Pattern of encounters to emergency departments for suicidal attempts in France: Identification of high-risk days, months and holiday periods.

INTRODUCTION: Seasonal change in patterns of suicidal attempts is not well known in France and may differ from other western countries. We aimed to determine the peak times (days, months and holiday periods) of suicidal attempts in France. METHODS: We carried out a multicentre retrospective epidemiological study, using data from the Organization for Coordinated Monitoring of Emergencies (OSCOUR®) network. We aggregated daily data from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019. Variations in suicidal attempts on specific days were investigated by comparing their frequencies (ad hoc Z-scores). RESULTS: 114,805,488 ED encounters were recorded including 233,242 ED encounters regarding suicidal attempts. Men accounted for 45.7%. A significantly higher frequency of ED encounters for suicidal acts were found on Sundays in the months of May-June for both sexes and on New Year's Day for all genders and age groups. An increased risk was also noted on July 14th (National Day) and June 22nd (Summer Solstice). A protective effect was noted on the day after Valentine's Day, on Christmas Day and Christmas time (in particular December 24 and 26). CONCLUSION: Sundays, June, New Year's Day were at increased risk of suicidal attempts in France requiring a strengthening of prevention.

Inter-Professional Communications During Follow-Up of Type 2 Diabetes Patients: An Exploratory Study.

Follow-up of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) involves several healthcare professionals. The quality of their communication is crucial for optimizing care. This exploratory work aims to characterize those communications and their problems. Interviews were performed with general practitioners (GP), patients and other professionals. Data were analyzed deductively, and results were structured through a people map. We performed 25 interviews. GP, patients, nurses, community pharmacists, medical specialists and diabetologists are the main actors of the T2DM patients' follow-up. Three communication issues were identified: difficulties in reaching the hospital diabetologist, delays in receiving reports, and difficulties for patient to transmit information. Results were discussed in terms of tools, care pathways and new roles to support communications during T2DM patients' follow-up.

Parkinson's disease: Content analysis of patient online discussion forums. A prospective observational study using Netnography.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the users' characteristics, discussion contents, and the atmosphere of virtual peer communities. METHODS: A qualitative, prospective study was conducted using the Netnography method. The most popular, publicly accessible French discussion forums were investigated. The web users' quotes were collected from May to October 2018. Data analysis triangulation was performed by two researchers using the NVivo 12® software. RESULTS: The users discussed their experience with Parkinson's disease (PD) in a warm atmosphere. 23 discussion threads were analysed: 302 messages posted by 70 users (70% were females; the average illness duration was 6 years); 115 encoded nodes were created. Five user profiles appeared: leader, follower, expert, mixed, and undetermined. Common preoccupations were a lack of time and listening from the physicians' side. Three themes emerged: managing symptoms, living with PD, and sharing illness experiences. Users sought actively for a cure to limit or stop disease evolution, using alternative and complementary therapies to optimize their daily condition. CONCLUSIONS: Online forums foster person's informal learnings about coping with PD. Healthcare professionals can use these learnings to optimize person-centred support. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: During consultations, healthcare professionals should invite persons to discuss their online activity, informal learnings, beliefs and expectations towards therapeutic strategies.

Dynamical disorder in 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline and its deuterated analogue crystals studied by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance.

The Fourier transform infrared spectra of the thin layers of 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (MNA) and its deuterated analog were recorded in the 500-4000 cm(-1) region in the 10-300 K temperature range. Activation energies of the -CH(3), -NH(2), and -NO(2) groups reorientations were estimated. The (1)H-NMR spin-lattice relaxation time, T(1), and the second moment of (1)H-NMR resonance line, M(2), measured in the 80-298 K temperature range, were used to determine the parameters of the -CH(3) group motion. The experimental potential barriers for the amine, nitro, and methyl group reorientations are considered in the context of strengths of the N-H([ellipsis (horizontal)])O, C-H([ellipsis (horizontal)])O intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and other short contacts, recognized recently [U. Okwieka et al., J. Raman Spectrosc. 39, 849 (2008)], and they agree with the barriers calculated by quantum chemical methods. The dynamical disorder found in the MNA crystal in the large temperature range seems to be important from the point of view of its nonlinear optical and other properties.

Phase transition in polar 2-nitroanilinium nitrate. Graph-set approach of hydrogen bonding patterns and analysis of vibrational spectra.

A phase transition in new compound 2-nitroanilinium nitrate, (H2NA)NO3, was found. A symmetry lowering from orthorhombic, Pmn21, to monoclinic one, P21, at 249 K is observed. During the phase transition, the H2NA+ and nitrate ions displace from the mirror plane in high-temperature phase. As a result, hydrogen bonding network constructed by the ammonio group and NO3- anion is changed. Especially, a bifurcated hydrogen bond disappears. Mathematical operations using both elementary and hydrogen bond graph-set descriptors were used for the first time to describe a mechanism of phase transition. Changes in hydrogen bonding network were also studied by means of vibrational spectroscopy. Band shift associated with stretching and bending vibrations of the ammonio group indicates that the energy of intermolecular interactions rises along with temperature decrease. SHG response for the studied compound is higher than KDP, I(H2NA)NO3 = 1.1·IKDP, although a decay of the signal was observed due to instability of the sample.

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Phonon Spectra of Bulk and Nano-Sized MoS2 Layer Crystals.

Theoretical analysis of Raman scattering spectra (RS) for single-crystal MoS2 sample and atomically thin MoS2 sample consisting from one to few layers was performed in order to explain the change of MoS2 vibrations at transition from a monoatomic layer to a bulk crystal. Experiments have shown that changes of frequencies of the most intensive bands arising from the in-plane, [Formula: see text], and out-of-plane, A 1g , vibrations, as a function of number n of layers looks differently. Thus, the frequency of ω(A 1g ) is increasing with growth of n, whereas the frequency of [Formula: see text] is decreasing. Such a change of the [Formula: see text] frequency was explained as the effect of "strong increase of the dielectric tensor when going from single layer to the bulk" sample. In the present work, we show that the reason of different dependences of frequencies can be related to both the van der Waals (vdW) interlayer interaction and the anharmonic interaction of noted fundamental vibrations with the corresponding combination tones (CT) of layer that manifests itself due to Fermi resonance in the layer. Overjumping of these phonon pairs (s, s ') owing to interlayer interaction, [Formula: see text], to other layers at growth of number n, results in the change of frequencies for each interacting pair of A 1g or [Formula: see text] symmetry. The alteration of pair frequencies depends on the ratio of constants [Formula: see text] describing the interaction of studied states s and s '.

Polarised IR and Raman spectra of the gamma-glycine single crystal.

Complete (full) set of the polarised IR and Raman spectra for the gamma-glycine single crystal at room temperature are presented. The polarised IR spectra were measured by the specular reflection method and the spectra of the imaginary parts of the refractive indices were computed by Kramers-Kronig transformation. The polarised properties of the bands are discussed with respect to the normal coordinate analysis (literature data) and diffraction crystal data (oriented gas model approximation). A very good agreement between the polarised properties of the bands and simple models of vibrations are observed for the stretching vibrations of the CH2 and COO- group. It is not the case for most of the deformation vibrations of the carboxylic group and of the skeleton. The polarization properties of the stretching vibrations of the NH3+ group are determined by their hydrogen bondings.

Investigation of structure-properties relationship in a novel family of halogenoantimonates(III) and halogenobismuthates(III) with morpholinium cation: [NH2(C2H4)2O]MX4. Crystal structure, phase transitions and dynamics of molecules.

Three new organic-inorganic hybrids based on halogenoantimonates(III) and halogenobismuthates(III) with the morpholinium cation, [NH2(C2H4)2O]SbCl4, [NH2(C2H4)2O]SbBr4 and [NH2(C2H4)2O]BiBr4, have been prepared and characterized with DSC, TGA, DTA and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The common feature of the crystal structures of the studied compounds is the presence of polyanionic ([MX4]∞(-)) and morpholinium (head-to-tail configuration) chains, which expand themselves parallel to each other. The antimonate derivatives are isomorphous, crystallizing in a centrosymmetric orthorhombic Pbca space group and show no phase transitions (PTs) between 110 and 370 K. On the other hand, [NH2(C2H4)2O]BiBr4 undergoes two first-order structural PTs: I ↔ II at 321/343 K (cooling/heating) and II ↔ III at 285/289 K (cooling/heating). The mechanism of the PTs is discussed on the basis of crystallographic data and (1)H NMR and infrared spectroscopy. The PT at 343 K is accompanied by a spectacular switching of the spin-lattice T1 relaxation pathway. Structural parameters analysis has been performed to discuss a structure-properties relationship.