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RATIONALE: Encephalitis caused by anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies is the leading cause of immune-mediated encephalitis. There are limited data on intensive care unit (ICU) management of these patients. OBJECTIVES: To identify prognostic factors of good neurologic outcome in patients admitted to an ICU with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. METHODS: This was an observational multicenter study of all consecutive adult patients diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis at the French National Reference Centre, admitted to an ICU between 2008 and 2014. The primary outcome was a good neurologic outcome at 6 months after ICU admission, defined by a modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients were included from 52 ICUs. First-line immunotherapy consisted of steroids (n = 61/74; 82%), intravenous immunoglobulins (n = 71/74; 96%), and plasmapheresis (n = 17/74; 23%). Forty-five (61%) patients received second-line immunotherapy (cyclophosphamide, rituximab, or both). At 6 months, 57% of patients had a good neurologic outcome. Independent factors of good neurologic outcome were early (≤8 d after ICU admission) immunotherapy (odds ratio, 16.16; 95% confidence interval, 3.32-78.64; for combined first-line immunotherapy with steroids and intravenous immunoglobulins vs. late immunotherapy), and a low white blood cell count on the first cerebrospinal examination (odds ratio, 9.83 for <5 vs. >50 cells/mm3; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-90.65). Presence of nonneurologic organ failures at ICU admission and occurrence of status epilepticus during ICU stay were not associated with neurologic outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of adult patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis requiring intensive care is good, especially when immunotherapy is initiated early, advocating for prompt diagnosis and early aggressive treatment.
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Encefalitis Antirreceptor N-Metil-D-Aspartato/inmunología , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Inmunoglobulinas/uso terapéutico , Esteroides/uso terapéutico , Administración Intravenosa , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Análisis de Varianza , Encefalitis Antirreceptor N-Metil-D-Aspartato/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Encefalitis Antirreceptor N-Metil-D-Aspartato/terapia , Femenino , Francia , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas/administración & dosificación , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Masculino , Neuroimagen/métodos , Plasmaféresis/métodos , Pronóstico , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/inmunología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Prevención Secundaria , Distribución por Sexo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) requires a close "partnership" between a conscious patient and the patient's caregivers. Specific perceptions of NIV stakeholders and their impact have been poorly described to date. The objectives of this study were to compare the perceptions of NIV by intensive care unit (ICU) physicians, nurses, patients, and their relatives and to explore factors associated with caregivers' willingness to administer NIV and patients' and relatives' anxiety in relation to NIV. METHODS: This is a prospective, multicenter questionnaire-based study. RESULTS: Three hundred and eleven ICU physicians, 752 nurses, 396 patients, and 145 relatives from 32 ICUs answered the questionnaire. Nurses generally reported more negative feelings and more frequent regrets about providing NIV (median score, 3; interquartile range, [1 to 5] vs. 1 [1 to 5]; P < 0.0001) compared to ICU physicians. Sixty-four percent of ICU physicians and only 32% of nurses reported a high level of willingness to administer NIV, which was independently associated with NIV case-volume and workload. A high NIV session-related level of anxiety was observed in 37% of patients and 45% of relatives. "Dyspnea during NIV," "long NIV session," and "the need to have someone at the bedside" were identified as independent risk factors of high anxiety in patients. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of willingness of caregivers to administer NIV and a high level of anxiety of patients and relatives in relation to NIV are frequent in the ICU. Most factors associated with low willingness to administer NIV by nurses or anxiety in patients and relatives may be amenable to change. Interventional studies are now warranted to evaluate how to reduce these risk factors and therefore contribute to better management of a potentially traumatic experience. (Anesthesiology 2016; 124:1347-59).
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Actitud del Personal de Salud , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Cuidados Críticos/psicología , Familia/psicología , Pacientes Internos/psicología , Ventilación no Invasiva/psicología , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/terapia , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Masculino , Ventilación no Invasiva/métodos , Ventilación no Invasiva/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/psicología , Médicos/psicología , Estudios Prospectivos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In intensive care unit (ICU), infection and colonization by resistant Gram-negative bacteria increase costs, length of stay and mortality. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase--producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) is a group of pathogens increasingly encountered in ICU setting. Conditions that promote ESBL-E acquisition are not completely understood. The increasing incidence of infections related to ESBL-E and the unsolved issues related to ESBL-E cross-transmission, prompted us to assess the rates of referred and acquired cases of ESBL-E in ICU and to assess patient-to-patient cross-transmission of ESBL-E using a multimodal microbiological analysis. METHODS: During a 5-month period, all patients admitted to a medical ICU were tested for ESBL-E carriage. A rectal swab was performed at admission and then twice a week until discharge or death. ESBL-E strains were analyzed according to antibiotic susceptibility pattern, rep-PCR (repetitive-element Polymerase chain reaction) chromosomal analysis, and plasmid PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) analysis of ESBL genes. Patient-to-patient transmission was deemed likely when 2 identical strains were found in 2 patients hospitalized simultaneously in the ICU. RESULTS: Among the 309 patients assessed for ESBL-E carriage on admission, 25 were found to carry ESBL-E (importation rate: 8%). During follow-up, acquisition was observed among 19 of them (acquisition rate: 6.5%). Using the multimodal microbiological approach, we found only one case of likely patient-to-patient ESBL-E transmission. CONCLUSIONS: In unselected ICU patients, we found rather low rates of ESBL-E referred and acquired cases. Only 5% of acquisitions appeared to be related to patient-to-patient transmission. These data highlight the importance of jointly analyzing phenotypic profile and molecular data to discriminate strains of ESBL-E.
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Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/diagnóstico , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , beta-Lactamasas/genética , Anciano , Infección Hospitalaria/diagnóstico , ADN/análisis , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Recto/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The aim of the study was to identify the predictors of brain death (BD) upon admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) of comatose patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Patients admitted in our ICU from 2002 to 2010 for spontaneous ICH and placed under mechanical ventilation were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 72 patients, 49% evolved to BD, 39% died after withdrawal of life support, and 12% were discharged alive. The most discriminating characteristics to predict BD were included in two models; Model 1 contained ≥3 abolished brainstem responses [adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 8.4 (2.4, 29.1)] and the swirl sign on the baseline CT-scan [adjusted OR = 5.0 (1.6, 15.9)] and Model 2 addressed the abolition of corneal reflexes [unilateral/bilateral: adjusted OR = 4.2 (0.9, 20.1)/8.8 (2.4, 32.3)] and the swirl sign on the baseline CT-scan [adjusted OR = 6.2 (1.9, 20.0)]. Two scores predicting BD were created (sensitivity: 0.89 and 0.88, specificity: 0.68 and 0.65). Risk of evolution toward BD was classified as low (corneal reflexes present and no swirl sign), high (≥1 corneal reflexes abolished and swirl sign), and intermediate. Simple signs at ICU admission can predict BD in comatose patients with ICH and could increase the potential for organ donation.
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Muerte Encefálica/diagnóstico , Muerte Encefálica/fisiopatología , Hemorragia Cerebral/fisiopatología , Coma/fisiopatología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Tronco Encefálico/fisiopatología , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemorragia Cerebral/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Neurológicos , Admisión del Paciente , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Tiempo , Obtención de Tejidos y Órganos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The presence of a femoral venous catheter could be associated with gas presence in the hepatic veins. This entity should be recognized to avoid a misdiagnosis of gas presence in the portal veins or in the biliary tract. Objectives are to assess: 1) the incidence of gas presence in the hepatic veins in intensive care unit patients explored by abdominal computed tomography scan; 2) the rate of gas presence in the liver in intensive care unit patients with a catheter inserted in the femoral vein; and 3) the specific imaging features. DESIGN: A retrospective study in a medical intensive care unit in a teaching hospital in France. MEASUREMENTS: All consecutive abdominal computed tomography scans performed in intensive care unit patients between 2008 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed independently by an intensivist and a radiologist. Presence of gas in the liver was noticed and its location was specified using multiplanar reconstruction. MAIN RESULTS: We analyzed 235 computed tomography scans (performed in 207 patients). Gas was identified in the liver on 10.2% of computed tomography scans. Gas was located in the hepatic veins in 12 cases (50%), in the biliary tract in ten cases (41.7%), and in the portal veins in two cases (8.3%). All patients with gas in the hepatic veins had a femoral venous catheter. Characteristics of gas location within the hepatic veins on computed tomography scan axial views were not different from those of gas located in the biliary tract or in the portal venous system. Gas was present in the hepatic veins in 12 of 83 (14.5%) of the computed tomography scans with a femoral venous catheter and was associated with gas presence in other vessels of the inferior vena cava system in five of 12 (41.7%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: Gas located in the hepatic veins related to femoral venous catheter is a frequent cause of gas in the liver in intensive care unit patients. This imaging feature could be misleading. Multiplanar reconstruction should be performed to differentiate this aspect from those of gas in the biliary tract or in the portal venous system.
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Cateterismo Periférico/efectos adversos , Vena Femoral , Gases , Venas Hepáticas/fisiopatología , Hepatopatías/etiología , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía Abdominal , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The decision-making on antiplatelet drug withdrawal or continuation before performing a pleural procedure is based on the balance between the risk of bleeding associated with the antiplatelet therapy and the risk of arterial thrombosis due to its interruption. Knowledge on antiplatelet therapy-associated risk of bleeding after pleural procedures is lacking. RESEARCH QUESTION: Is the risk of bleeding associated with antiplatelet drugs increased in patients undergoing pleural procedures? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a French multicenter cohort study in 19 centers. The main outcome was the occurrence of bleeding, defined as hematoma, hemoptysis, or hemothorax, during the 24 h following a pleural procedure. Serious bleeding events were defined as bleeding requiring blood transfusion, respiratory support, endotracheal intubation, embolization, or surgery, or as death. RESULTS: A total of 1,124 patients was included (men, 66%; median age, 62.6 ± 27.7 years), of whom 182 were receiving antiplatelet therapy and 942 were not. Fifteen patients experienced a bleeding event, including eight serious bleeding events. The 24-h incidence of bleeding was 3.23% (95% CI, 1.08%-5.91%) in the antiplatelet group and 0.96% (95% CI, 0.43%-1.60%) in the control group. The occurrence of bleeding events was significantly associated with antiplatelet therapy in univariate analysis (OR, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.14-9.66; P = .021) and multivariate analysis (OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.01-17.03; P = .044) after adjusting for demographic data and the main risk factors for bleeding. Likewise, antiplatelet therapy was significantly associated with serious bleeding in univariate analysis (OR, 8.61; 95% CI, 2.09-42.3; P = .003) and multivariate analysis (OR, 7.27; 95% CI, 1.18-56.1; P = .032) after adjusting for the number of risk factors for bleeding. INTERPRETATION: Antiplatelet therapy was associated with an increased risk of post-pleural procedure bleeding and serious bleeding. Future guidelines should take into account these results for patient safety.
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Hemorragia/inducido químicamente , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Pleurales/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Biopsia , Tubos Torácicos , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Francia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Riesgo , ToracocentesisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Intubation and extubation of ventilated patients are not risk-free procedures in the intensive care unit (ICU) and can be associated with morbidity and mortality. Intubation in the ICU is frequently required in emergency situations for patients with an unstable cardiovascular or respiratory system. Under these circumstances, it is a high-risk procedure with life-threatening complications (20-50%). Moreover, technical problems can also give rise to complications and several new techniques, such as videolaryngoscopy, have been developed recently. Another risk period is extubation, which fails in approximately 10% of cases and is associated with a poor prognosis. A better understanding of the cause of failure is essential to improve success procedure. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In constructing these guidelines, the SFAR/SRLF experts have made use of new data on intubation and extubation in the ICU from the last decade to update existing procedures, incorporate more recent advances and propose algorithms.
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Accidentes por Caídas , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/inmunología , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Inmunosupresores/efectos adversos , Inmunosupresores/inmunología , Linfoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Toxoide Tetánico/uso terapéutico , Tétanos/complicaciones , Tétanos/diagnóstico , Trismo/etiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anticuerpos Monoclonales de Origen Murino/efectos adversos , Anticuerpos Monoclonales de Origen Murino/inmunología , Ciclofosfamida/efectos adversos , Ciclofosfamida/inmunología , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Humanos , Linfoma/complicaciones , Linfoma/inmunología , Prednisona/efectos adversos , Prednisona/inmunología , Factores de Riesgo , Rituximab , Tétanos/tratamiento farmacológico , Tétanos/etiología , Tétanos/inmunología , Tétanos/terapia , Toxoide Tetánico/administración & dosificación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Introdução: O tratamento cirúrgico para o câncer de mama pode trazer limitações físico-funcionais e prejuízos na qualidade de vida (QV). Assim, a cinesioterapia representa uma possibilidade terapêutica para prevenir ou tratar estas disfunções. Objetivo: Comparar a QV antes e após 10 sessões de cinesioterapia. Métodos: Ensaio clínico não aleatorizado, envolvendo mulheres que realizaram 10 sessões de fisioterapia após cirurgia para câncer de mama. O protocolo incluiu alongamentos, exercícios ativos-livres e exercícios resistidos. A QV foi avaliada pelo questionário genérico European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC): o Quality of Life Questionnaire C-30 (QLQ-C30) e o específico, Breast Cancer Module (BR-23). Resultados: Foram incluídas 35 mulheres, sendo a mastectomia à esquerda o procedimento mais realizado. No QLQ-C30, foi observada melhora significativa da escala de função física (p = 0,01), desempenho funcional (p = 0,02), fadiga (p = 0,03), dor (p = 0,01), insônia (p = 0,02) e piora apenas de diarreia (p = 0,02). No BR-23, observou-se melhora significativa nos sintomas da mama (p = 0,01) e do braço (p = 0,01). Outros escores, como função cognitiva, social, dispneia, constipação, dificuldade financeira, imagem corporal e perspectiva futura, melhoraram sem diferença significativa. Conclusão: Após a cinesioterapia, observou-se melhora de diversos aspectos da QV. Maior tempo de seguimento e outros instrumentos de avaliação poderão mostrar ganhos adicionais. (AU)
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common health problem among the female population and its surgical treatment may cause physical limitations and impair quality of life (QOL). Kinesiotherapy becomes a possibility of treatment to reduce the complications of surgery. Objective: To compare QOL before and after 10 kinesiotherapy. Methods: Non-randomized clinical trial, involving women who underwent 10 physical therapy training after surgery to treat breast cancer. The kinesiotherapy protocol included stretching, active-free exercises, and resistance exercises. To assess QOL, the European Organization for Cancer Research and Treatment (EORTC) generic instrument, the C-30 Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and the Breast Cancer Module (BR-23) were applied. Results: 35 women were included, with the mastectomy on the left being the most performed procedure. In the generic questionnaire of the EORTC, QLQ-C30, an improvement was observed in the scores of the scale of physical function (p = 0.01), functional performance (p = 0.02), fatigue (p = 0.03), pain (p = 0.01) and insomnia (p = 0.02) and worsens only in diarrhea symptoms (p = 0.02). In BR-23, significant improvements were observed in the symptoms of the breast (p = 0.01) and the arm (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Kinesiotherapy has beneficial effects on QOL. After kinesiotherapy there was an improvement of several aspects of QOL. Longer follow-up and other assessment tools may show additional gains. (AU)
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Humanos , Femenino , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Terapia por Ejercicio , Mastectomía , Calidad de Vida , Neoplasias de la MamaRESUMEN
Após a cirurgia para câncer de mama, algumas complicações podem levar a restrições da amplitude de movimento (ADM), dor e impacto negativo na realização das tarefas de vida diária. Neste contexto, a fisioterapia é importante na recuperação da funcionalidade. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da fisioterapia na amplitude de movimento, na intensidade de dor e no desempenho funcional do membro superior após a cirurgia para câncer de mama de mulheres no menacme. Métodos: Ensaio clínico não controlado, considerando mulheres que realizaram cirurgia para câncer de mama associada a linfonodectomia axilar. Foram avaliados a ADM pela fleximetria, intensidade de dor pela escala visual analógica (EVA) e o desempenho funcional pelo questionário "deficiência do ombro braço e mão" (DASH). Resultados: Após as 10 sessões de fisioterapia, foi observado aumento significativo da ADM de todos os movimentos, diminuição da intensidade de dor de 4,09 ± 2,51) para 2,54 ± 2,18, (p = 0,04), e dos escores do DASH de 35,31 ± 17,23 para 17,75 ± 13,09, (p = 0,001), indicando significativa melhora do desempenho funcional. Conclusão: A abordagem fisioterapêutica foi satisfatória em melhorar a ADM, intensidade de dor e o desempenho funcional em mulheres na pré-menopausa. Contudo, acompanhamento por mais longo prazo e incrementar os exercícios podem trazer melhora adicional. (AU)
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Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Dolor , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , MastectomíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Mottling score has been reported to be a strong predictive factor during septic shock. However, the pathophysiology of mottling remains unclear. METHODS: In patients admitted in ICU for septic shock, we measured on the same area the mean skin perfusion by laser Doppler, the mottling score, and variations of both indices between T1 (6 hours after vasopressors were started) and T2 (24 hours later). RESULTS: Fourteen patients were included, SAPS II was 56 [37-71] and SOFA score at T1 was 10 [7-12]. The mean skin surface area analyzed was 4108 ± 740 mm2; 1184 ± 141 measurements were performed over each defined skin surface area. Skin perfusion was significantly different according to mottling score and decreased from 37 [31-42] perfusion units (PUs) for a mottling score of [0-1] to 22 [20-32] PUs for a mottling score of [2-3] and 23 [16-28] for a score of [4-5] (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = 0.05). We analyzed skin perfusion changes during resuscitation in each patient and together with mottling score variations between T1 and T2 using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Among the 14 patients included, mottling score increased (worsened) in 5 patients, decreased (improved) in 5 patients, and remained stable in 4 patients. Baseline skin perfusion at T1 was arbitrarily scored 100%. Mean skin perfusion significantly decreased in all the patients whose mottling score worsened from 100% baseline to 63.2 ± 10.7% (P = 0.001), mean skin perfusion significantly increased in all patients whose mottling score improved from 100% baseline to 172.6 ± 46.8% (P = 0.001), and remained stable in patients whose mottling score did not change (100.5 ± 6.8%, P = 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that mottling score variations and skin perfusion changes during septic shock resuscitation were correlated, providing additional evidence that mottling reflects skin hypoperfusion.
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Cateterismo/métodos , Catéteres , Falla de Equipo , Adulto , Anciano , Arterias , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown a good agreement between central venous pressure (CVP) measurements from catheters placed in superior vena cava and catheters placed in the abdominal cava/common iliac vein. However, the influence of intra-abdominal pressure on such measurements remains unknown. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, observational study in a tertiary teaching hospital. We enrolled patients who had indwelling catheters in both superior vena cava (double lumen catheter) and femoroiliac veins (dialysis catheter) and into the bladder. Pressures were measured from all the sites, CVP, femoroiliac venous pressure (FIVP), and intra-abdominal pressure. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients were enrolled (age 62 ± 14 years; SAPS II 62 (52-76)). Fifty complete sets of measurements were performed. All of the studied patients were mechanically ventilated (PEP 3 cmH20 (2-5)). We observed that the concordance between CVP and FIVP decreased when intra-abdominal pressure increased. We identified 14 mmHg as the best intra-abdominal pressure cutoff, and we found that CVP and FIVP were significantly more in agreement below this threshold than above (94% versus 50%, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: We reported that intra-abdominal pressure affected agreement between CVP measurements from catheter placed in superior vena cava and catheters placed in the femoroiliac vein. Agreement was excellent when intra-abdominal pressure was below 14 mmHg.