Hypomagnesemia and 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in patients with long COVID.

Clinical manifestations related to hypomagnesemia and/or deficiency of vitamin D are frequent in patients with an extended course of coronavirus disease-2019 (long COVID). To evaluate hypomagnesemia and hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in patients with long COVID. A total of 125 adults with a diagnosis of long COVID were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Participants were allocated into a risk (hypomagnesemia and hydroxyvitamin D deficiency) or control (serum magnesium and hydroxyvitamin D within normal ranges) group. Hypomagnesemia and 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency were defined based on serum level ≤1.8 mg/dL and <30 ng/mL, respectively. The number of clinical manifestations of long COVID were significantly higher in the risk compared to the control group. Fatigue, memory loss, attention disorders, joint pain, anxiety, sleep disorders, myalgia, and depression, all of which are related to hypomagnesemia and/or 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency, were among the 10 most frequent manifestations in the risk group. The adjusted odds ratio for the association between hypomagnesemia and hydroxyvitamin D deficiency during long COVID was 3.1; 95% CI 2.3-12.4, p=0.005. Our results show that patients suffering with long COVID had a deficiency in magnesium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D which correlated with the number of associated clinical manifestations.

[Vitamin D deficiency associated with insulin resistance in medical residents]. / Hipovitaminosis D asociada a resistencia a la insulina en residentes médicos.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported a correlation between vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance; however, other clinical trials show that vitamin D supplementation do not normalize glucose and insulin levels. We designed a study to show if there is a correlation between serum vitamin D and the homeostatic model assessment 2 (HOMA 2). METHODS: It was designed a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study, which included medical residents. They answered a questionnaire to record the time of sun exposure. We took anthropometric measurements, such as weight, height, and waist circumference, as well as some serum levels: serum vitamin D, serum insulin, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. The correlation between serum vitamin D and HOMA 2 was determined by the correlation of Pearson; it was considered significant a p < 0.05. RESULTS: The decreased serum vitamin D levels did not correlate with high concentrations of HOMA 2 (r = -0.11, p = 0.34). A negative correlation between vitamin D levels and index size waist was observed (r = -0.27, p = 0.025). HOMA 2 was positively correlated with waist size index (r = 0.23, p = 0.05) and triglycerides (r = 0.61, p = 0.01) and negatively with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r = -0.26, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: We couldn't show the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance.

Introducción: diversos estudios han reportado una correlación entre la deficiencia de vitamina D y la resistencia a la insulina; sin embargo, algunos ensayos clínicos demuestran que la suplementación con vitamina D no normaliza las cifras de glucosa ni las de insulina. Por lo tanto, el objetivo es buscar si existe correlación entre las concentraciones séricas de vitamina D y la resistencia a la insulina a partir de la utilización del índice homeostatic model assessment 2 (HOMA 2). Método: estudio transversal, descriptivo y analítico que incluyó a residentes a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario para conocer su tiempo de exposición al sol. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas como peso, talla y circunferencia de cintura, niveles séricos de vitamina D, insulina sérica, glucosa de ayuno, triglicéridos y colesterol de alta densidad. Se determinó la correlación entre las concentraciones séricas de vitamina D y HOMA 2 mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson; se consideró significativa una p < 0.05. Resultados: la disminución sérica de vitamina D no se correlacionó con concentraciones elevadas del HOMA 2 (r = −0.11, p = 0.34). Se observó una correlación negativa entre las concentraciones de vitamina D y el índice cintura-talla (r = −0.27, p = 0.025). El HOMA 2 se correlacionó positivamente con el índice cintura-talla (r = 0.23, p = 0.05) y los triglicéridos (r = 0.61, p = 0.01) y de forma negativa con el colesterol de alta densidad (r = −0.26, p = 0.02). Conclusión: no observamos la correlación esperada entre hipovitaminosis D y resistencia a la insulina.