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1.
Exp Dermatol ; 33(1): e15008, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38284197

RESUMEN

Skin is the ultimate barrier between body and environment and prevents water loss and penetration of pathogens and toxins. Internal and external stressors, such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), can damage skin integrity and lead to disorders. Therefore, skin health and skin ageing are important concerns and increased research from cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors aims to improve skin conditions and provide new anti-ageing treatments. Biomolecules, compared to low molecular weight drugs and cosmetic ingredients, can offer high levels of specificity. Topically applied enzymes have been investigated to treat the adverse effects of sunlight, pollution and other external agents. Enzymes, with a diverse range of targets, present potential for dermatological use such as antioxidant enzymes, proteases and repairing enzymes. In this review, we discuss enzymes for dermatological applications and the challenges associated in this growing field.


Asunto(s)
Cosméticos , Enfermedades de la Piel , Humanos , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Piel , Enfermedades de la Piel/terapia , Luz Solar/efectos adversos , Cosméticos/farmacología
2.
Int J Cosmet Sci ; 45(5): 647-654, 2023 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37265451

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Nowadays, it is recognized the need for improved safety and efficacy protocols to evaluate the human stratum corneum (SC) and its interaction with topical and cosmetic formulations by minimally or non-invasive methodologies. The aim of our research work was to streamline the HPLC-TBARS-EVSC (high-performance liquid chromatography-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances-ex vivo stratum corneum) methodology, by exploring the results of a group of 18 subjects. METHODS: The study included nine women and nine men aged between 19 and 57 years old with phototypes from II to V. Sites in the forearm of each volunteer were randomly delimited, and the SC was collected by tape stripping. HPLC was used to quantify the MDA-TBA2 (malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid) adduct from the tape-stripped SC, irradiated and not by an ultraviolet (UV) simulator chamber. RESULTS: Observing the findings of our present investigation, and the statistical approach applied, the use of the ratio between the treatment site and control would be an adequate strategy to better discriminate and evaluate the results. Additionally, an optimal selection of the volunteers to respond specifically to the purpose of the ex vivo assay also can be considered advantageous. CONCLUSIONS: It seemed that in future studies focusing on the impact of SC UV-induced lipid peroxidation, determined by the HPLC-TBARS-EVSC, the most suitable subjects are females aged less than 35 years old, with phototype II.


OBJECTIF: Aujourd'hui, il est nécessaire d'améliorer les protocoles de sécurité d'emploi et d'efficacité pour évaluer le stratum corneum (SC) humain et son interaction avec les formulations topiques et cosmétiques par des méthodologies peu ou pas invasives. L'objectif de notre travail de recherche était de rationaliser la méthodologie HPLC-TBARS-SCEV, à savoir chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), substances réactives à l'acide thiobarbiturique (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances), stratum corneum ex vivo (SCEV), en explorant les résultats d'un groupe de 18 sujets. MÉTHODES: L'étude incluait 9 femmes et 9 hommes âgés de 19 à 57 ans présentant des phototypes II à V. Des sites de l'avant-bras de chaque volontaire ont été délimités de manière aléatoire, et le SC a été recueilli par « tape stripping ¼. La chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance a été utilisée pour quantifier l'adduit MDA-TBA2 (malondialdéhyde - acide thiobarbiturique) à partir du SC recueilli par « tape stripping ¼, irradié et non irradié par une chambre de simulation à ultraviolets (UV). RÉSULTATS: En observant les résultats de notre recherche actuelle et l'approche statistique appliquée, l'utilisation du rapport entre le site traité et le site contrôle serait une stratégie adéquate pour mieux discriminer et évaluer les résultats. En outre, une sélection optimale des volontaires pour répondre spécifiquement à l'objectif du test ex vivo peut également être considérée comme bénéfique. CONCLUSIONS: Il semble que dans les études futures axées sur l'impact de la peroxydation lipidique induite par UV du SC, déterminé par la méthodologie HPLC-TBARS-SCEV, les sujets les plus appropriés sont les femmes âgées de moins de 35 ans présentant un phototype II.


Asunto(s)
Cosméticos , Epidermis , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Malondialdehído
3.
Molecules ; 28(1)2022 Dec 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36615226

RESUMEN

For dental caries and periodontal diseases initiated by dental plaque (as bacterial communities) and to inhibit the growth of oral pathogenic bacteria, oral care products containing antiseptic active ingredients are highly recommended, nonetheless, side effects of such actives are a concern (teeth discoloration/staining and taste perception, for example). In this context, we challenged xylityl sesquicaprylate, an antiseptic compound from natural resources, as an active ingredient to be used in an alcohol-free mouthwash formulation. The xylityl sesquicaprylate sample was compared to a respective blank mouthwash formulation and one containing triclosan. The in vitro efficacy was screened by the time-kill assay against eight microorganisms. The xylityl sesquicaprylate-containing mouthwash (0.45% w/w) presented a particularly interesting profile of efficacy against Actinomyces viscosus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia, with results of greater magnitude to reduce the log10 of those microorganisms in comparison with the triclosan sample.


Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos Locales , Caries Dental , Triclosán , Humanos , Antiinfecciosos Locales/farmacología , Antisépticos Bucales/farmacología , Triclosán/farmacología , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Porphyromonas gingivalis
4.
Molecules ; 27(3)2022 Feb 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35164387

RESUMEN

From tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farming, the by-products have been identified as a source of collagen that could be used for the development of dermocosmetics or pharmaceutical products. However, the characteristics of collagen related to a specific strain or culture must be well defined prior to its application. Collagen was extracted from the skin of three strains of tilapia: red YY males (YY: two Y-type sex chromosomes), XX gray females, and the F1: offspring of crossing red YY males with XX gray females; at different ages in the adult phase, using acetic acid and pepsin enzyme. The characteristics of acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) were shown by SDS-PAGE band profiles to be similar to bovine collagen type I (SIGMA), the PSC of gray tilapia being more fragile to temperature changes, consistent with the results of fractional viscosity. The characteristics of the F1 progeny were prioritized for being a commercially productive and sustainable source for the extraction of collagen, and the ASC form, being the one with the greatest stability and advantage over PSC, of importance to our investigations, leads to a controlled digestion as in the case of peptide induction, and also in the development of natural products in the pharmaceutical and/or dermocosmetic industry. Evaluations of the triple helix structure by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction and UV-visible spectroscopy give similar results between the strains: red, gray, and F1, and between ages in the adult form F1 (15, 24, and 36 months of age). Consequently, the skin of tilapia in adult form is recommended sustainably for up to 24 months of age where the collagen is obtained with the use of acetic acid without enzymatic treatment.


Asunto(s)
Cíclidos/genética , Colágeno/química , Proteínas de Peces/química , Envejecimiento , Animales , Cíclidos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Colágeno/genética , Femenino , Proteínas de Peces/genética , Masculino , Solubilidad
5.
Int J Cosmet Sci ; 44(3): 333-342, 2022 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35462442

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Propolis has been used since antiquity, but recent reports of its biological properties hint that it could be employed as a topical pharmaceutical and cosmetic ingredient. This work aims to probe the action of Portuguese propolis extracts on skin cells, providing mechanistic insights into its mode of action and preliminarily assessing its applicability as a skin repair ingredient. METHODS: The total phenolic content of propolis extracts was measured by the Folin Ciocalteu method. The cytotoxic effect of propolis extracts in human keratinocytes was determined and non-cytotoxic concentrations of the extracts were used to study the impact on collective cell migration, cell cycle and intracellular ROS levels. RESULTS: o significant impact was observed in collective cell migration, but one of the extracts mildly increased G2 phase while reducing the % of sub-G1 at a non-cytotoxic concentration. The two extracts with higher phenolic content strongly prevented intracellular cellular ROS accumulation upon exposure to TBHP. Collectively, these results indicate that the putative beneficial effects of propolis extracts in skin repair may not be attributable to induction of collective cell migration but could be partially ascribed to the protection from oxidative stress, which could act in synergy with its well-known antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSION: These data support the applicability of this material in topical and cosmetic formulations and further in vivo assays should be conducted to fully characterize its efficacy and safety.


OBJECTIF: la propolis est utilisée depuis l'Antiquité, mais des rapports récents sur ses propriétés biologiques suggèrent qu'elle pourrait être utilisée comme ingrédient pharmaceutique et cosmétique topique. Ce travail de recherche vise à explorer l'effet d'extraits de propolis portugaise sur les cellules cutanées, en fournissant des informations sur le plan mécanique relatives à son mode d'action et en évaluant de manière préliminaire son applicabilité en tant qu'ingrédient de réparation cutanée. MÉTHODES: la teneur en substance phénolique totale d'extraits de propolis a été mesurée par la méthode de Folin-Ciocalteu. L'effet cytotoxique d'extraits de propolis dans les kératinocytes humains a été déterminé, et des concentrations non cytotoxiques de ces extraits ont été utilisées pour étudier l'impact sur la migration cellulaire collective, le cycle cellulaire et les taux de ROS intracellulaires. RÉSULTATS: un impact significatif a été observé sur la migration cellulaire collective, mais l'un des extraits a légèrement augmenté la phase G2 tout en réduisant le % de sub-G1 à une concentration non cytotoxique. Les deux extraits présentant une teneur phénolique plus élevée ont fortement prévenu l'accumulation de ROS intracellulaires lors de l'exposition à l'hydroperoxyde de tert-butyle (TBHP). Collectivement, ces résultats indiquent que les effets bénéfiques présumés des extraits de propolis dans la réparation cutanée pourraient ne pas être attribuables à l'induction de la migration cellulaire collective, mais partiellement à la protection contre le stress oxydatif, qui pourrait agir en synergie avec son activité antimicrobienne bien connue. CONCLUSION: ces données étayent l'applicabilité de cette substance dans les formulations topiques et cosmétiques, et des tests in vivo supplémentaires doivent être réalisés afin de caractériser plus précisément son efficacité et sa sécurité d'emploi.


Asunto(s)
Própolis , Proliferación Celular , Humanos , Queratinocitos , Fenoles/farmacología , Portugal , Própolis/farmacología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno
6.
Adv Appl Microbiol ; 117: 63-93, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34742367

RESUMEN

Among photosynthetic microorganisms, Cyanobacteria and Microalgae species have been highly studied thank to their high value-added compounds for several industrial applications. Thus, their production is increasing in the last decade to produce raw material for cosmetics. In fact, the daily routine includes the use of cosmetics and sunscreens to protect against the environmental changes, mainly the increment of ultraviolet (UV) radiation rate with a consequent skin damage and premature aging due to this overexposure. As it is well discussed, chemical UV filters are extensively incorporated into sunscreens formulas; however, they can induce allergenic reactions as well. For these reasons, some pigments derived from microalgae, such as astaxanthin, lutein, ß-carotene as well as other biocompounds are now well described in the literature as well as biotechnologically manufactured as natural ingredients to be incorporated into skin care products with multifunctional benefits even for sunscreen purposes. Hence, this investigation summarizes the recent studies about the main pigments from photosynthetic microorganisms' biomasses as well as their uses in dermocosmetics with novel attributes, such as anti-aging agents, makeups, skin lightening and whitening, among others.


Asunto(s)
Microalgas , Factores Biológicos , Piel , Protectores Solares , Rayos Ultravioleta
7.
J Sep Sci ; 44(1): 438-447, 2021 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33090611

RESUMEN

Urocanic acid is a chromophore found in the skin that has been identified as an important immunosuppressant and carcinogenesis mediator through its photoisomerization from trans to cis form induced by ultraviolet radiation. Research on analytical methods that explore urocanic acid isomerization is indispensable to fully understand the deleterious effects mediated by this biomarker. In this context, the current relevant analytical methods for determination of these isomers in human samples are summarized in this review. The methods presented here are applicable to human samples collected by noninvasive methods (or minimally invasive), encompassing an array of analytical techniques, including high-performance capillary electrophoresis, confocal Raman spectroscopy, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry, among others. Developed high-performance liquid chromatography methods have proven to be advantageous, allowing noninvasive collections for in vivo analysis and the confocal Raman, specially, for real-time analysis. Among all these methods, high-performance liquid chromatography is the most investigated one with mass spectrometry or ultraviolet detector, and the mass spectrometry detector being the most studied in the last years, demonstrating high sensitivity, very low detection limits, and accurate identification, especially for clinical investigations.


Asunto(s)
Ácido Urocánico/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Humanos , Espectrometría Raman
8.
J Cosmet Laser Ther ; 23(1-2): 1-7, 2021 Feb 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34669525

RESUMEN

Social distancing is conducive to grow the impact of artificial light in the daily life of the worldwide population with reported consequences to the skin. Sunlight is also essential for human development, indeed, solar radiation is composed of different types of wavelengths, which generate different skin effects. It can be divided into ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), and visible. UV radiation (UVA and UVB) has cutaneous biological effects ranging from photoaging, immunosuppression to melanoma formation, through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation and elevation of the energy state of organic molecules, changing the DNA structure. IR radiation reaches deeper layers of the skin and is also related to the generation of ROS, photoaging and erythema while visible light is responsible for generating ROS, pigmentation, cytokine formation, and matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs). Furthermore, artificial light could be harmful to the skin, as it can generate ROS, hyperpigmentation, and stimulate photoaging. Currently, we briefly summarized the cutaneous biological effects of sunlight, as well as artificial light on skin and remarked the opportunity of the evolution of current photoprotective formulas through new strategies with broad spectrum protection.


Asunto(s)
Piel , Protectores Solares , Humanos , Rayos Infrarrojos , Luz Solar , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos
9.
Molecules ; 26(21)2021 Nov 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34771112

RESUMEN

In addition to dermatological complications, acne can affect the quality of life of individuals in numerous ways, such as employment, social habits and body dissatisfaction. According to our expertise, caprylic acid and propanediol would not have a direct action on Cutibacterium acnes. Despite this, we investigated the existence of a synergistic effect among xylitol, caprylic acid and propanediol as a mixture of compounds representing a single topical active ingredient that could benefit the treatment against acne. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to challenge and to prove the efficacy of propanediol, xylitol and caprylic acid (PXCA) against acne. PXCA had its MIC challenged against C. acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) and Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in concentrations of 0.125% and 0.25%, respectively, and it also developed antimicrobial activity against C. acnes (time-kill test). PXCA was able to reduce the 5-alpha reductase expression in 24% (p < 0.01) in comparison with the testosterone group. By the end of 28 days of treatment, the compound reduced the skin oiliness, porphyrin amount and the quantity of inflammatory lesions in participants. According to the dermatologist evaluation, PXCA improved the skin's general appearance, acne presence and size.


Asunto(s)
Acné Vulgar/tratamiento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/química , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Caprilatos/administración & dosificación , Glicoles de Propileno , Xilitol/administración & dosificación , Acné Vulgar/etiología , Caprilatos/química , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Manejo de la Enfermedad , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Glicoles de Propileno/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Xilitol/química
10.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol ; 104(22): 9513-9522, 2020 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33015721

RESUMEN

Photosynthetic microorganisms convert carbon dioxide and solar radiation into interesting bioactive compounds not yet entirely explored. Several species of microalgae are known to be rich in colored high-valuable components that, although remarkable, are poorly explored as natural sources of pigments for cosmetics. Pigments associated to photosynthetic activity include chlorophyll, ß-carotene, astaxanthin, xanthophylls, and phycobiliproteins, many of which have shown high potential as cosmetic actives due to their antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and anti-inflammatory properties. In the last decade, concern with a young and beautiful appearance has emerged, encouraging many consumers to use anti-aging cosmetics daily. As a result, the cosmetic market has been growing and evolving rapidly to meet consumer expectations. However, due to regular use and the sensitive nature of facial skin, local adverse reactions may often occur, such as irritation, sensitization, or photoreactions, and safety evaluation is mandatory prior to marketing. It is, therefore, understandable that new actives from natural sources, such as microalgae, are perceived as attractive alternatives for consumers who seek ingredients without allergenic potential. Thus, the cosmetic industry has recently started to explore the inclusion of compounds extracted from microalgae and cyanobacteria in innovative formulations. Herein, we revised nontraditional microalgae species for pigment production with cosmetic applications, indicating those that could also be considered potential ingredients for innovative cosmetics. KEY POINTS: • Extraction methods for pigments from photosynthetic microorganisms were compiled. • Innovative cosmeceuticals could be developed with natural pigments. • Safety features of such natural pigments were also described.


Asunto(s)
Factores Biológicos , Cosméticos , Microalgas , Ficobiliproteínas , Pigmentación , beta Caroteno
11.
AAPS PharmSciTech ; 19(4): 1773-1780, 2018 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29600391

RESUMEN

Topical application of dermocosmetics containing antioxidant and/or the intake of antioxidants through diet or supplementation are remarkable tools in an attempt to slow down some of the harmful effects of free radicals. Rutin is a strong antioxidant compound used in food and pharmaceutical industries. It was established that rutin presents a low skin permeation rate, a property that could be considered an inconvenience to the satisfactory action for a dermocosmetic formulation to perform its antioxidant activity onto the skin. Therefore, it is indispensable to improve its delivery, aiming at increasing its antioxidant capacity in deeper layers of the epidermis, being a possibility to associate the rutin to liposomal vesicles, such as ethosomes. Thus, in this work, the pre-clinical safety of rutin-loaded ethosomes was investigated employing an in vitro method, and the clinical safety and efficacy were also assessed. Rutin-loaded ethosomes were efficaciously obtained in a nanoscale dimension with a relevant bioactive compound loading (80.2%) and provided antioxidant in vitro activity in comparison with the blank sample. Pre-clinical and clinical safety assays assured the innocuous profile of the rutin-loaded ethosomes. The ethosomes containing the bioactive compound accomplished a more functional delivery system profile, since in the tape stripping assay, the deeper layers presented higher rutin amounts than the active delivered in its free state. However, the ex vivo antioxidant efficacy test detected no positive antioxidant activity from the rutin-loaded ethosomes, even though the in vitro assay demonstrated an affirmative antioxidant action.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Portadores de Fármacos/administración & dosificación , Rutina/administración & dosificación , Absorción Cutánea/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Cutánea , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Pollos , Portadores de Fármacos/metabolismo , Epidermis/efectos de los fármacos , Epidermis/metabolismo , Humanos , Liposomas , Tamaño de la Partícula , Rutina/metabolismo , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismo , Absorción Cutánea/fisiología
12.
Drug Dev Ind Pharm ; 43(11): 1858-1865, 2017 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28665154

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Poor drug solubility represents a problem for the development of topical formulations. Since ionic liquids (ILs) can be placed in either lipophilic or hydrophilic solutions, they may be advantageous vehicles in such delivery systems. Nonetheless, it is vital to determine their usefulness when used at concentrations were cell viability is maintained, which was considered herein. METHOD: Five different ILs were prepared-three imidazole-based ILs: [C2mim][Br], [C4mim][Br], and [C6mim][Br]; and two choline-based ILs: [Cho][Phe] and [Cho][Glu]. Their cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes (HaCat cells), their influence in drug solubility and in percutaneous permeation, using pig skin membranes, was evaluated. RESULTS: Caffeine and salicylic acid were used as model actives. Choline-based ILs proved to be more suitable as functional ingredients, since they showed higher impact on drug solubility and a lower cytotoxicity. The major solubility enhancement was observed for caffeine and further solubility studies were carried out with this active in several concentrations of the choline-based ILs (0.1; 0.2; 0.5; 1.0; 3.0 and 5.0%, w/w) at 25 °C and 32 °C. Solubility was greatly influenced by concentrations up to 0.5%. The choline-based ILs showed no significant impact on the skin permeation, for both actives. The size of the imidazole-based ILs alkyl chain enhances the caffeine solubility and permeation, but also the ILs cytotoxicity. Stable O/W emulsions and gels were prepared containing the less toxic choline-based ILs and caffeine. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the choline-based ILs were effective functional ingredients, since, when used at nontoxic concentrations, they allowed a higher drug loading, while maintaining the stability of the formulations.


Asunto(s)
Cafeína/metabolismo , Colina/administración & dosificación , Colina/química , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Emulsiones/metabolismo , Geles/farmacología , Imidazoles/administración & dosificación , Imidazoles/química , Líquidos Iónicos/administración & dosificación , Piel/metabolismo , Administración Cutánea , Animales , Química Farmacéutica , Emulsiones/química , Geles/química , Humanos , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Líquidos Iónicos/química , Absorción Cutánea , Solubilidad , Porcinos
13.
Drug Dev Ind Pharm ; 43(2): 246-256, 2017 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27627681

RESUMEN

Multifunctional formulations are of great importance to ensure better skin protection from harm caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV). Despite the advantages of Quality by Design and Process Analytical Technology approaches to the development and optimization of new products, we found in the literature only a few studies concerning their applications in cosmetic product industry. Thus, in this research work, we applied the QbD and PAT approaches to the development of multifunctional sunscreens containing bemotrizinol, ethylhexyl triazone, and ferulic acid. In addition, UV transmittance method was applied to assess qualitative and quantitative critical quality attributes of sunscreens using chemometrics analyses. Linear discriminant analysis allowed classifying unknown formulations, which is useful for investigation of counterfeit and adulteration. Simultaneous quantification of ethylhexyl triazone, bemotrizinol, and ferulic acid presented at the formulations was performed using PLS regression. This design allowed us to verify the compounds in isolation and in combination and to prove that the antioxidant action of ferulic acid as well as the sunscreen actions, since the presence of this component increased 90% of antioxidant activity in vitro.


Asunto(s)
Compuestos Azo/química , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Fenoles/química , Protectores Solares , Tecnología Farmacéutica/métodos , Triazinas/química , Diseño de Fármacos , Tecnología Farmacéutica/normas , Rayos Ultravioleta
14.
Skin Res Technol ; 22(4): 430-436, 2016 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26792514

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Oxidative hair dyes can damage the hair, since these chemical procedures are involved to change the fiber structure and therefore changes in their mechanical and surface properties. Evaluate and compare the effect of the two colors of oxidative hair dye emulsions on Caucasian hair. This research analyzed the Dark brown hair untreated (I); Dark brown hair treated with light brown dye (II); Dark brown hair treated with light blond dye (III); Light blond hair untreated (IV); Light blond hair treated with light brown dye (V); Light blond hair treated with light blond dye (VI) on Caucasian hair. METHODS: The hair samples were submitted to breaking strength, color, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis. RESULTS: For the breaking strength assay no presented statistically significant differences between treatments. The parameters of color and brightness can differ in some hair dye formulations, but also the hair type can respond differently. The OCT images of the sample I and IV was possible observed, clearly Medulla and Cortex, which was not observed clearly after treatment with both oxidative hair dye colors. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, the oxidative hair dyes increased alteration in color and ultrastructure of hair.


Asunto(s)
Color del Cabello/efectos de los fármacos , Tinturas para el Cabello , Cabello/citología , Cabello/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a la Tracción/efectos de los fármacos , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Cabello/fisiología , Color del Cabello/fisiología , Humanos , Aumento de la Imagen/métodos , Técnicas In Vitro , Oxidantes/administración & dosificación , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Resistencia a la Tracción/fisiología
15.
Pharm Dev Technol ; 20(2): 197-203, 2015 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24286179

RESUMEN

With the aim of reducing system absorption and consequently, the side effects, and simultaneously select a penetration enhancing, three topical formulations with 0.5% ciclopirox olamine (CO) and 15% of propylene glycol (PG), ethoxydiglycol or oleic acid were developed and evaluated regarding the skin penetration and cutaneous retention of the drug using Franz diffusion cells. Release experiments were performed through synthetic membrane while dermatomed pig ear skin was used to evaluate CO skin penetration and skin retention. Retention studies were carried out applying tape stripping method and dosing CO in stratum corneum and in epidermis and dermis. A HPLC method was validated for quantifying CO. All formulations tested with synthetic membrane presented no retention of the drug. Permeation data suggested that there was no systemic absorption of ciclopirox olamine from the studied formulations, even when the skin penetration enhancers were applied. Higher concentrations of the drug were found in the stratum corneum (SC) and also in epidermis and dermis, for all of the developed formulations. The addition of enhancers improved the penetration and cutaneous retention of CO, and propylene glycol promoted higher concentrations in epidermis and dermis, probably because its cumulative effect on the skin and by an efficient solvent power.


Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/administración & dosificación , Antifúngicos/química , Diseño de Fármacos , Piridonas/administración & dosificación , Piridonas/química , Absorción Cutánea , Piel/metabolismo , Administración Cutánea , Animales , Antifúngicos/farmacocinética , Química Farmacéutica , Ciclopirox , Cámaras de Difusión de Cultivos , Liberación de Fármacos , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Técnicas In Vitro , Permeabilidad , Piridonas/farmacocinética , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Crema para la Piel , Porcinos
16.
Front Chem ; 12: 1400881, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38831914

RESUMEN

The integumentary system, a vital organ, constitutes a multifaceted barrier against pathogens and environmental factors, crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors can accelerate skin aging and compromise its homeostatic functions and solar rays, particularly ultraviolet (UV) radiation, pose a significant risk for skin cancer. Polyphenols are molecules that donate hydrogen or electrons, preventing the oxidation of substances, such as lipids, or the formation of inflammatory mediators by cyclooxygenase enzymes. This study explored the in vitro safety, by HET-CAM (hen's egg test on chorioallantoic membrane), and protective effects of polyphenols (chlorogenic acid, apigenin, kaempferol, and naringenin) against stratum corneum UV-induced lipid peroxidation using an innovative method, the HPLC-TBARS-EVSC (high-performance liquid chromatography-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances-ex vivo stratum corneum), and a stress test using methyl nicotinate and laser Doppler flowmetry to establish in vivo the samples' topical anti-inflammatory ability. An aqueous gel containing 0.1% w/w of each polyphenol was formulated using ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP copolymer. Through the utilization of the HET-CAM assay for in vitro safety assessment, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, kaempferol, and naringenin were classified as non-irritating active ingredients. This classification was based on their lack of adverse reactions within the vascularization of the chorioallantoic membrane. To assess the protective capabilities of four polyphenols against lipid peroxidation in the stratum corneum, the HPLC-TBARS-EVSC protocol was conducted. It was observed that only naringenin exhibited a significant reduction in epidermal lipoperoxidation, indicating superior anti-radical potential. Conversely, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, and kaempferol displayed a pro-oxidant profile under the specified test conditions. The laser Doppler flowmetry suggested the anti-inflammatory potential of naringenin, kaempferol, and chlorogenic acid, with naringenin showing superior efficacy involving all parameters quantified. Naringenin emerged as the only polyphenol capable of reducing the intensity of the inflammatory response induced by methyl nicotinate solution in the participants, compared to the blank gel and the untreated area. This comprehensive investigation underscores the diverse protective roles of polyphenols in skin health, emphasizing naringenin's notable anti-radical and anti-inflammatory properties.

17.
Pharm Dev Technol ; 18(5): 1247-54, 2013.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22670808

RESUMEN

A tablet formulation based on hydrophilic matrix with a controlled drug release was developed, and the effect of polymer concentrations on the release of primaquine diphosphate was evaluated. To achieve this purpose, a 20-run, four-factor with multiple constraints on the proportions of the components was employed to obtain tablet compositions. Drug release was determined by an in vitro dissolution study in phosphate buffer solution at pH 6.8. The polynomial fitted functions described the behavior of the mixture on simplex coordinate systems to study the effects of each factor (polymer) on tablet characteristics. Based on the response surface methodology, a tablet composition was optimized with the purpose of obtaining a primaquine diphosphate release closer to a zero order kinetic. This formulation released 85.22% of the drug for 8 h and its kinetic was studied regarding to Korsmeyer-Peppas model, (Adj-R(2) = 0.99295) which has confirmed that both diffusion and erosion were related to the mechanism of the drug release. The data from the optimized formulation were very close to the predictions from statistical analysis, demonstrating that mixture experimental design could be used to optimize primaquine diphosphate dissolution from hidroxypropylmethyl cellulose and polyethylene glycol matrix tablets.


Asunto(s)
Primaquina/química , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada/química , Difusión , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Cinética , Metilcelulosa/química , Fosfatos/química , Polietilenglicoles/química , Primaquina/administración & dosificación , Solubilidad , Comprimidos/química
18.
Life (Basel) ; 13(4)2023 Mar 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37109405

RESUMEN

Natural moisturizing factor (NMF) includes several compounds in the stratum corneum (SC), among them, urocanic acid (UCA). Ultraviolet (UV) exposure turns the trans-UCA of the SC into its cis isomer. We investigated the impact of a topical emollient emulsion treatment on the UCA isomers of the SC exposed to artificial UV stress. Aliquots of emollient emulsion were applied in healthy subjects for 2 h on delimited areas of the volar forearm, then, the SC was removed by tape stripping. Tapes were irradiated in a solar simulator chamber and a high performance liquid chromatograph was used to quantify UCA isomers from stripped SC extract. The amount of both UCA isomers were almost twice higher in the SC treated with the emollient emulsion. We also observed that the UV irradiation elevated the amount of the cis/trans UCA ratio on the SC (non-treated and treated), suggesting that the emollient sample was not able to avoid the UCA isomerization. The in vivo tests corroborated with the UCA data obtained ex vivo, since we found an increase in the superficial skin hydration with respective reduction of the TEWL, probably occurring by the occlusion performed by the emollient emulsion containing 15.0% w/w of caprylic/capric triglyceride.

19.
J Control Release ; 353: 802-822, 2023 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36521691

RESUMEN

This paper provides a review of the literature on the use of Pluronic® triblock copolymers for drug encapsulation over the last 10 years. A special focus is given to the progress of drug delivery systems (e.g., micelles, liposomes, micro/nanoemulsions, hydrogels and nanogels, and polymersomes and niosomes); the beneficial aspects of Pluronic® triblock copolymers as biological response modifiers and as pharmaceutical additives, adjuvants, and stabilizers, are also discussed. The advantages and limitations encountered in developing site-specific targeting approaches based on Pluronic-based nanostructures in cancer treatment are highlighted, in addition to innovative examples for improving tumor cytotoxicity while reducing side effects.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Poloxámero , Humanos , Poloxámero/química , Polímeros/química , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Micelas , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico
20.
Heliyon ; 8(5): e09455, 2022 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35637671

RESUMEN

There is an increasingly growing demand for the use of natural and sustainable bioactives in the field of the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The biomass from black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) can be viewed as an innovative source of compounds with high aggregate value and marketing potential due to the sustainable organic matter bioconversion process used as substrate for its development. This insect can be a source of lipid compounds with high added value, mainly due to its high content in fatty acids (FA) with potential applicability in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. In this context, in this work different extraction methods were tested (decoction, microwaves, maceration and ultrasound), using water, acetone, n-hexane as extraction solvents, to evaluate yields of the BSF larvae lipid extracts, as well as their lipid profile, and a preliminary safety screening was conducted. Results show that despite using different extraction techniques and solvents, similar FA composition profiles were obtained. The lauric acid content (C12: 0) is elevated in all the extracts in relation to the other FA, ranging 37%-62%. The contents in palmitic (C16: 0) and oleic (C18: 1n-9) acids, were also high in all applied extraction methods. The omega-6 FA (ω-6 PUFAs), mainly linoleic acid (C18: 2n6c), were also identified in the lipid fraction of BSF larvae biomass, with a content variation between 4.5% and 17.7%, while the omega-3 group, namely α-Linolenic acid (C18: 3n3), presented values between 0.66% and 1.95%. None of the extracts presented toxicity in preliminary tests with the Artemia salina model. Through this study, it was possible to confirm that BSF larvae oil can be obtained by sustainable methods, containing a broad mixture of FA and being highly rich in lauric acid, with a promising skin care applicability.

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