Real-world clinical outcomes of patients with stage I HER2-positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant paclitaxel and trastuzumab.

Up to 20% of breast cancer overexpress HER2 protein, making it a reliable target for antibody-based treatments. In early HER2-positive breast cancer avoiding anthracycline-based chemotherapy is a challenge. Based on the single-arm phase II APT trial results, adjuvant paclitaxel/trastuzumab is an accepted regimen for patients with stage I HER2-positive disease. In our retrospective study of 240 patients, the median tumor size was 12.0 mm (IQR 9 -15), and 204 (85%) had estrogen receptor-positive disease. After a median follow-up of 4.6 years, 3-year real-world disease-free survival, distant DFS, and overall survival were 98.8% (95% confidence interval (CI), 96.2-99.6), 99.2% (95% CI, 96.7-99.8), and 98.3% (95% CI, 96.2-99.6), respectively. In a real-world setting, an adjuvant paclitaxel/trastuzumab regimen was associated with low recurrence rates among women with stage I, HER2-positive breast cancer. Additionally, we reviewed other treatment optimization strategies attempted or ongoing in HER2-positive breast cancer.

Prognostic and predictive value of TP53 mutations in node-positive breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline- or anthracycline/taxane-based adjuvant therapy: results from the BIG 02-98 phase III trial.

INTRODUCTION: Pre-clinical data suggest p53-dependent anthracycline-induced apoptosis and p53-independent taxane activity. However, dedicated clinical research has not defined a predictive role for TP53 gene mutations. The aim of the current study was to retrospectively explore the prognosis and predictive values of TP53 somatic mutations in the BIG 02-98 randomized phase III trial in which women with node-positive breast cancer were treated with adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy with or without docetaxel. METHODS: The prognostic and predictive values of TP53 were analyzed in tumor samples by gene sequencing within exons 5 to 8. Patients were classified according to p53 protein status predicted from TP53 gene sequence, as wild-type (no TP53 variation or TP53 variations which are predicted not to modify p53 protein sequence) or mutant (p53 nonsynonymous mutations). Mutations were subcategorized according to missense or truncating mutations. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Cox-regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of outcome. RESULTS: TP53 gene status was determined for 18% (520 of 2887) of the women enrolled in BIG 02-98. TP53 gene variations were found in 17% (90 of 520). Nonsynonymous p53 mutations, found in 16.3% (85 of 520), were associated with older age, ductal morphology, higher grade and hormone-receptor negativity. Of the nonsynonymous mutations, 12.3% (64 of 520) were missense and 3.6% were truncating (19 of 520). Only truncating mutations showed significant independent prognostic value, with an increased recurrence risk compared to patients with non-modified p53 protein (hazard ratio = 3.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.740 to 5.935, P = 0.0002). p53 status had no significant predictive value for response to docetaxel. CONCLUSIONS: p53 truncating mutations were uncommon but associated with poor prognosis. No significant predictive role for p53 status was detected. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00174655.

Clinical Implications of Body Mass Index in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Abemaciclib and Endocrine Therapy.

BACKGROUND: There are limited data regarding the impact of body mass index (BMI) on outcomes in advanced breast cancer, especially in patients treated with endocrine therapy (ET) + cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors. METHODS: A pooled analysis of individual patient-level data from MONARCH 2 and 3 trials was performed. Patients were classified according to baseline BMI into underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2) and divided into 2 treatment groups: abemaciclib + ET vs placebo + ET. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) according to BMI in each treatment group. Secondary endpoints were response rate, adverse events according to BMI, and loss of weight (≥5% from baseline) during treatment. RESULTS: This analysis included 1138 patients (757 received abemaciclib + ET and 381 placebo + ET). There was no difference in PFS between BMI categories in either group, although normal-weight patients presented a numerically higher benefit with abemaciclib + ET (Pinteraction = .07). Normal and/or underweight patients presented higher overall response rate in the abemaciclib + ET group compared with overweight and/or obese patients (49.4% vs 41.6%, odds ratio = 0.73, 95% confidence interval = 0.54 to 0.99) as well as higher neutropenia frequency (51.0% vs 40.4%, P = .004). Weight loss was more frequent in the abemaciclib + ET group (odds ratio = 3.23, 95% confidence interval = 2.09 to 5.01). CONCLUSIONS: Adding abemaciclib to ET prolongs PFS regardless of BMI, showing that overweight or obese patients also benefit from this regimen. Our results elicit the possibility of a better effect of abemaciclib in normal and/or underweight patients compared with overweight and/or obese patients. More studies analyzing body composition parameters in patients under treatment with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors may further clarify this hypothesis.

[Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the thyroid: case report]. / Linfoma não-Hodgkin em tireóide: relato de caso.

The authors describe the case of a 33 year-old white female, without any clinical or laboratorial evidence of thyroiditis or clinical hypothyroidism, who presented with a rapidly enlarging anterior neck mass. Diagnosis of a follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was made through histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis.

Linfoma não-Hodgkin em tireóide: relato de caso / Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the thyroid: case report

Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 33 anos de idade, branca, sem evidência clínico-laboratorial de tireoidite ou hipotireoidismo clínico, que apresentou uma massa cervical de crescimento rápido. Através de exames histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico, foi realizado o diagnóstico de linfoma não-Hodgkin folicular em tireóide.

O uso de marcadores tumorais em oncologia / Use of cancer markers in oncology

Os autores revisam o uso dos marcadores tumorais nos pacientes oncológicos. Abordam sua validade como método de "screening", diagnóstico e fator prognóstico. Däo ênfase aos marcadores tumorais existentes no nosso meio e citam os demais

Esôfago de Barrett / Barrett's esophagus

Os autores apresentam uma revisäo da literatura sobre Esôfago de Barrett, focalizando sua definiçäo, etiologia, fisiopatologia, manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico, complicaçöes e tratamento. Enfatizam a importância do diagnóstico precoce, devido ao alto risco de degeneraçäo maligna da doença

Prevençäo do câncer de colo uterino / Cervical cencer prevention

Este artigo é uma revisäo da literatura médica sobre a prevençäo do câncer cerico-uterino. Discutem-se aspectos relacionados aos métodos diagnósticos, fatores de risco e papel do Papilomavírus humano (HPV)

Prevençäo do câncer de mama / Prevention of breast neoplasm

Os autores revisam os aspectos relacionados com a prevençäo do câncer de mama. Abordam as relaçöes existentes entre câncer de mama e hormônios, as características das pacientes mais sujeitas à doença, possíveis formas de interferências na evoluçäo da patologia. Däo especial ênfase aos conceitos de mastectomia profilática e quimioprevençäo