Bronchoscopic modalities to diagnose sarcoidosis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Several studies have investigated different bronchoscopic techniques to obtain tissue diagnosis in patients with suspected sarcoidosis when the diagnosis cannot be based on clinicoradiographic findings alone. In this review, we will describe the most recent and relevant evidence from different bronchoscopic modalities to diagnose sarcoidosis. RECENT FINDINGS: Despite multiple available bronchoscopic modalities to procure tissue samples to diagnose sarcoidosis, the vast majority of evidence favors endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration to diagnose Scadding stages 1 and 2 sarcoidosis. Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy is a new technique that is mainly used to aid in the diagnosis of undifferentiated interstitial lung disease; however, we will discuss its potential use in sarcoidosis. SUMMARY: This review illustrates the limited information about the different bronchoscopic techniques to aid in the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. However, it demonstrates that the combination of available bronchoscopic techniques increases the diagnostic yield for suspected sarcoidosis.

The complimentary role of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy and endobronchial ultrasound fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.

PURPOSE: Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) is a novel technique that has proved to be useful in diagnosing various interstitial lung diseases (ILD). The use of TBLC to diagnose sarcoidosis in an unselected patient population is unknown, and could be complimentary to endobronchial ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EBUS-FNA). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 36 patients in a single, tertiary-care, academic medical center was conducted to describe the yield of both EBUS-FNA and TBLC in the diagnosis of suspected sarcoidosis over a three year period. A grading system to evaluate the presence and extent of specific radiographic features on computed tomography chest imaging studies was compared to the results of EBUS-FNA and TBLC. Complications associated with the procedures were also noted. RESULTS: The overall diagnostic yield in our cohort (all pathologic diagnosis considered) was 80.6% (29 out of 36 patients had a definite pathologic diagnosis). Eighteen patients referred for possible sarcoidosis had a positive bronchoscopic specimen confirming the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. For those patients with a pathologic diagnosis of sarcoidosis, the diagnostic yield for EBUS-FNA and TBLC was 66.7% each (12 out of 18 patients), while the combined diagnostic yield for EBUS-FNA and TBLC increased to 100%. For all cases, the pneumothorax rate was 11.1%. CONCLUSIONS: TBLC appears to be a safe and complimentary technique to diagnose sarcoidosis and could be considered part of the diagnostic armamentarium in bronchoscopic centers.