The effect of Tegaderm™ versus EyeGard® on eyelid erythema during general anesthesia: a randomized-controlled trial.

PURPOSE: Application of adhesive tape to the eyelids during general anesthesia decreases the risk of corneal abrasion but may increase the risk of eyelid injury. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a difference in eyelid erythema when covering the eyelid with either Tegaderm™ or an EyeGard®. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, split-face study of patients undergoing general anesthesia at an urban tertiary care academic medical centre. Each patient was randomized to having one eyelid covered with Tegaderm and the other with EyeGard. Photographs were taken prior to extubation and evaluated by three dermatologists. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative eyelid erythema. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of corneal abrasion and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: A total of 151 patients were included in our final analysis. Erythema was present on 117 (77%) eyelids covered with Tegaderm and 105 (70%) eyelids covered with EyeGard (% difference, 8; 95% confidence interval, 2 to 14; P = 0.03). No corneal abrasions were reported. The median [interquartile range] patient satisfaction score with eyelid condition was similar with Tegaderm vs EyeGard (5 [5-5] vs 5 [5-5], respectively; P = 0.84). CONCLUSION: We found a small increase in postoperative eyelid erythema when using Tegaderm compared with EyeGard. While EyeGard could decrease the risk of eyelid erythema, this should be balanced against other potential benefits of Tegaderm such as protection from fluids leaking onto the cornea. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03549429); registered 8 June, 2018.

RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: L'application de ruban adhésif sur les paupières pendant l'anesthésie générale réduit le risque d'abrasion cornéenne mais pourrait augmenter le risque de lésion aux paupières. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer s'il existe une différence dans l'incidence d'érythème de la paupière lorsque l'on couvre la paupière à l'aide d'un Tegaderm™ ou d'un EyeGard®. MéTHODE: Nous avons réalisé une étude prospective, randomisée, à double insu et à visage divisé auprès de patients subissant une anesthésie générale dans un centre médical universitaire urbain de soins tertiaires. Chaque patient a été randomisé à avoir une paupière couverte de Tegaderm et l'autre d'un EyeGard. Des photos ont été prises avant l'extubation et évaluées par trois dermatologistes. Le critère d'évaluation principal était l'incidence d'érythème postopératoire de la paupière. Les critères secondaires comprenaient l'incidence d'abrasion cornéenne et la satisfaction des patients. RéSULTATS: Au total, 151 patients ont été inclus dans notre analyse finale. Il y avait présence d'érythème sur 117 (77 %) paupières couvertes de Tegaderm et 105 (70 %) paupières couvertes d'un EyeGard (% de différence, 8; intervalle de confiance 95 %, 2 à 14; P = 0,03). Aucune abrasion cornéenne n'a été rapportée. Le score médian [écart interquartile] de satisfaction des patients en ce qui touchait à l'état de leurs paupières était semblable pour le Tegaderm et le EyeGard (5 [5­5] vs 5 [5­5], respectivement; P = 0,84). CONCLUSION: Nous avons observé une légère augmentation du nombre d'érythèmes postopératoires de la paupière lors de l'utilisation du Tegaderm comparativement au EyeGard. Alors que le EyeGard pourrait réduire le risque d'érythème de la paupière, il convient de sous-peser ses avantages par rapport aux autres avantages potentiels du Tegaderm tels que la protection contre les liquides coulant sur la cornée. ENREGISTREMENT DE L'éTUDE: www.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03549429); enregistrée le 8 juin 2018.

Treatment of vitiligo with the topical Janus kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib.

BACKGROUND: Existing therapies for vitiligo are limited in efficacy and can be associated with undesirable side effects. Topical Janus kinase inhibitors may offer a new therapeutic option for vitiligo. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the role of topical ruxolitinib 1.5% cream, a Janus kinase inhibitor, in vitiligo treatment. METHODS: This 20-week, open-label, proof-of-concept trial of twice-daily topical ruxolitinib 1.5% cream was conducted in 12 patients with a minimum of 1% affected body surface area of vitiligo. The primary outcome was percent improvement in Vitiligo Area Scoring Index from baseline to week 20. RESULTS: Of 12 patients screened, 11 were enrolled and 9 completed the study (54.5% men; mean age, 52 years). Four patients with significant facial involvement at baseline had a 76% improvement in facial Vitiligo Area Scoring Index scores at week 20 (95% confidence interval, 53-99%; P = .001). A 23% improvement in overall Vitiligo Area Scoring Index scores was observed in all enrolled patients at week 20 (95% confidence interval, 4-43%; P = .02). Three of 8 patients responded on body surfaces and 1 of 8 patients responded on acral surfaces. Adverse events were minor, including erythema, hyperpigmentation, and transient acne. LIMITATIONS: Limitations of the study include the small sample size and open-label study design. CONCLUSIONS: Topical ruxolitinib 1.5% cream provided significant repigmentation in facial vitiligo and may offer a valuable new treatment for vitiligo.

Klippel-Trenauney syndrome with axillary hyperhidrosis.

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare, clinically variable congenital disorder involving capillary malformations, soft tissue or bone hypertrophy, and venous malformations or varicose veins. We report a 28-year-old man who presented with a hypertrophic right arm as well as markedly increased ipsilateral axillary hyperhidrosis and erythematous patches on the back, chest, and arm. This case of KTS is unusual because our patient presented with a markedly increased unilateral axillary hyperhidrosis ipsilateral to the hypertrophic limb.

Cutaneous mucinosis in a patient taking ustekinumab for palmoplantar psoriasis.

Discrete papular lichen myxedematosus (DPLM), asubset of localized lichen myxedematosus, is a rarecutaneous mucinosis of unknown etiology. We reporta case of a 57-year-old woman with palmoplantarpsoriasis who developed DPLM 8 weeks after addingustekinumab to a long-term course of methotrexate.The patient had previously failed 2 prior tumor necrosisfactor (TNF) inhibitors, adalimumab and etanercept.This case demonstrates an association between TNFinhibitor and ustekinumab use in a psoriasis patientand localized lichen myxedematosus for the secondtime in the literature. The presented case is of interestbecause of the rare diagnosis of DPLM, especially inassociation with the start of the anti-IL 12/23 agentustekinumab. The appearance of DPLM in this settingsuggests a possible etiology for the disease.

Lower Socioeconomic Status is Associated With Decreased Therapeutic Response to the Biologic Agents in Psoriasis Patients.

BACKGROUND: Lower socioeconomic status is associated with poorer overall health outcomes. However, few studies have examined the impact of socioeconomic status on psoriasis. OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of individual socioeconomic status on systemic therapeutic outcomes amongst psoriasis patients. METHODS: The study analyzed 156 psoriasis patients treated at the Tufts Medical Center Department of Dermatology from 2008-2014. Individual socioeconomic status was inferred from neighborhood income, defined as the percentage of households with income below the federal poverty line (% below FPL) in the patient's census tract. The following outcomes were compared between socioeconomic groups: improvement in simple measure for assessing psoriasis activity (S-MAPA) score at 12 weeks, primary and secondary drug failure rates, and incidence of documented medication non-adherence. RESULTS: Those patients living in relatively poorer neighborhoods (% below FPL ≤ 10%) experienced a significantly decreased improvement in S-MAPA score at 12 weeks of biologic treatment when compared to those in relatively richer neighborhoods (% below FPL >10%), 23.2% vs. 45.5%, P=0.021. Patients living in poorer neighborhoods also had a significantly higher rate of primary drug failure when treated with biologics (34.7% vs. 18.4%, P=0.039) and were significantly more likely to have ≥ 1 documented instance of medication non-adherence when treated with biologics (45.5% vs. 8.8%, P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design, small sample size CONCLUSIONS: Our study offers preliminary data that suggests lower socioeconomic status may be associated with decreased clinical response to the biologic agents, presumably through decreased medication adherence.

Biologic and Conventional Systemic Therapies Show Similar Safety and Efficacy in Elderly and Adult Patients With Moderate to Severe Psoriasis.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Despite the aging population, few studies have documented the treatment of geriatric psoriasis. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy, safety, and prescribing patterns of biologics and conventional systemic medications in elderly versus adult psoriasis. METHODS: All patient visits coded for psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis (ICD-9 696.1 or 696.0) at the Tufts Medical Center General Dermatology Clinic from January 1, 2008, to March 1, 2015 were included in this retrospective cohort study. The outcome measure used was the validated simple-measure for assessing psoriasis activity (S-MAPA), the product of the physician's global assessment and the body surface area. RESULTS: 194 patients who underwent 278 treatment courses were included in the study. 48 patients were included in the elderly cohort (≥ 65 years old) and 146 in the adult cohort (18-64 years old). There was no significant difference in S-MAPA improvement at 12 weeks between the two cohorts when treated with biologics (42.92% improvement in adults, 48.77% in elderly; P=0.498) or conventional systemics (43.96% and 51.82%, respectively; P=0.448). Within the elderly cohort, there was no significant difference in efficacy of biologics versus conventional systemics at any time point. Topical prescription rates were significantly higher in the elderly cohort ( P=0.004) while biologic prescription rates were significantly lower ( P=0.014) despite the same baseline S-MAPA in both age groups. For both biologics and conventional systemics, there was no statistically significant intergroup difference in the rate of adverse events ( P=0.322 for biologics; P=0.581 for conventional systemics) or infection ( P=0.753 for biologics; P=0.828 for conventional systemics). Within the elderly cohort, there was a higher rate of adverse events with conventional systemic treatment than with biologic treatment ( P=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary evidence to suggest that biologic and conventional systemic therapies are similarly safe and effective in the elderly and non-elderly cohorts. Within the elderly population, biologics may be a safer option than conventional systemic agents.

Clearance of psoriasis: the impact of private versus public insurance.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis treatments and therapeutic response as they relate to private versus public patient insurance in the United States have not yet been reviewed. Improved understanding could clarify factors challenging optimal psoriasis management and offer insight for dermatologists treating psoriasis within our healthcare system. METHODS: 258 subjects were included from a database of psoriasis patients seen at Tufts Medical Center (Boston, MA) during 2008-2014. Insurance was classified as primarily private or public (Medicare or MassHealth/Medicaid). Patients required a minimum of two consecutive visits per treatment and at least 8 weeks within one of four treatment categories: biologics, oral systemics/ phototherapy, combined biologics and oral systemics/phototherapy, or topicals only. Primary endpoint was the Simple-Measure for Assessing Psoriasis Activity (S-MAPA) calculated by multiplying Physician Global Assessment by Body Surface Area. S-MAPA<3 constituted absolute clearance. Insurance type was evaluated as a predictor of prescribed treatment categories, maximum S-MAPA improvement from baseline, and total drugs used per treatment course ("drug-switching"). RESULTS: 80.2% (n=207) and 19.8% (n=51) had primarily private and public insurance, respectively. 69.6% with private insurance were prescribed biologics versus 66.7% (public insurance) (P=0.689). 54% (private) versus 49% (public) achieved clearance (P=0.514). However, S-MAPA decreased 78.35% from baseline in those with private insurance compared to 61.48% (public) (P=0.036). On average, privately insured patients used at least twice as many same-category treatments, most commonly biologics, than publicly insured individuals (P=0.003). Drug-switching was significantly associated with clearance (P=0.024). Multivariate analysis demonstrated no significant differences in prescribed treatment categories, drug efficacy, clearance, S-MAPA, or drugswitching with respect to patient age. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment categories were comparably prescribed between insurance subgroups. However, privately insured patients achieved significantly greater degrees of clearance and switched between more medications within biologic and systemic categories, potentially explaining their overall improved therapeutic response. Further studies including cost-analysis could clarify any difference in the effectiveness of prescribed therapy for these two patient populations.

Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Primary Failure Predicts Decreased Ustekinumab Efficacy in Psoriasis Patients.

BACKGROUND: Additional studies are needed to examine the efficacy of ustekinumab in psoriasis patients who have previously been exposed to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). OBJECTIVE: To examine the predictive effect of TNFi primary failure and the number of TNFi exposures on the efficacy of ustekinumab in psoriasis treatment. METHODS: This retrospective study examined 44 psoriasis patients treated at the Tufts Medical Center Department of Dermatology between January 2008 and July 2014. Patients were selected if they were treated with ustekinumab and had ≥ 1 previous TNFi exposure. The following subgroups were compared: patients with vs without a previous TNFi primary failure, and patients with one vs multiple previous TNFi exposures. The efficacy measure used was the previously validated Simple Measure for Assessing Psoriasis Activity (S-MAPA), which is calculated by the product of the body surface area and physician global assessment. The primary outcome was the percentage improvement S-MAPA from course baseline at week 12 of ustekinumab treatment. Secondary outcomes were the psoriasis clearance, primary failure, and secondary failure rates with ustekinumab treatment. RESULTS: Patients with a previous TNFi primary failure had a significantly lower percentage improvement in S-MAPA score at week 12 of ustekinumab treatment compared with patients without TNFi primary failure (36.2% vs 61.1%, P=.027). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that this relationship was independent of patient demographics and medical comorbidities. Patients with multiple TNFi exposures had a non-statistically significant lower percentage S-MAPA improvement at week 12 (40.5% vs 52.9%, P=.294) of ustekinumab treatment compared with patients with a single TNFi exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Among psoriasis patients previously exposed to TNFi, a history of a previous TNFi primary failure predicts a decreased response to ustekinumab independent of patient demographics and medical comorbidities.

A comparison of psoriasis drug failure rates and reasons for discontinuation in biologics vs conventional systemic therapies.

BACKGROUND: Although biologic therapies have been shown to be more effective than traditional systemic therapies in clinical trials for the treatment of psoriasis, the drug survival time and reasons for discontinuation of biologics in clinical practice have not been compared with those of conventional systemic therapies. DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional. METHODS: All patient visits coded for psoriasis (ICD-0 696.1) in the clinical practice of 2 dermatologists from January 1 2008 through January 4 2012 were included in this retrospective data analysis. The practice is a comprehensive psoriasis care center in the northeastern United States serving a metropolitan population of over 4 million people. Patients were divided by treatment type: biologic or traditional systemic. Treatment failure was defined as discontinuation of treatment course for any reason. Patient time to failure for each therapy was calculated, as were previous treatments and reasons for treatment discontinuation. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-nine patients who underwent 284 courses of treatment were studied. Forty-eight percent of biologics failed in an average of 242 days, compared with 75% of traditional systemics (P<.0001), which failed in an average of 143 days (P<.0001). Infliximab had the longest survival time (292 days), and ustekinumab had the smallest failure rate (39%). Reasons for discontinuation differed significantly between biologics and systemics, with biologics being discontinued more often due to loss of efficacy (P=.0014), and systemics failing significantly more frequently due to adverse events (P<.001). Adverse events were observed most frequently with methotrexate and infliximab, while golimumab had the highest rates of both loss and lack of efficacy. CONCLUSION: Biologics had longer survival times and lower failure rates than traditional systemics in the treatment of psoriasis. Biologics were more likely to be discontinued due to loss of efficacy, and systemics were more likely to fail due to adverse events.

A randomized, prospective, sham-controlled study of localized narrow-band UVB phototherapy in the treatment of plaque psoriasis.

IMPORTANCE: UV phototherapy remains a useful and frequently employed treatment for chronic plaque psoriasis. In those patients with plaque body surface area less than 10%, targeted treatment is the safest and most effective modality. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the Levia® localized NB-UVB phototherapy machine in the treatment of patients with symmetrical psoriatic lesions. DESIGN: We performed a prospective, double-blinded, sham-treatment controlled study of this device beginning March 2012 through April 2014. SETTING: a comprehensive dermatology clinic in the northeastern United States. PARTICIPANTS: 21 subjects with chronic plaque psoriasis. INTERVENTIONS: Each patient had one lesion randomized to receive the Levia treatment and one lesion (the control) treated with visible light. Treatment was administered three times a week for twelve weeks. Target lesion score (TLS), a rating of 0-4 each of erythema, scaling, and thickness, was measured biweekly by a blinded assessor, and visual analogue scale of pruritus was recorded by subjects. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome, formulated prior to study initiation, was the percentage of lesions achieving clear or almost clear TLS after 12 weeks of treatment. Secondary endpoints included changes in target lesion pruritus VAS, percentage improvement in TLS, and the percentage of subjects achieving 50% improvement in TLS (TLS-50). RESULTS: The primary endpoint, TLS of three or less, was not achieved (P=0.118), but the secondary endpoints of percentage improvement in TLS (P=0.043) and TLS-50 (P=0.0195) were significantly superior in treated compared to sham-treated lesions. Percentage improvement in pruritus VAS was not significant (P=0.0565). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This device was found to be efficacious, though not necessarily to the point of clearance, in the treatment of psoriasis over a 12-week period. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT02107482, http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02107482

Continuous versus intermittent therapy for moderate-to-severe psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Unlike other chronic inflammatory diseases receiving continuous treatment, psoriasis has traditionally been treated intermittently secondary to concern for cumulative toxicity of conventional systemic therapies. However, the development of targeted anti-inflammatory biologic agents allowed for continuous therapy for most patients. Herein, we review the literature for intermittent versus continuous use of widely available therapies for moderate-to-severe psoriasis: phototherapy, topical corticosteroids, conventional systemic therapies and biologic agents. These data support continuous treatment in biologic therapy, such as etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, and ustekinumab. Intermittent therapy with biologic agents leads to decreased efficacy and sometimes increased side effects. When conventional systemic therapy is used continuously, it is more efficacious; however the data support intermittent use of methotrexate and cyclosporine due to cumulative toxicities. Psoriasis severity may wax and wane, but it is a chronic disease requiring continuous treatment for optimal control of inflammatory activity and to minimise cutaneous involvement.

Comparison of the efficacy of biologics versus conventional systemic therapies in the treatment of psoriasis at a comprehensive psoriasis care center.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of biologic treatment for psoriasis has not been compared to that of conventional systemic therapies and phototherapy outside of clinical trial settings. DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional. METHODS: All patient visits with a code for psoriasis (ICD-9 696.1) in the clinical practice of two dermatologists with a high percentage (over 70% of chief complaints) of psoriasis patients from Jan 1, 2008 to Jan 4, 2012 inclusive were included in this retrospective data analysis. Patients were excluded if the baseline Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) at start of treatment was unknown, or less than 3 (moderate). The practice is a comprehensive psoriasis care center in the Northeastern United States serving a metropolitan population of over 4 million people. Patients were divided by treatment type (biologic, conventional systemic or both) and history of previous treatments. Patients were evaluated by Body Surface Area (BSA), PGA, Simple-Measure for Assessing Psoriasis Activity (S-MAPA, calculated by BSA multiplied by PGA). Patients were evaluated at baseline, 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks after start of treatment. Patients must have completed at least 8 weeks on a single treatment in order to be included. RESULTS: 46 courses of biologics, 12 courses of conventional systemic therapies, and 18 courses of both together were identified with PGA 3 or greater at baseline. Baseline S-MAPA for biologics was 74, for non-biologic systemics was 62.25. At week 24, S-MAPA improved 70.2% over baseline in patients treated with biologics, patients treated with non-biologic systemics improved by only 40.4% (P<0.05). The average number of prior treatments for patients on biologics was 1.87 versus 1.25 for patients on conventional systemic therapies (P=0.169). CONCLUSION: Biologics show superior results to conventional systemic therapies (70% improvement versus 40% improvement) for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis, as measured by decrease in S-MAPA (PGA multiplied by BSA) at week 24. These results were observed despite the fact that patients on biologics had a greater baseline severity and had a greater number of previous treatments.

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in children with psoriatic disease.

Adults with psoriasis have a greater risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but few studies have investigated the prevalence of MetS and other risk factors for CVD in children with psoriasis. In an assessor-blinded study, 20 children ages 9-17 years with a current or previously documented history of psoriasis involving 5% or more of their body surface area or psoriatic arthritis were compared with a cohort of age- and sex-matched controls with benign nevi, warts, or acne. MetS, our primary endpoint, was defined by the presence of abnormal values in at least three of the following measures: triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), waist circumference, and blood pressure. Secondary endpoints included high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Thirty percent (6/20) of children with psoriasis met the criteria for MetS, compared with 5% (1/20) of the control group (p < 0.05). Subjects with psoriasis had higher mean FBG (91.1 mg/dL) than the control group (82.9 mg/dL) (p = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in the other four components of MetS, BMI, BMI percentile, hs-CRP, TC, or LDL-C. The results of this trial demonstrate that children with psoriasis have higher rates of MetS than age- and sex-matched controls. It may therefore be important to evaluate children with psoriasis for components of MetS to prevent future CVD morbidity and mortality.

A phase 2, open-label, investigator-initiated study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of apremilast in subjects with recalcitrant allergic contact or atopic dermatitis.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of apremilast, a novel phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, in subjects with recalcitrant moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) or allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a proof-of-concept, phase 2, open-label, single institution trial that evaluated the efficacy and safety of apremilast, 20 mg twice daily, for twelve weeks, in ten subjects with either AD and/or ACD. The primary endpoint was a ?2 point improvement in Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) score after 12 weeks of treatment. Secondary endpoints included a 75% reduction in the Eczema Assessment Severity Index (EASI-75), EASI-50, and the maximum EASI response. RESULTS: The primary endpoint of improvement in IGA by two or more points was met by 20% of subjects. Ten percent of subjects achieved EASI-75 and another 10% reached EASI-50. All subjects tolerated apremilast well with no serious adverse events or withdrawal due to side effects. Common adverse events associated with apremilast included headache, nausea, and soft stool. LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by its small sample size and lack of a comparison group to serve as a control. CONCLUSIONS: Apremilast was well tolerated in all subjects. Apremilast was minimally effective in AD and ACD and results were inferior to previous trials of apremilast in psoriasis.

Durapore vs. Hy-Tape for securing endotracheal tubes during general anaesthesia: a prospective randomised controlled non-inferiority trial.

INTRODUCTION: Adhesive tape is commonly used to secure endotracheal tubes (ETT) during general anaesthesia. Although a variety of adhesives are used in practice, few studies have investigated the likelihood of different adhesives in producing facial skin injury. Given that differences in cost exist between adhesives that are often used interchangeably, it would be prudent to use the most economical option. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A single-centre, prospective, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial of patients undergoing general anaesthesia with an ETT was conducted. Patients were randomised in a blinded fashion to use Durapore (DP) on either the right or left side of the face to secure the ETT, with Hy-Tape (HT) on the contralateral side. Skin photographs were taken prior to tape application and following tape removal. These were evaluated by three dermatologists to determine presence or absence of facial skin erythema, scaling, oedema, and tearing. Differences were compared using McNemar's test. For outcomes analysis, a non-inferiority margin of 20% difference was used with respect to the 95% CI. RESULTS: Among 112 patients, 33.0% were male, with a mean (SD) age of 55.6 (15.9) years. Comparing DP vs. HT, noninferiority was demonstrated in the patients with skin erythema (1.8% difference, 95% CI: -5.6 to 9.2, P = 0.79), oedema (3.6% difference, 95% CI: -2.8 to 10.0%, P = 0.34), scaling (5.4% difference, 95% CI: -4.1 to 14.8, P = 0.31), and tearing (0.9% difference, 95% CI: -5.2 to 7.3, P > 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: There is a non-inferior difference in the proportion of patients with facial skin erythema after use of DP vs. HT to secure the ETT.

Assessor-blinded study of the metabolic syndrome and surrogate markers of increased cardiovascular risk in children with moderate-to-severe psoriasis compared with age-matched population of children with warts.

Adult patients with psoriasis have an increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors due to elevations of Tumor Necrosis Factor and other inflammatory cytokines.1,2 Recently, higher rates of hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were seen in patients with juvenile psoriasis.3 Here, we report the interim results of an ongoing study of MetS and CVD risk factors in pediatric psoriasis patients.

Failure rates and survival times of systemic and biologic therapies in treating psoriasis: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Systemic and biologic therapies have varying failure rates and survival times in treating psoriasis. OBJECTIVE: We aim to describe the patterns of therapy failure in psoriasis patients. METHODS: A retrospective (January 2009 to May 2018) analysis of 250 psoriasis patients seen at a psoriasis referral center, and 806 treatment courses of several systemic and biologic therapies, was conducted to determine failure rates and survival times for systemic and biologic therapies. RESULTS: Systemic therapies failed more often due to their adverse effects (16.4% vs 7.2%, p < .001). Biologics failed more often due to secondary failure (24.2% vs. 9.3%, p < .001). Biologics had a longer survival time (23.9 ± 22.2 vs. 12.6 ± 15.4 months, p < .001), even with early failures (≤6 months) removed (29.0 ± 22.5 vs. 21.1 ± 16.4 months, p = .014). LIMITATIONS: Tertiary referral center, unreported causes of failure, sample size. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic therapies fail more often due to adverse effects while biologics fail more often due to loss of efficacy. Biologic therapies have longer survival times than systemic therapies.