Potential benefits of using chitosan and silk fibroin topical hydrogel for managing wound healing and coagulation.

Background & Objectives: The intricate process of wound healing involves replacing the cellular or tissue structure that has been destroyed. In recent years various wound dressings were launched but reported several limitations. The topical gel preparations are intended for certain skin wound conditions for local action. Chitosan-based hemostatic materials are the most effective in halting acute hemorrhage, and naturally occurring silk fibroin is widely utilized for tissue regeneration. So, this study was conducted to evaluate the potential of chitosan hydrogel(CHI-HYD) and chitosan silk fibroin hydrogel (CHI-SF-HYD) on blood clotting and wound healing. Methods: Hydrogel was prepared using various concentrations of silk fibroin with guar gum as a gelling agent. The optimized formulations were evaluated for visual appearance, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), pH, spreadability, viscosity, antimicrobial activity, HR-TEM analysis, ex vivo skin permeation, skin irritation, stability studies, and in vivo studies by using adult male Wistar albino rats. Results: Based on the outcome of FT-IR, no chemical interaction between the components was noticed. The developed hydrogels exhibited a viscosity of 79.2 ± 4.2 Pa.s (CHI-HYD), 79.8 ± 3.8 Pa.s (CHI-SF-HYD), and pH of 5.87 ± 0.2 (CHI-HYD), 5.96 ± 0.1 (CHI-SF-HYD). The prepared hydrogels were sterile and non-irritant to the skin. The in vivo study outcomes show that the CHI-SF-HYD treated group has significantly shortened the span of tissue reformation than other groups. This demonstrated that the CHI-SF-HYD could consequently accelerate the regeneration of the damaged area. Interpretation & Conclusion: Overall, the positive outcomes revealed improved blood coagulation and re-epithelialization. This indicates that the CHI-SF-HYD could be used to develop novel wound-healing devices.

3D QSAR study on substituted 1, 2, 4 triazole derivatives as anticancer agents by kNN MFA approach.

Background and objectives: Researchers have recently focused on the biological and synthetic effects of 1, 2, and 4-triazole fused heterocyclic molecules because they have tremendous medicinal value. The objective of the present study was to carry out the 3D QSAR evaluation on the substituted 1,2, and 4 triazole derivatives for anticancer potential using k-Nearest Neighbor-Molecular Field Analysis (kNN-MFA) method. Methods: Using the molecular design suite, a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis was undertaken on a series of 4-amino-5-(pyridin3yl)-4H-1, 2, and 4-triazole-3-thiol anticancer drugs (Vlife MDS). This study used a genetic algorithm and a manual selection approach on 20 substituted 1, 2, and 4-triazole derivatives. Based on the genetic algorithm (GA), the 3D-QSAR model was generated. Statistical significance and predictive capacity were evaluated using internal and external validation. Results: The most significant model has a correlation coefficient of 0.9334 (squared correlation coefficient r2 = 0.8713), showing that biological activity and descriptors have a strong relationship. The model exhibited internal predictivity of 74.45 percent (q2 = 0.2129), external predictivity of 81.09 percent (pred r2 = 0.8417), and the smallest error term for the predictive correlation coefficient (pred r2se = 0.1255). The model revealed steric (S 1047--0.0780--0.0451S 927) and electrostatic (E 1002) data points that contribute remarkably to anticancer activity. A molecular field study demonstrates a link between the structural features of substituted triazole derivatives and their activities. Conclusion: The good-to-moderate anticancer potential of compounds confirms the significant pharmacological role of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. These results could lead to the identification of potential chemical compounds with optimal anticancer activity and minimal side effects.

Molecular phylogeny, pathogenic variability and phytohormone production of Fusarium species associated with bakanae disease of rice in temperate agro-ecosystems.

Bakanae is the emerging disease threating the rice cultivation globally. Yield reduction of 4-70% is recorded in different parts of the world. A total of 119 Fusarium isolates were collected from rice plants at different geographical locations and seeds of different rice cultivars. The isolates were evaluated for morphological, biochemical and pathogenic diversity. The amplification of TEF-1α gene was carried out for exploring the species spectrum associated with the cultivated and pre-released rice varieties. The production of gibberellin varied from 0.53 to 2.26 µg/25 ml, while as that of Indole acetic acid varied from 0.60 to 3.15 µg/25 ml among the Fusarium isolates. The phylogenetic analysis identified 5 different species of the genus Fusarium viz. Fusarium fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, F. equiseti, F.oxysporum and F. persicinum after nucleotide blasting in NCBI. Only two Fusarium spp. F. fujikuroi and F. proliferatum were found to be pathogenic under virulence assays of the isolates. The isolates showed a considerable variation in morphological and pathogenic characters. The isolates were divided into different groups based on morphology and pathogenicity tests. The isolates showed a considerable variation in morphology, phytohormone profile and virulence indicative of population diversity. Three species F. equiseti, F.oxysporum and F. persicinum which have not been reported as pathogens of rice in India were found to be associated with bakanae disease of rice, however their pathogenicity could not be established.

Differences in susceptibility to insecticides among color morphs of the Asian citrus psyllid.

Insect color morphs are known to vary in detoxification enzyme activity associated with susceptibility to insecticides. Diaphorina citri occurs in three distinct color morphs, and little data are available addressing this question. In this study, susceptibility to nine insecticides was compared among orange/yellow, gray/brown and blue/green morphs of adult D. citri. Imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin resulted in higher mortality in the orange/yellow morph than in the blue/green morph. The orange/yellow morph was significantly more susceptible to acetamiprid, bifenthrin and chlorfenapyr than the blue/green and gray/brown morphs. For clothianidin and chlorpyriphos, the orange/yellow morph was significantly more susceptible than the gray/brown morphs. Susceptibility to dinotefuran and thiamethoxam was not significantly different between the three color morphs of D. citri. Biochemical enzyme assays revealed that the esterase, glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 activities were significantly higher in the gray/brown and blue/green morphs than in the orange/yellow morph; however, the activities of three detoxification enzymes were not significantly different between gray/brown and blue/green morphs. We analyzed the relative expression among the color morphs of six detoxification genes involved in insecticide resistance. GSTS1 and EST-6 were expressed at significantly higher levels in the blue/green morph than in the orange/yellow and gray/brown morphs. The expression levels of CYP4g15, CYP303A1, CYP4C62 and CYP6BD5 were significantly greater in the gray/brown and blue/green morphs than in the orange/yellow morph. These results suggest that insecticide susceptibility in D. citri is associated with color morphs. Detoxification enzyme activity and the relative expression of six detoxification genes may partially explain these differences. These results may facilitate further work to develop a management strategy for control of D. citri.

Acute renal toxicity of sodium chlorate: Redox imbalance, enhanced DNA damage, metabolic alterations and inhibition of brush border membrane enzymes in rats.

Sodium chlorate (NaClO3 ) is widely used in paper and pulp industries and as a non-selective herbicide. Humans can be exposed to NaClO3 through contaminated drinking water due to its improper and unchecked usage in industries and as herbicide. NaClO3 is also present as a major stable by-product in drinking water that has been disinfected with chlorine dioxide. In this study, we have investigated the effect of a single acute oral dose of NaClO3 on rat kidney. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into one control and four NaClO3 treated groups that were orally given different doses of NaClO3 and euthanized 24 hr after the treatment. Oral administration of NaClO3 resulted in increased hydrogen peroxide levels, lipid, and protein oxidation while thiol and glutathione content and activities of brush border membrane enzymes were decreased in kidney in a NaClO3 dose-dependent manner. Significant alterations in the activities of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant defense were also observed. Administration of NaClO3 induced DNA fragmentation and increased DNA-protein cross-linking. Histological studies showed marked damage in kidney from NaClO3 treated animals. These results strongly suggest that NaClO3 induces nephrotoxicity via redox imbalance that results in DNA and membrane damage, metabolic alterations and brush border membrane enzyme dysfunction.

Mobilization of copper ions in human peripheral lymphocytes by catechins leading to oxidative DNA breakage: A structure activity study.

Epidemiological studies suggest that dietary consumption of plant polyphenols is related to a lower incidence of various cancers. Among these compounds catechins (present in green tea and other beverages) are considered to be potent inducers of apoptosis and cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Thus these compounds can be used as leads to synthesize novel anticancer drugs with greater bioavailability. In view of this in this paper we have examined the chemical basis of cytotoxicity of catechins by studying the structure-activity relationship between catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Using single cell alkaline gel electrophoresis (comet assay) we have established the relative efficiency of cellular DNA breakage as EGCG>EGC>EC>C. We also show that cellular DNA breakage is the result of mobilization of copper ions bound to chromatin and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Further the relative DNA binding affinity order was confirmed using molecular docking and thermodynamic studies by studying the interaction of catechins with calf thymus DNA. The results suggest that the synthesis of any novel anti cancer molecule based on the structure of catechins should have as many galloyl moieties as possible resulting in an increased number of hydroxyl groups that may facilitate the binding of the molecule to cellular DNA.

Mobilization of Copper ions by Flavonoids in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes Leads to Oxidative DNA Breakage: A Structure Activity Study.

Epidemiological studies have linked dietary consumption of plant polyphenols with lower incidence of various cancers. In particular, flavonoids (present in onion, tomato and other plant sources) induce apoptosis and cytotoxicity in cancer cells. These can therefore be used as lead compounds for the synthesis of novel anticancer drugs with greater bioavailability. In the present study, we examined the chemical basis of cytotoxicity of flavonoids by studying the structure-activity relationship of myricetin (MN), fisetin (FN), quercetin (QN), kaempferol (KL) and galangin (GN). Using single cell alkaline gel electrophoresis (comet assay), we established the relative efficiency of cellular DNA breakage as MN > FN > QN > KL > GN. Also, we determined that the cellular DNA breakage was the result of mobilization of chromatin-bound copper ions and the generation of reactive oxygen species. The relative DNA binding affinity order was further confirmed using molecular docking and thermodynamic studies through the interaction of flavonoids with calf thymus DNA. Our results suggest that novel anti-cancer molecules should have ortho-dihydroxy groups in B-ring and hydroxyl groups at positions 3 and 5 in the A-ring system. Additional hydroxyl groups at other positions further enhance the cellular cytotoxicity of the flavonoids.

Dissipation patterns of the fungicide difenoconazole (25% EC) in apples grown in Kashmir, India.

Dissipation patterns were studied following two applications of difenoconazole (score 25% EC) at 300 and 600 g ai ha(-1) as single and double dose respectively on Golden Delicious and Starkrimson cultivars of apple. Samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 30 days (harvest) post treatment. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.004 and 0.008 µg g(-1), respectively. Half-life periods for Golden Delicious were found to be 6.09 and 6.70 days, and for Starkrimson, these values were observed to be 5.34 and 5.80 days, at single and double doses, respectively. Difenoconazole residues dissipated below its LOQ of 0.008 µg g(-1) after 30 day post treatment at a single dose in both the cultivars. Waiting periods of 13.06 and 10.72 days are suggested for Golden Delicious and Starkrimson cultivars at a recommended dose of 300 g ai ha(-1), respectively.

An isolated renal hydatid cyst in a 6-year-old child: A rare case report.

Isolated involvement of the kidney is rare in hydatid disease and is even rarer in children. We present a case of primary right renal hydatid cyst in 6-year-old female child who presented with pain right flank of 4 months duration. The patient was managed by nephrectomy.

A comprehensive review on the hepatotoxicity of herbs used in the Indian (Ayush) systems of alternative medicine.

Complementary and alternative medicine-related liver injuries are increasing globally. Alternative medicine, as an inclusive healthcare practice, is widely accepted in developing and underdeveloped countries. In this context, the traditional systems of medicine in India have been at the forefront, catering to the preventive and therapeutic spectrum in the absence of conclusive evidence for benefits and lack of data on safety. Contrary to popular belief, it is evident that apart from adverse events caused by contamination and adulteration of alternative medicines, certain commonly used herbal components have inherent hepatotoxicity. This narrative review updates our current understanding and increasing publications on the liver toxicity potential of commonly used herbs in traditional Indian systems of medicine (Ayush), such as Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook.f. & Thomson (Giloy/Guduchi), Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha), Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric), and Psoralea corylifolia L. (Bakuchi/Babchi). This review also highlights the importance of the upcoming liver toxicity profiles associated with other traditional herbs used as dietary supplements, such as Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., Garcinia cambogia Desr., Cassia angustifolia Vahl (Indian senna), and Morinda citrofolia L. (Noni fruit). Fortunately, most reported liver injuries due to these herbs are self-limiting, but can lead to progressive liver dysfunction, leading to acute liver failure or acute chronic liver failure with a high mortality rate. This review also aims to provide adequate knowledge regarding herbalism in traditional practices, pertinent for medical doctors to diagnose, treat, and prevent avoidable liver disease burdens within communities, and improve public health and education.

An overview of the ameliorative efficacy of Catharanthus roseus extract against Cd2+ toxicity: implications for human health and remediation strategies.

Rapid industrialization has led to an increase in cadmium pollution, a dangerously toxic heavy metal. Cadmium (Cd) is released into the environment through industrial processes and can contaminate air, water, and soil. This pollution poses a significant risk to human health and has become a pressing concern in many industrialized areas. Due to its extended half-life, it leads to a range of health problems, including hepato-nephritic toxicity, brain damage, and degenerative bone disorders. Intoxication alters various intracellular parameters, leading to inflammation, tissue injury, and oxidative stress within cells, which disrupts normal cellular functions and can eventually result in cell death. It has also been linked to the development of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. These adverse effects highlight the urgent need to address cadmium pollution and find effective solutions to mitigate its impact on human health. This article highlights the Cd-induced risks and the role of Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) extract as a source of alternative medicine in alleviating the symptoms. Numerous herbal remedies often contain certain bioactive substances, such as polyphenols and alkaloids, which have the power to mitigate these adverse effects by acting as antioxidants and lowering oxidative cell damage. Research conducted in the field of alternative medicine has revealed its enormous potential to meet demands that may be effectively used in safeguarding humans and their environment. The point of this review is to investigate whether C. roseus extract, known for its bioactive substances, is being investigated for its potential to mitigate the harmful effects of cadmium on health. Further investigation is needed to fully understand its effectiveness. Moreover, it is important to explore the potential environmental benefits of using C. roseus extract to reduce the negative effects of Cd. This review conducted in the field of alternative medicine has revealed its enormous potential to meet demands that could have significant implications for both human health and environmental sustainability.

Uncommon cause of radiculopathy: A case of symptomatic Tarlov cyst in an elderly female and literature review.

Key Clinical Message: Tarlov cysts are uncommon causes of sacral radiculopathy, with particular predilection to second and third sacral roots, requiring timely diagnosis with lumbosacral MRI, and surgical management if symptomatic. Abstract: Tarlov cysts or Type II meningeal cysts, are CSF-filled sacs located in the extradural space of the sacral spinal canal, commonly originating at the dorsal root ganglion. While they were first documented by Tarlov in 1938, their etiology remains uncertain, with theories suggesting trauma-induced bleeding or congenital abnormalities. These cysts, estimated to affect between 1% and 9% of the adult population, typically manifest as incidental findings but may lead to symptoms such as radiculopathies, sacral pain, and weakness in related sacral muscles. We present a case of a 63-year-old female presenting with recurrent left buttock pain and radiating leg discomfort. Physical examination revealed tenderness in the left buttock region, positive straight leg raise test, and minimal sensory deficits in the S1-S2 dermatomes. A provisional diagnosis of radiculopathy was made, prompting further evaluation with MRI, revealing a Tarlov cyst and absence of lumbar spinal canal stenosis or neural foraminal compromise. The patient declined intervention and was managed conservatively. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic considerations in managing symptomatic Tarlov cysts, emphasizing the importance of tailored treatment strategies.

Citizens protein project: A self-funded, transparent, and concerning report on analysis of popular protein supplements sold in the Indian market.

Protein powders, including those containing herbal and dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and other natural or synthetic ingredients, can be associated with hepatotoxicity. Protein supplements are often mislabeled and deceptive in their contents. In this self-funded transparent study, we extensively analyzed popular protein supplements in India to identify potential hepatotoxic substances based on industrial standards. All products underwent extensive analysis, including total protein content, fungal aflatoxin detection, pesticide residue estimation, heavy metal quantification, steroid detection, and complete organic and inorganic profiling, according to industry standards. Most protein supplements did not meet the labeled and advertised protein content, while certain brands surpassed the stated levels, raising concerns about potential "protein/amino-spiking." In addition, the major brands contained detectable fungal toxins and pesticide residues. Furthermore, many major formulations contained harmful heavy metals such as lead and arsenic, and some featured hepatoxic herbal extracts, particularly green tea extract, turmeric, Garcinia cambogia, and Ashwagandha. Indian-made products were inferior to those manufactured by multinational companies. The presence of various potentially toxic compounds, such as cycloheptatriene, benzene derivatives, toluene, and isopropyl alcohol, within a nonstandardized and unregulated diverse ingredient mix added to the overall concern. We demonstrate that the protein-based herbal and dietary supplement industry requires stringent scrutiny, regulation, and basic safety studies before being marketed. Manufacturers must consider reducing "ingredient complexities" of their protein powders to prevent adverse interactions between herbal and nonherbal components in consumers. Manufacturers must avoid using known toxic ingredients to reduce the avoidable disease burden within the public community.

Advanced machine learning approach for DoS attack resilience in internet of vehicles security.

Recent years have witnessed security as a great concern in vehicular networks (VANET). Particularly, Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks can jeopardize the network by broadcasting a storm of packets. Correspondingly, the network resources are jammed with malicious traffic. In this connection, the existing research presented various techniques to cope with DoS and DDoS attacks. Different from those traditional approaches, this study proposes an Intelligent Intrusion Detection System (IDS) by leveraging Machine Learning (ML). The proposed IDS utilizes a publicly available dataset on the application layer for mitigating DDoS attacks. The designed ML-based IDS relies on combining both the Random Projection (RP) and Randomized Matrix Factorization (RMF) methods to achieve the best results for enhancing the detection capabilities of the IDS. This amalgamation enhances the system's detection capabilities by extracting and analyzing meaningful features from network traffic data. Experimental validation of our approach involves a comprehensive evaluation of various ML models, including Extra Tree Classifier (ETC), Logistic Regression (LR), and Random Forest (RF). Remarkably, the combined accuracy of these models yields an average system accuracy of 0.98, surpassing existing methods. Unlike conventional approaches, our proposed IDS excels in efficiency and exhibits notable performance in detecting DoS and DDoS attacks in VANET. This proficiency ensures the integrity and safety of vehicle communications. Thus, our research substantially contributes to the vehicular network security field. The presented findings establish a foundation for future advancements in securing connected vehicles.

Complementary and alternative medicines and liver disease.

Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) include conventional medical treatments. Patients worldwide use CAM at alarming rates; thus, reports of CAM-related DILI have been on the rise. The clinical presentations include asymptomatic liver test abnormalities, acute hepatitis with or without jaundice, acute cholestatic liver disease (bland or with hepatitis), acute liver failure, severe hepatitis with features of portal hypertension, and acute decompensation of known or unknown cirrhosis that can lead to acute-on-chronic liver failure. Acute hepatitis with or without necrosis, hepatocellular and canalicular cholestasis, herb-induced or CAM-triggered autoimmune hepatitis, granulomatous hepatitis, severe steatohepatitis, and vanishing bile duct syndrome are common liver biopsy findings in CAM-DILI. The presence of preexisting liver disease predicts severe liver injury, risk of progression to liver failure, and decreased transplant-free survival in patients with CAM-DILI. This review discusses global epidemiology and trends in CAM-DILI, clinical presentation, assessment and outcomes, commonly emerging threats in the context of hepatotoxic herbs, pragmatic assessment of "liver beneficial" herbs and health care myths, patient communication, regulatory framework, and future directions on research in CAM.

Morel-Lavallée lesion of the lumbosacral region: A rare case report and comprehensive review of the literature.

The presentation of a Morel-Lavallée lesion in the lumbosacral region following a road traffic accident is an uncommon clinical entity. Knowledge of this rare site of occurrence can help in early diagnosis and proper management.

Development and validation of modified Liaoning score for predicting the prognosis of liver cirrhosis: a retrospective, international multicenter, observational study.

BACKGROUND: Liaoning score has been developed and validated to predict the risk of esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis. This study aimed to further modify the Liaoning score by combining clinical and laboratory parameters to predict the long-term outcome of cirrhotic patients. METHODS: First, 474 cirrhotic patients were retrospectively enrolled from Shenyang, China as the training cohort. Independent predictors for death were identified by competing risk analyses, and then a new prognostic model, called as modified Liaoning score, was developed. Its performance was externally validated at three centers from Fuzhou, China (n = 1944), Jinan, China (n = 485), and São Paulo, Brazil (n = 221). RESULTS: Age, total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB), serum creatinine (SCr), and Liaoning score were independently associated with death in the training cohort. Modified Liaoning score = 0.159×Liaoning score + 0.010×TBIL(µmol/L)+0.029×age(years)+0.011×SCr(µmol/L)-0.037×ALB(g/L). The area under curve of modified Liaoning score was 0.714 (95%CI = 0.655-0.773), which was higher than that of Child-Pugh score (0.707, 95%CI = 0.645-0.770), MELD score (0.687, 95%CI = 0.623-0.751), and Liaoning score (0.583, 95%CI = 0.513-0.654). A modified Liaoning score of ≥ 1.296 suggested a higher cumulative incidence of death in liver cirrhosis (p < 0.001). Modified Liaoning score still had the highest prognostic performance in Chinese and Brazilian validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: Modified Liaoning score can be considered for predicting the long-term outcome of cirrhotic patients.

Oral Administration of Copper Chloride Damages DNA, Lowers Antioxidant Defense, Alters Metabolic Status, and Inhibits Membrane Bound Enzymes in Rat Kidney.

Copper (Cu) is a heavy metal that is widely used in industries and is also an essential micronutrient for living beings. However, excess Cu is toxic and human exposure to high levels of this metal results in numerous adverse health effects. We have investigated the effect of oral administration of copper chloride (CuCl2), a Cu(II) compound, on various parameters of oxidative stress, cellular metabolism, and DNA integrity in the rat kidney. This was done to delineate the molecular mechanism of Cu(II) toxicity. Adult male rats were randomly divided into five groups. Animals in four CuCl2-treated groups were separately administered single acute oral dose of CuCl2 at 5, 15, 30, and 40 mg/kg body weight. Animals in the fifth group were not given CuCl2 and served as the control. All rats were sacrificed 24 h after the dose of CuCl2 and their kidneys removed. CuCl2 administration led to significant alterations in enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters of oxidative stress. It changed the activities of metabolic and membrane bound enzymes and also decreased the activities of brush border membrane enzymes. CuCl2 treatment dose-dependently enhanced DNA damage and DNA-protein crosslinking in renal cells, when compared to the control group. The administration of CuCl2 also resulted in marked morphological changes in the kidney, with more prominent alterations at higher doses of CuCl2. These results clearly show that CuCl2 impairs the antioxidant defense system resulting in oxidative damage to the kidney.

Optimizing Skin Cancer Survival Prediction with Ensemble Techniques.

The advancement in cancer research using high throughput technology and artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining momentum to improve disease diagnosis and targeted therapy. However, the complex and imbalanced data with high dimensionality pose significant challenges for computational approaches and multi-omics data analysis. This study focuses on predicting skin cancer and analyzing overall survival probability. We employ the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox proportional hazards regression model, utilizing high-throughput machine learning (ML)-based ensemble methods. Our proposed ML-based ensemble techniques are applied to a publicly available dataset from the ICGC Data Portal, specifically targeting skin cutaneous melanoma cancers (SKCM). We used eight baseline classifiers, namely, random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), gradient boosting (GB), AdaBoost, Gaussian naïve Bayes (GNB), extra tree (ET), logistic regression (LR), and light gradient boosting machine (Light GBM or LGBM). The study evaluated the performance of the proposed ensemble methods and survival analysis on SKCM. The proposed methods demonstrated promising results, outperforming other algorithms and models in terms of accuracy compared to traditional methods. Specifically, the RF classifier exhibited outstanding precision results. Additionally, four different ensemble methods (stacking, bagging, boosting, and voting) were created and trained to achieve optimal results. The performance was evaluated and interpreted using accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, confusion matrix, and ROC curves, where the voting method achieved a promising accuracy of 99%. On the other hand, the RF classifier achieved an outstanding accuracy of 99%, which exhibits the best performance. We compared our proposed study with the existing state-of-the-art techniques and found significant improvements in several key aspects. Our approach not only demonstrated superior performance in terms of accuracy but also showcased remarkable efficiency. Thus, this research work contributes to diagnosing SKCM with high accuracy.

Evaluation of free radical quenching, anti-inflammatory activity together with anticancer potential of Lychnis coronaria and characterization of novel molecules from its extract through high resolution-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry coupled to structural biochemistry approach.

Lychnis coronaria, a perennial (herbaceous) belonging to Caryophyllaceae has been traditionally used for treating different complications. However, the free radical scavenging effect, anti-inflammatory activity and anticancer property of methanolic extract of this plant has not been addressed. Most importantly, the chemical constituents present in the extract of Lychnis coronaria responsible for its diverse activities have not been scrutinized till date. Here, we used a complex approach for exploring the above mentioned effects of Lychnis coronaria. We performed rigorous phytochemical screening followed by quantification of tannins, phenols, alkaloids, quinones and sterols from the extract. Moreover we employed in vitro DPPH, ABTS , FRAP assay, albumin denaturation inhibition experiment, MTT assay, high resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for measurng the reactive oxygen species quenching, anti-inflammatory and anticancer strength of Lychnis coronaria and for identifying the possible bioactive molecules. We identified two novel molecules panaxynol (polyacetylenic alcohol) and norharman (9H-Pyrido [3, 4-B] indole) following rigorous analysis of the extract. Following this, the binding affinity of these molecules was estimated using human cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme as target. Among the constituents of Lychnis coronaria norharman manifested stronger binding towards COX-2 compared to panaxynol. Most importantly, norharman showed high stability in the groove of COX2 as confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation. Collectively, Lychnis coronaria manifested free radical neutralizing, inflammation soothing and anticancer effect in concentration dependent manner and thus may serve as a promising phytotherapeutic in future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.