RESUMEN
The emergence of Coronavrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant impacts on individuals and the whole world. It can lead to severe health outcomes that may lead to death. It also affects the psychological status and mental health of the individuals due to fear of infection, isolation, and quarantine. To assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic by reviewing the previous studies and original articles published on this subject. Both PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for scientific articles that reported the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and/or stress among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. The included terms used for the search process were "Prevalence, Anxiety, Depression, Stress, COVID-19, Pandemic, Psychological impact." The inclusion criteria were original articles written in the English language and conducted on the general population and reported the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and/or stress during COVID-19. A total of 2204 articles were obtained; only nine articles were eligible for the inclusion criteria. The included studies involved a total number of 19,277 participants and covered eight countries. The age range of participants was less than 18 years to 90 years, and female participants were more dominant compared to male participants in the majority of the studies. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was varied based on the region of studies and affected factors; however, the COVID-19 pandemic increased the prevalence of the three items.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUNDS: Child abuse or child maltreatment is physical, sexual, or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child or children, especially by a parent or other caregiver. Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or other caregiver that results in actual or potential harm to a child, and can occur in a child's home or in the organizations, schools, or communities the child interacts with. This study was conducted to assess the primary health care (PHC) centers' physicians' knowledge and attitude toward child abuse including its types, and child neglect with their behavior regarding reporting of abuse cases. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Abha which is the capital of Aseer Province, including all PHC physicians (about 475) working in PHC centers. Data regarding physicians' demographic characteristics, perception, and awareness regarding child abuse and neglect were collected by self-administrative questionnaire in the PHC center during their time between patients' consultation. RESULTS: The study included 300 PHC physicians whose ages ranged from 25 to 50 years old with mean age of 28 years. About 65% of the physicians were males and 69% of them were married with about 73% having at least one child. Overall, 96.3% of the physicians recorded good awareness level regarding types of child abuse and 97.3% recorded good awareness level regarding child neglect patterns. Underreporting of child abuse cases was recorded by about 64% of physicians. CONCLUSION: Regarding child abuse and neglect, PHC physicians have good knowledge, optimal attitude, and positive perception. There was also the problem of underreporting of suspected child abuse cases among PHC physicians in Saudi Arabia, with many barriers to report, such as community traditions; unclear reporting strategy was identified.