Patterns of recurrence in patients with CRSwNP who underwent complete FESS.

PURPOSE: To analyze recurrence patterns of chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) in patients who underwent complete FESS and identify predisposing factors for different patterns of recurrence. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients with CRSwNP who underwent complete FESS at our tertiary medical center. Recurrence patterns were classified into edema, polyp and normal endoscopy, as well as into early (within 6 months) and late recurrence. Statistical analysis to identify risk factors for recurrence included univariate, multivariate logistic regression and cox regression models. RESULTS: 114 patients were included with an average follow-up of 27 months. 91% were categorized as type-2 inflammation. Recurrence was observed in 65.8% of patients within a mean of 12.9 months. 46.7% had polyp recurrence while 53.3% had edema recurrence. Early recurrence was observed in 41%. Serum eosinophilia > 500 cells/uL was found to be significantly associated with recurrence (RR = 1.62, p-value = 0.046), and particularly with polyp recurrence (RR = 3.9, p-value = 0.001). No predictive factors for early recurrence were identified. Edema recurrence was managed with intranasal corticosteroids while polyp recurrence required systemic therapy including biologic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, two thirds of patients experienced post operative recurrence, either mucosal edema or nasal polyps, with similar frequency during an average follow up of over 2 years. Early recurrence was noted in 41% of recurrent cases. Serum eosinophils > 500 cells/uL was the only risk factor for recurrence on multivariate analysis, more accurate markers are needed for improved treatment allocation to CRSwNP patients.

Approach to the Perpendicular Fixation of a Scaphoid Waist Fracture-A Computer Analyzed Cadaver Model.

PURPOSE: In scaphoid fracture screw fixation, the screw is commonly placed along the long axis of the bone, without consideration of the fracture plane. This position is not perpendicular to transverse waist fractures or to the more common horizontal oblique fractures. Our aim was to examine the feasibility and describe possible approaches to, placing a screw perpendicular and in the center of the scaphoid waist fracture. METHODS: Computed tomography of 12 cadaver wrists was performed in 3 positions to examine possible approaches in flexion, neutral, and extension of the wrist. The scans were evaluated using a 3-dimensional model that simulated horizontal oblique (60°) and transverse (90°) fractures. We examined all possible approaches for screw positioning and their deviation from the axis perpendicular to the fracture and in the center of its plane. RESULTS: The preferred approaches for a perpendicular screw in a horizontal oblique fracture were found to be proximal-dorsal in flexion or transtrapezial in the extended or neutral positions (through the volar-radial trapezium). In transverse fractures, the possible approaches were proximal-dorsal or transtrapezial in the flexed or neutral positions and distal in the extended position (volar to volar-radial trapezium). In these approaches, the screw could be placed perpendicularly (deviating by < 10°) and in the center of the fracture in all specimens. CONCLUSIONS: According to this model, it appears feasible to place a perpendicular screw in the center of a horizontal oblique waist fracture using a proximal-dorsal approach in flexion or a transtrapezial approach in neutral or extension positions of the wrist. Palpable landmarks may be used as additional guides to direct these approaches according to the clinical setting. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Perpendicular screw fixation of horizontal oblique or transverse scaphoid waist fractures is a possible option, if chosen for its biomechanical advantages.

Predictors for surgical intervention in orbital complications of pediatric rhinosinusitis.

OBJECTIVES: Orbital complications are the most common complication of acute rhinosinusitis, especially among pediatric patients. While most cases are treated with antibiotics alone, severe presentation may demand surgical intervention. Our goal was to determine which factors predict the need for surgery and to investigate the role of computerized tomography in the decision process. METHODS: A retrospective review of all children hospitalized between 2001-2018 with orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis in a university-affiliated children's hospital. RESULTS: A total of 156 children were included. Mean age was 7.9 years (1-18 years). Twenty-three children (14.7%) were surgically treated, and the rest were conservatively treated. High fever, ophthalmoplegia and diplopia in association with minimal or no response to conservative treatment were predictive for surgical intervention, as well as higher inflammatory indices. Eighty-nine children (57%) underwent imaging during hospitalization. Presence of a subperiosteal abscess, as well as its size and its location were not found to be predictors for surgery. CONCLUSION: Clinical and laboratory findings in association with minimal or no response to conservative treatment predict the need for surgical intervention in cases of orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis. As Computerized Tomography scans can have long-term implications in the pediatric population, caution and patience should be practiced when deciding on the timing of imaging in this population. Thus, close clinical and laboratory monitoring should lead the decision-making process in these cases and imaging should be reserved for when the decision for surgery has been made.

Solid organ transplantation worsens the prognosis of patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region-Comparison between solid organ transplant recipients and immunocompetent patients.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (CSCC-HN) appears to behave more aggressively in immunosuppressed patients. We aimed to investigate this hypothesis by comparing solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) with CSCC-HN to immunocompetent patients. METHODS: A retrospective comparative study was conducted for SOTR and immunocompetent patients who were treated for CSCC-HN. RESULTS: A total of 177 SOTR and 157 immunocompetent patients with CSCC-HN were included. Lymph node metastases were more common in the SOTR group (9% vs 3%), and distant metastases occurred only in SOTR (3% of patients). SOTR had a higher rate of recurrences (19% vs 10%), which were mostly regional (7%) and distant (3%). The 2-year disease-specific survival of SOTR was lower (93% vs 100%). CONCLUSIONS: SOTR with CSCC-HN has significantly worse outcomes compared to immunocompetent patients. Solid-organ transplantation should be regarded as a negative prognostic factor in patients with CSCC-HN.