Mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases: towards the development of effective therapy.

Neurodegeneration is a prevalent and one of the emerging reasons for morbidity, mortality, and cognitive impairment in aging. Dementia is one of such conditions of neurodegeneration, partially manageable, irreversible, and worsens over time. This review is focused on biological and psychosocial risk factors associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, highlighting the value of cognitive decline. We further emphasized on current therapeutic strategies from pharmacological and non-pharmacological perspectives focusing on their effects on cognitive impairment, protein aggregation, tau pathology, and improving the quality of life. Deeper mechanistic insights into the multifactorial neurodegeneration could offer the design and development of promising diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Assessing the relationship between burnout syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome among medical health providers and medical students in Saudi Arabia.

Burnout syndrome, characterized by chronic unmanageable workplace stress, has been linked to lower gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome. However, the relationship between burnout syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome among medical health providers and medical students in Saudi Arabia has not been fully explored. This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in Southern Saudi Arabia from 2021 to 2022 and involved 931 medical health providers and medical students who completed an electronic questionnaire. The study assessed the presence and severity of burnout and irritable bowel syndrome and examined their relationship. Burnout syndrome was evaluated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS), while irritable bowel syndrome criteria and severity were assessed using validated tools. The study found that 85% of medical health providers and medical students experienced high levels of burnout and irritable bowel syndrome severity, with physicians and nurses mainly affected. Occupational exhaustion was high in 44.4% of participants, while depersonalization was high in 53% of participants. Personal accomplishment was low in 73.5% of participants. Mild, moderate, and severe irritable bowel syndrome was reported in 25.6%, 23.8%, and 12% of participants, respectively. The study highlights a significant association between burnout syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome severity among medical health providers and medical students in Saudi Arabia. These findings underscore the importance of developing effective interventions to prevent and manage burnout syndrome and related health issues among healthcare professionals and medical students in the region.

Awareness of Lactose Intolerance Disorder in Saudi Arabia Population.

Background: Lactose intolerance is defined as "Lactose malabsorption with gastrointestinal symptoms." Also, lactose malabsorption can be defined as "Not all ingested lactose was absorbed and that some has reached the large intestine." The common symptoms associated with the maldigestion of lactose are bloating, diarrhoea, nausea, and abdominal pain. Aim: The current study aims to assess knowledge of people awareness of the lactose intolerance disorder and its relation to nutrition and dietary habits in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used targeting all accessible population in Saudi Arabia aging 18 years or more and accept to participate in the study. Data were collected from participants using an online pre-structured questionnaire. The researchers constructed the survey tool after intensive literature review and expert's consultation. The questionnaire covered the following data: participants' socio-demographic data like age, gender, and monthly income. Second section covered participants' dairy products intake with associated symptoms. Third part covered personal and family history of glucose intolerance disorder among the study participants. Awareness was assessed using multiple repose and mutually exclusive questions. Results: A total of 1189 participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria completed the study questionnaire. Participants ages ranged from 18 to 58 years old with mean age of 25.1 ± 12.9 years. Exact of 692 (58.2%) participants were females. Exact of 104 (8.7%) of the study participants reported that they had lactose intolerance disorder which started at the age of 11 to 20 years among 41 (39.4%) and at the age of 21 to 30 years among 36 (34.6%). About 77% of the study participants know that lactose indolence disorder symptoms appear after eating dairy or its derivatives. A total of 45.8% reported that leaky gut syndrome (diarrhoea and bloating) is caused by symptoms that occur with lactose intolerance and 39.4% know lactose intolerance is an uncurable disease. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study revealed that nearly one out of each three persons on Saudi Arabia is knowledgeable regarding lactose intolerance disorder and its related factors and relieving factors. Dairy products use in daily basis was reported among two thirds of the study population with abdominal distention and abdominal pain was the main accompanying symptoms.