activation, and biochemical pathways. Various light parameters-quality, intensity, composition, and photoperiod-exert a tremendous influence on plant growth and development, particularly in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). C. sativa, a crop of historical significance and unparalleled versatility, holds immense value in the food, fiber, and medicinal industries. The cultivation of medicinal cannabis is burgeoning in controlled environments due to evolving healthcare regulations. Optimal light conditions significantly enhance both yield and harvest quality, notably increasing the density of apical inflorescences and the ratio of inflorescence to total aboveground biomass. C. sativa metabolites, especially phenolic and terpene compounds and Phytocannabinoids like CBD (cannabidiol), THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), and CBG (cannabigerol), possess immense medicinal value. Secondary metabolites in C. sativa predominantly accumulate in the trichomes of female flowers and surrounding sugar leaves, underscoring the critical need to boost inflorescence weight and metabolite concentrations while ensuring product consistency. Different light parameters distinctly impact C. sativa's metabolic profile, providing a robust foundation for understanding the optimal conditions for synthesizing specific secondary metabolites. While the effects of light measurement on various crops are well-established, scientific evidence specifically relating to light quality effects on C. sativa morphology and secondary metabolite accumulation remains scarce. In this review, we critically summarized how different light properties can alter cannabis growth (vegetative and reproductive), physiology and metabolism. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which specific wavelengths influence growth, development, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in C. sativa are not fully elucidated, which could be a prospective task for future researchers. Our review paves the way for a profound understanding of light's influence on C. sativa growth and advancements in greenhouse settings to maximize metabolite production for commercial use.

Plant-Entomopathogenic Fungi Interaction: Recent Progress and Future Prospects on Endophytism-Mediated Growth Promotion and Biocontrol.

Entomopathogenic fungi, often acknowledged primarily for their insecticidal properties, fulfill diverse roles within ecosystems. These roles encompass endophytism, antagonism against plant diseases, promotion of the growth of plants, and inhabitation of the rhizosphere, occurring both naturally and upon artificial inoculation, as substantiated by a growing body of contemporary research. Numerous studies have highlighted the beneficial aspects of endophytic colonization. This review aims to systematically organize information concerning the direct (nutrient acquisition and production of phytohormones) and indirect (resistance induction, antibiotic and secondary metabolite production, siderophore production, and mitigation of abiotic and biotic stresses) implications of endophytic colonization. Furthermore, a thorough discussion of these mechanisms is provided. Several challenges, including isolation complexities, classification of novel strains, and the impact of terrestrial location, vegetation type, and anthropogenic reluctance to use fungal entomopathogens, have been recognized as hurdles. However, recent advancements in biotechnology within microbial research hold promising solutions to many of these challenges. Ultimately, the current constraints delineate potential future avenues for leveraging endophytic fungal entomopathogens as dual microbial control agents.

SABR for Sarcoma Lung Metastases: Indications for Treatment and Guidance for Patient Selection.

PURPOSE: The lungs are the most common site of metastasis for patients with soft tissue sarcoma. SABR is commonly employed to treat lung metastases among select patients with sarcoma with limited disease burden. We sought to evaluate outcomes and patterns of failure among patients with sarcoma treated with SABR for their lung metastases. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We performed a retrospective review of patients treated at a tertiary cancer center between 2006 and 2020. Patient disease status at the time of SABR was categorized as either oligorecurrent or oligoprogressive. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate disease outcomes. Uni- and multivariable analyses were conducted using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: We identified 70 patients with soft tissue sarcoma treated with SABR to 98 metastatic lung lesions. Local recurrence-free survival after SABR treatment was 83% at 2 years. On univariable analysis, receipt of comprehensive SABR to all sites of pulmonary metastatic disease at the time of treatment was associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS; hazard ratio [HR], 0.51 [0.29-0.88]; P = .02). On multivariable analysis, only having systemic disease controlled at the time of SABR predicted improved PFS (median PFS, 14 vs 4 months; HR, 0.37 [0.20-0.69]; P = .002) and overall survival (median overall survival, 51 vs 14 months; HR, 0.17 [0.08-0.35]; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: SABR provides durable long-term local control for sarcoma lung metastases. The most important predictor for improved outcomes was systemic disease control. Careful consideration of these factors should help guide decisions in a multidisciplinary setting to appropriately select the optimal candidates for SABR.

Durable local control with hypofractionated radiation therapy for unresectable or metastatic melanoma.

Background and purpose: As patients with advanced melanoma live longer in the context of systemic therapy advancements, better strategies for durable control of bulky tumors are needed. In this study, we evaluated if dose-escalated hypofractionated radiation therapy (HFRT) can provide durable local control and improve tumor-associated symptoms in patients with unresectable or bulky metastatic melanoma for whom stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (RT) approaches are not feasible due to tumor size or location. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed 49 patients with unresectable or bulky metastatic melanoma who were treated to a total of 53 tumor targets with 12-17 fractions HFRT at our institution between 2015-2022. Clinical scenarios included: unresectable, locoregional only disease (26 %); oligometastatic disease (<3 total sites, 17 %); oligoprogressive disease (<3 sites progressing, 17 %); and aggressive palliation (>5 known sites of disease or with at least 3 sites progressing, 40 %). Results: Of the 53 HFRT targets, 91 % (n = 48) had radiographic evidence of response as defined by either stabilization (6 %, n = 3), decreased size (74 %, n = 39), or decreased FDG avidity (11 %, n = 6). Of the 43 symptomatic patients, 98 % (n = 42) had symptomatic improvement. One -year local control was 79 %, with 2-year progression-free and overall survival of 33 % and 39 % respectively. The most common acute toxicities were radiation dermatitis (16 %, n = 8) or a pain flare (14 %, n = 7). Late toxicities were uncommon and typically grade 1. Conclusion: HFRT provides favorable local control and symptomatic relief with limited toxicity in tumors not amenable to surgical resection or stereotactic ablative RT.

Characterization of Three Fusarium spp. Causing Wilt Disease of Cannabis sativa L. in Korea.

In July 2021, wilting symptoms were observed in adult and seedling hemp (Cannabis sativa L. cv. Cherry Blossom) plants grown in a greenhouse. As the disease progressed, yellowing and wilting symptoms on the leaves developed, resulting in whole plant death. In seedling plants, typical damping-off symptoms were observed. To identify the pathogen, the roots of diseased plants were sampled, surface sterilized, and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. From the culture, 4 different fungal isolates were recovered and purely cultured. Each fungal isolate showed distinct growth shapes and color development on malt extract agar, oatmeal agar, sabouraud dextrose agar, and PDA media. Microscopic observation and molecular identification using ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequencing identified them as 3 Fusarium spp. and 1 Thielaviopsis paradoxa. Additional sequencing of elongation factor 1-alpha and ß-tubulin regions of 3 Fusarium spp. revealed that 2 of them are Fusarium solani, and the other one is Fusarium proliferatum. To examine which isolate can act as a causal agent of wilt disease of hemp, each isolate was tested for their pathogenicity. In the pathogenicity test, F. solani AMCF1 and AMCF2, and F. proliferatum AMCF3, but not T. paradoxa AMCF4, were able to cause wilting disease in hemp seedlings. Therefore, we report that F. solani AMCF1 and AMCF2, and F. proliferatum AMCF3 as causal agents of Fusarium wilt of hemp plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the wilt disease of C. sativa L. caused by Fusarium spp. in Korea.

Common Pitfall in Post Operative Fluid and Electrolyte Management: A Retrospective Study in Two Tertiary Centers in Bangladesh.

Evaluation of our practice and recommend an appropriate fluid regime to maintain the fluid and electrolyte balance in the post operative period. The drug chart and clinical notes were retrospectively analysed manually of 758 patients who underwent surgery from January 2020 to January 2022 in Enam Medical College Hospital and Ibnsina Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh were reviewed by 3 individual clinicians and the obtained data were analysed. Total 407 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. Fifty seven (57) patients underwent emergency operation and 350 patients had elective surgery. The average fluid replacement was 2.5 L/day, average Sodium- 154 mmol/day, average potassium 2.0 mmol/day and average glucose 125 mmol/day. Post operatively 97 patients developed hypokalemia. Among them 25 patients developed severe hypokalemia. A simple pathway for prescribing post operative fluid and electrolyte was proposed so that patients during 1st post operative day requiring maintenance fluid will have 25-30 ml/kg/day of water, approximately 1-2 mmol/kg/day Sodium and chloride, 1 mmol/kg/day of potassium and approximately 50-100 gm/day of glucose.

Radiation Therapy for Retroperitoneal Sarcomas: A Strass-Ful Situation.

Locoregional recurrence (LRR) is the predominant pattern of relapse and often the cause of death in patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS). As a result, reducing LRR is a critical objective for RPS patients. However, unlike soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the superficial trunk and extremity where the benefits of radiation therapy (RT) are well-established, the role of RT in the retroperitoneum remains controversial. Historically, preoperative or postoperative RT, either alone or in combination with intraoperative radiation (IORT), was commonly justified for RPS based on extrapolation from the superficial trunk and extremity STS literature. However, long-awaited results were recently published from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) STRASS study of preoperative radiotherapy plus surgery versus surgery alone for patients with RPS; there was no statistical difference in the primary endpoint of abdominal recurrence-free survival. However, several subset analyses and study limitations complicate the interpretation of the results. This review explores and contextualizes the body of evidence regarding RT's role in managing RPS.

Outcomes after definitive treatment for cutaneous angiosarcomas of the face and scalp: Reevaluating the role of surgery and radiation therapy.

INTRODUCTION: We investigated outcomes and prognostic factors for patients treated for cutaneous angiosarcoma (CA). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of patients treated for CA of the face and scalp from 1962 to 2019. All received definitive treatment with surgery, radiation (RT), or a combination (S-XRT). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate outcomes. Multivariable analyses were conducted using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: For the 143 patients evaluated median follow-up was 33 months. Five-year LC was 51% and worse in patients with tumors >5 cm, multifocal tumors, those treated pre-2000, and with single modality therapy (SMT). These remained associated with worse LC on multivariable analysis. The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) for the cohort was 56%. Tumor size >5 cm, non-scalp primary site, treatment pre-2000, and SMT were associated with worse DSS. CONCLUSION: Large or multifocal tumors are negative prognostic factors in patients with head and neck CA. S-XRT improved outcomes.