Helminthiasis characterization and anthelmintic efficacy for ewes and lambs raised in tropical semiarid region.

In this study the helminthiasis and anthelmintic effectiveness in ewes and lambs were evaluated in a semiarid region of Brazil. Twelve sheep farms were investigated using semi-structured questionnaires and fecal egg count (FEC) reduction test was employed to analyze the profile of anthelmintic resistance. Groups of at least 10 animals with FEC ≥ 300 were selected. After 12 h of fasting, homogeneous groups of lambs or ewes were treated with albendazole, levamisole moxidectin, or oxfendazole and control groups were not treated. Feces were collected before treatments and 14 days after, and larvae genera were identified after cuprocultures in both periods. Extensive grazing was the predominant creation system, using hybrid Santa Ines animals. The separation by age was promoted in 75% of herds; however, maternity pickets there were only in three farms. The strategic treatments were performed only in 8.4% of sheep farms and 16.6% used the anthelmintic efficacy test and alternated anthelmintic classes after 1 year. The initial FEC means for lambs were significantly higher than ewe FEC averages. For lamb tests, moxidectin and levamisole showed higher efficacy (p ≤ 0.05) than benzimidazoles. For ewe tests, moxidectin and levamisole showed efficiencies >75%. Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. were the most frequent nematodes before treatments and the genus Haemonchus was the most prevalent after anthelmintic treatments (p < 0.05). Variations of anthelmintic susceptibility were observed for categories and herds evaluated, which emphasizes the importance of the effectiveness tests for the choice of anthelmintics for ewes and lambs.

Plants of the Cerrado naturally selected by grazing sheep may have potential for inhibiting development of Haemonchus contortus larva.

Plant species naturally selected by sheep grazing in the Cerrado region of Brazil were assessed in vitro for activity against Haemonchus contortus. One year of observations showed the plant families in the region exhibiting greatest richness to be Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Malpighiaceae, Bignoniaceae, Myrtaceae, and Annonaceae. Nine species commonly selected by grazing sheep showed variation in the selectivity index with respect to the dry and rainy seasons. Coproculture was conducted in five replicates of 11 treatments: ivermectin, distilled water, or dehydrated leaves of nine selected plant species administered at 333.3 mg g(-1) fecal culture. The dried powder of Piptadenia viridiflora and Ximenia americana leaves significantly reduced the number of infective larvae compared to the distilled water control. These species showed efficacy of over 85 % despite low concentrations of proanthocyanidin. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses of extracts of these plants showed major peaks of UV spectra characteristic of flavonoids. Those naturally selected plant species with high antihelminthic efficacy show promise for use in diet as an alternative control of H. contortus in sheep.

The Six-Minute Step Test as a Predictor of Functional Capacity according to Peak VO2 in Cardiac Patients. / O Teste do Degrau de Seis Minutos como Preditor de Capacidade Funcional de Acordo com o Consumo de Oxigênio de Pico em Pacientes Cardíacos.

BACKGROUND: Six-minute step test (6MST) is a simple way to evaluate functional capacity, although it has not been well studied in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or heart failure (HF). OBJECTIVE: Analyze the association between the 6MST and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and develop an equation for estimating VO2peak based on the 6MST, as well as to determine a cutoff point for the 6MST that predicts a VO2peak ≥20 mL.Kg-1.min-1. METHODS: In 171 patients who underwent the 6MST and a cardiopulmonary exercise test, correlation, regression, and ROC analysis were used and a p < 0.05 was admitted as significant. RESULTS: mean age was 60±14 years and 74% were male. Mean left ventricle ejection fraction was 57±16%, 74% had CAD and 28% had HF. Mean VO2peak was 19±6 mL.Kg-1.min-1 and mean 6MST performance was 87±45 steps. Association between 6MST and VO2peak was r 0.69 (p <0.001). The model VO2peak =19.6 + (0.075 x 6MST) - (0.10 x age) for men and VO2peak =19.6 + (0.075 x 6MST) - (0.10 x age) - 2 for women could predict VO2peak based on 6MST results (adjusted R 0.72; adjusted R2 0.53). The most accurate cutoff point for 6MST to predict a VO2peak ≥20 mL.Kg-1.min-1 was >105 steps (AUC 0.85; 95% CI 0.79 -0.90; p <0.001). CONCLUSION: An equation for predicting VO2peak based on 6MST results was derived, and a significant association was found between 6MST and VO2peak. The cutoff point for 6MST, which predicts a VO2peak ≥20 mL.Kg-1.min-1, was >105 steps. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(5):889-895).

FUNDAMENTO: O teste do degrau de seis minutos (TD6) é uma forma simples de avaliar a capacidade funcional, embora tenha sido pouco estudado em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana (DAC) ou insuficiência cardíaca (IC). OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre o TD6 e o consumo de oxigênio de pico (VO2pico) e desenvolver uma equação que estime o VO2pico com base no TD6, bem como determinar um ponto de corte para o TD6 que preveja um VO2pico ≥ 20 mL.kg-1.min-1. MÉTODOS: Nos 171 pacientes submetidos ao TD6 e a um teste de exercício cardiopulmonar, análises da curva ROC, de regressão e de correlação foram usadas, e um p < 0,05 foi admitido como significativo. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi 60±14 anos, e 74% eram do sexo masculino. A média da fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda foi 57±16%; 74% apresentavam DAC, e 28%, IC. A média do VO2pico foi 19±6 mL.kg-1.min-1, e o desempenho médio do TD6 foi 87±45 passos. A associação entre o TD6 e o VO2pico foi r 0,69 (p < 0,001). Os modelos VO2pico = 19,6 + (0,075 x TD6) ­ (0,10 x idade) para homens e VO2pico = 19,6 + (0,075 x TD6) ­ (0,10 x idade) ­ 2 para mulheres poderiam prever o VO2pico com base nos resultados do TD6 (R ajustado 0,72; R2 ajustado 0,53). O ponto de corte mais acurado para que o TD6 preveja um VO2pico ≥ 20 mL.kg-1.min-1 foi de > 105 passos [área sob a curva 0,85; intervalo de confiança de 95% 0,79 - 0,90; p < 0,001]. CONCLUSÃO: Uma equação que preveja o VO2pico com base nos resultados do TD6 foi derivada, e foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre o TD6 e o VO2pico. O ponto de corte do TD6, que prevê um VO2pico ≥ 20 mL.kg-1.min-1, foi > 105 passos. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(5):889-895).

Anthelmintic efficacy of trichlorfon and blood parameters of young lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus.

In this study we evaluated the efficacy of trichlorfon against Haemonchus contortus, monitoring its influence on blood parameters and plasma enzymes of lambs with haemonchosis. A lamb group was orally treated with trichlorfon at 100 mg kg-1 while the other group was untreated. Split-plot design analysis was performed with the lamb groups defined as plots while the subplots were the four periods (weeks) of collection. The trichlorfon treatment promoted a significant and effective reduction of fecal egg counts after one week, with efficacies > 99%. After 21 days of treatment, detected blood parameters and serum levels of plasma enzymes were normal. Additionally, serum albumin and urea concentrations increased to normal values, which were not observed in untreated lambs. The treatment with this organophosphate, using a correct oral administration, may represent an effective therapeutic alternative for sheep infected with multi resistant strain of H. contortus.

Control of Haemonchus contortus in sheep using basidiocarps of Agaricus blazei Murril.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effects in vitro and in vivo of Agaricus blazei against Haemonchus contortus in sheep. METHODS: The in vitro efficacy of aqueous extract on egg hatching inhibition (EHI) was investigated and after 72 h incubation with varying concentrations the effects on, blastomeres, embryonated eggs, and first stage larvae (L1) were evaluated. Larval development inhibition (LDI) for dry powder and the aqueous extract were evaluated in fecal cultures of sheep infected with H. contortus. In vivo efficacy was determined by reduction in fecal egg count (FEC). Lambs were treated with powder A. blazei (11.4 g/kg pc) or trichlorfon, or were untreated and the possible toxicity of this fungus was monitored by plasmatic enzyme analysis. RESULTS: Concentrations equal to and higher than 3.62 mg/mL and of aqueous extract were 100% effective in the EHI test. In the LDI test, LC90 was estimated for 5.66 and 106.0 mg/g fecal culture for aqueous extract and powder, respectively. The mean FEC in lambs 14 days post-treatment with A. blazei powder was significantly lower than observed for the negative control, and the serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were normal. CONCLUSION: The fungi supplementation promotes, respectively, high and moderate anthelmintic efficacy with in vitro and in vivo tests, respectively, suggesting it as an alternative or complementary treatment for haemonchosis in sheep.

O Teste do Degrau de Seis Minutos como Preditor de Capacidade Funcional de Acordo com o Consumo de Oxigênio de Pico em Pacientes Cardíacos / The Six-Minute Step Test as a Predictor of Functional Capacity according to Peak VO2 in Cardiac Patients

Resumo Fundamento: O teste do degrau de seis minutos (TD6) é uma forma simples de avaliar a capacidade funcional, embora tenha sido pouco estudado em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana (DAC) ou insuficiência cardíaca (IC). Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre o TD6 e o consumo de oxigênio de pico (VO2pico) e desenvolver uma equação que estime o VO2pico com base no TD6, bem como determinar um ponto de corte para o TD6 que preveja um VO2pico ≥ 20 mL.kg-1.min-1 Métodos: Nos 171 pacientes submetidos ao TD6 e a um teste de exercício cardiopulmonar, análises da curva ROC, de regressão e de correlação foram usadas, e um p < 0,05 foi admitido como significativo. Resultados: A idade média foi 60±14 anos, e 74% eram do sexo masculino. A média da fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda foi 57±16%; 74% apresentavam DAC, e 28%, IC. A média do VO2pico foi 19±6 mL.kg-1.min-1, e o desempenho médio do TD6 foi 87±45 passos. A associação entre o TD6 e o VO2pico foi r 0,69 (p < 0,001). Os modelos VO2pico = 19,6 + (0,075 x TD6) - (0,10 x idade) para homens e VO2pico = 19,6 + (0,075 x TD6) - (0,10 x idade) - 2 para mulheres poderiam prever o VO2pico com base nos resultados do TD6 (R ajustado 0,72; R2 ajustado 0,53). O ponto de corte mais acurado para que o TD6 preveja um VO2pico ≥ 20 mL.kg-1.min-1 foi de > 105 passos [área sob a curva 0,85; intervalo de confiança de 95% 0,79 - 0,90; p < 0,001]. Conclusão: Uma equação que preveja o VO2pico com base nos resultados do TD6 foi derivada, e foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre o TD6 e o VO2pico. O ponto de corte do TD6, que prevê um VO2pico ≥ 20 mL.kg-1.min-1, foi > 105 passos. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(5):889-895)

Abstract Background: Six-minute step test (6MST) is a simple way to evaluate functional capacity, although it has not been well studied in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or heart failure (HF). Objective: Analyze the association between the 6MST and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and develop an equation for estimating VO2peak based on the 6MST, as well as to determine a cutoff point for the 6MST that predicts a VO2peak ≥20 mL.Kg-1.min-1 Methods: In 171 patients who underwent the 6MST and a cardiopulmonary exercise test, correlation, regression, and ROC analysis were used and a p < 0.05 was admitted as significant. Results: mean age was 60±14 years and 74% were male. Mean left ventricle ejection fraction was 57±16%, 74% had CAD and 28% had HF. Mean VO2peak was 19±6 mL.Kg-1.min-1 and mean 6MST performance was 87±45 steps. Association between 6MST and VO2peak was r 0.69 (p <0.001). The model VO2peak =19.6 + (0.075 x 6MST) - (0.10 x age) for men and VO2peak =19.6 + (0.075 x 6MST) - (0.10 x age) - 2 for women could predict VO2peak based on 6MST results (adjusted R 0.72; adjusted R2 0.53). The most accurate cutoff point for 6MST to predict a VO2peak ≥20 mL.Kg-1.min-1 was >105 steps (AUC 0.85; 95% CI 0.79 -0.90; p <0.001). Conclusion: An equation for predicting VO2peak based on 6MST results was derived, and a significant association was found between 6MST and VO2peak. The cutoff point for 6MST, which predicts a VO2peak ≥20 mL.Kg-1.min-1, was >105 steps. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(5):889-895)

Fatores Associados à Suscetibilidade para o Desenvolvimento de Transtornos Alimentares em Estudantes Internos de um Curso de Medicina / Factors Associated to Susceptibility for the Development of Eating Disorders among Medical Interns

Resumo: Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores associados à suscetibilidade para o desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares em estudantes internos de um curso de Medicina. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico com abordagem quantitativa, em que se aplicaram dois questionários: um com dados sociodemográficos e outro com o Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (EAT-26), que é um instrumento psicométrico para triar transtornos alimentares. Resultados: Foram incluídos na pesquisa 162 estudantes internos de Medicina. No gênero feminino, identificaram-se maiores escores no EAT-26 na escala da dieta (D) (p = 0,0079), que evidencia uma recusa patológica a comidas hipercalóricas e uma excessiva preocupação com a forma física, na escala de bulimia e preocupação com os alimentos (B) (p = 0,0014) e no escore geral da EAT-26 (p = 0,0005). Maior escore na escala D foi encontrado em estudantes que trabalham e estudam (p = 0,0278) e naqueles com sobrepeso (p = 0,0297). Aqueles que referiam estar seguindo alguma dieta tiveram maiores escores na escala D (p < 0,0001), na escala B (p = 0,0300) e no escore geral (p = 0,0001). Os que afirmaram ter preocupação quanto à quantidade de calorias obtiveram maiores escore na escala D (p < 0,0001), na escala B (p = 0,0010) e no escore geral (p < 0,0001). Os que referiram ter medo de engordar tiveram maiores escores na escala D (p < 0,0001), na escala B (p = 0,0001) e no escore geral (p < 0,0001), e, em contrapartida, aqueles que não tinham medo de engordar obtiveram maior escore na escala controle oral (CO) (p = 0,0149), que reflete o autocontrole associado aos alimentos e reconhece influências sociais do meio em que o indivíduo está inserido em relação à ingesta alimentar, assim como aqueles abaixo do peso (p = 0,0042). Os ansiosos obtiveram maiores escores na escala D (p = 0,0356), na escala B (p = 0,0266) e no escore geral (p = 0,0310). Conclusões: Ficaram evidenciados maiores escores na escala EAT-26 em estudantes internos de Medicina que são do sexo feminino, que trabalham e estudam e naqueles com sobrepeso. Além disso, seguir alguma dieta, possuir preocupação quanto à quantidade de calorias, ter medo de engordar, ser ansioso, triste e insatisfeito com próprio corpo também foram fatores associados com maiores escores. Todos esses fatores podem ser relacionados com um maior risco de esses estudantes desenvolverem distúrbios alimentares, como a anorexia e a bulimia.

Abstract: Introduction: To analyze factors associated with susceptibility to the development of eating disorders in medical interns. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Two questionnaires were applied, one with sociodemographic data and the other with the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), which is a psychometric instrument to screen eating disorders. Results: A total of 162 internal students were included in the research. Higher EAT-26 scores were found in females on the diet scale (D) (p=0.0079), which shows a pathological refusal to hypercaloric foods and an excessive concern with fitness, bulimia scale and concern with food (B) (p=0.0014) and overall EAT-26 score (p=0.0005). Higher D-scores were found in working and studying students (p=0.0278) and overweight students (p=0.0297). Those who reported being on some form of diet had higher scores on the D scale (p<0.0001), the B scale (p=0.0300) and the overall score (p=0.0001). Those who said they were concerned about the number of calories had higher scores on the D scale (p<0.0001), B scale (p=0.0010) and overall score (p<0.0001). Those who reported being afraid of getting fat scored higher on the D scale (p<0.0001), B scale (p=0.0001), overall score (p<0.0001), whereas those not afraid of getting fat scored higher on the oral control (CO) scale (p=0.0149), which reflects self-control associated with food and recognizes social influences of the individual's environment in relation to food intake, as well as those underweight (p=0.0042). Anxiety patients obtained higher scores on the D scale (p=0.0356), B scale (p=0.0266) and overall score (p=0.0310). Conclusion: Higher scores on the EAT-26 scale were evidenced in medical interns who are female, who work and study, and in overweight patients. Furthermore, following a specific diet, being concerned about the amount of calories consumed, being afraid of getting fat, being anxious, sad and dissatisfied with one's own body were also factors associated with higher scores. All of these factors can be related to an increased risk of these students developing eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia.

Análise dos Níveis de Empatia de Professores e Preceptores Médicos de um Curso de Medicina / Analysis of Empathy Levels of Teachers and Medical Preceptors of a Medical Course

Resumo: Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis de empatia, bem como os aspectos sociodemográficos e pessoais relacionados a docentes e preceptores médicos de um curso de Medicina. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico com abordagem quantitativa. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de questionários aplicados a docentes e preceptores médicos vinculados ao curso de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC Goiás), desde o módulo I até o XII, os quais tinham contato direto com os acadêmicos, assim como com os pacientes. A amostragem utilizada foi por conveniência. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre os meses de agosto e novembro de 2018. Dois questionários foram aplicados, sendo um com dados sociodemográficos e o outro com a Escala Multidimensional de Reatividade Interpessoal (EMRI), que mensura multidimensionalmente a empatia. Resultados: Incluíram-se na pesquisa 101 médicos, entre docentes e preceptores. A média de idade foi de 45,2 (±8,4) anos. Quanto ao sexo, 45,5% da amostra foi composta pelo sexo feminino e 54,4% pelo sexo masculino. A maioria era casada (80,2%) e possuía alguma religião. Identificaram-se maiores escores de empatia no gênero feminino, nas dimensões FS (p = 0,0468), CE (p = 0,0219) e AP (p = 0,0230), bem como na média geral (p = 0,0057). Níveis maiores de empatia também foram identificados entre os que possuíam uma religião, na dimensão AP (p = 0,0074). Os aspectos pessoais que obtiveram maiores escores nas dimensões da escala foram docentes e preceptores médicos que afirmaram que procuram orientar os seus alunos sobre empatia, dimensões FS (p = 0,0341), CE (p = 0,0398), TP (p = 0,0464) e média geral (p = 0,0442); aqueles que afirmaram que são pessoas empáticas, dimensões FS (p = 0,0327), CE (p = 0,0061), TP (p = 0,0008) e média geral (p = 0,0067); aqueles que estão satisfeitos com suas atitudes no exercício da docência, dimensão TP (p = 0,0289). Conclusão: Os dados apontaram que aspectos sociodemográficos e pessoais dos docentes e preceptores médicos exercem influência direta em maiores ou menores níveis de empatia. Tal evidência é relevante, já que a formação de futuros médicos mais empáticos depende da influência desses docentes e preceptores médicos.

Abstract: Introduction: To assess the level of empathy, as well as sociodemographic and personal aspects related to teachers/preceptors of a medical graduation course, who are also clinicians. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study with a quantitative approach. The research was carried out through questionnaires applied to teachers and medical preceptors linked to the medical course of the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás (PUC Goiás), from module I to module XII, who had direct contact with the students, as well as with patients. The data collection period ranged from August to November 2018 and was developed by means of a convenience sampling. Two different questionnaires were applied, the first one being about sociodemographic and personal aspects, and the second one the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), which multidimensionally measures empathy. Results: The participants included 101 doctors who are teachers and/or preceptors in a medical graduation course. The mean age was 45.2 (±8.4) years old. As for gender, 45.5% of the sample consisted of women, and 54.4% of men. Most participants are married (80.2%) and declared having a religion. This research showed higher scores of empathy in the female gender in Fantasy (FS) (p=0.0468), Empathic Concern (EC) (p=0.0219) and Personal Distress (PD) (p=0.0230) dimensions, as well as in general average (p=0.0057). Higher levels of empathy were also identified in those participants with a religion, in the PD dimension (p=0.0074). The personal aspects that most influenced the empathy levels were: teachers/preceptors that cared about stimulating their students regarding empathy - in the FS (p=0.0341), EC (p=0.0398), Perspective Taking (PT) (p=0.0464) dimensions and general average (p=0.0442); those who affirmed to be empathetic themselves - FS (p=0.0327), EC (p=0.0061), PT (p=0.0008) dimensions and general average (p=0.0067); and those who are satisfied about their teaching practice - PT dimension (p=0.0289). Conclusion: The collected data showed that sociodemographic and personal aspects have a direct influence on empathy levels. Such evidence is relevant since the education of medical students suffer the influence of the teachers/preceptors' approach and behavior.

Análise dos Níveis de Empatia de Estudantes de Medicina / Analysis of Empathy Levels of Medicine Students

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os níveis de empatia em estudantes de Medicina pertencentes a uma universidade filantrópica, avaliando a evolução do cuidado compassivo, da capacidade de se colocar no lugar do paciente e da tomada de perspectiva em alunos ingressantes e concluintes de um curso de Medicina. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. Dois questionários foram aplicados, um com dados sociodemográficos e o outro com a Escala Jefferson, que avalia a empatia médica. Foram incluídos na pesquisa 152 acadêmicos do segundo, terceiro, 11° e 12° períodos de um curso de Medicina de uma universidade filantrópica da cidade de Goiânia (GO). Resultados: A média de idade foi de 22,7 anos (± 3,7), sendo 64,5% do sexo feminino e 98,0% de solteiros. A maioria tem renda familiar acima de dez salários mínimos (49,3%) e reside em casa própria (84,2%). O escore global dos ingressantes foi de 116,9 (± 13,0) e o dos concluintes de 117,1 (± 15,1). Acerca do cuidado compassivo, os escores foram 69,4 (± 8,0) e 68,8 (± 9,4); na capacidade de se colocar no lugar do paciente, 8,4 (± 3,0) e 8,6 (± 2,9); e na tomada de perspectiva 39,1 (± 6,3) e 39,7 (± 6,3), respectivamente. No conjunto da população pesquisada, os escores foram: global (117,0 ± 13,9), cuidado compassivo (69,1 ± 8,6), colocar-se no lugar do paciente (8,5 ± 3,0) e tomada de perspectiva (39,4 ± 6,3). Em relação a "colocar-se no lugar do paciente", os escores das idade foram: 18 a 24 anos de 8,6; 25 a 29 anos de 8,2 e 30 a 45 anos de 7,8. O sexo feminino teve escores maiores em relação à empatia (119,0) e no "cuidado compassivo" (70,7). Conclusão: Os dados apontaram uma tendência discreta dos concluintes em serem mais empáticos do que os ingressantes. Dados sociodemográficos, como gênero feminino, ausência de doença pessoal, morar em residência própria e a menor idade foram preditores que indicaram maior capacidade empática na relação com os pacientes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the levels of empathy among medical students attending a philanthropic university, evaluating the evolution of compassionate care, the ability to put oneself in the patient's place and to look at things in perspective, among first-year and final-year medical students. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Two questionnaires were applied, one with sociodemographic data and the other the Jefferson Scale that evaluates medical empathy. Included in the survey were 152 academics from the first, second and sixth years of a medical course at a philanthropic university in the city of Goiânia/GO. Results: The mean age was 22.7 years (± 3.7), 64.5% female and 98.0% single. The majority reported a family income of more than 10 minimum wages (49.3%) and live in their own homes (84.2%). The overall score of the participants was 116.9 (± 13.0) and the final score was 117.1 (± 15.1). As regards compassionate care, the scores were 69.4 (± 8.0) and 68.8 (± 9.4), for the capacity to place themselves in the patient's position, 8.4 (± 3.0) and 8.6 (± 2.9), and looking at things in perspective, 39.1 (± 6.3) and 39.7 (± 6.3), respectively. In the entire sample population the scores were: overall (117.0 ± 13.9), compassionate care (69.1 ± 8.6), putting oneself in the place of the patient (8.5 ± 3.0) and taking a view of things in perspective (39.4 ± 6.3). In relation to "putting themselves in the patient's place" the age scores were: 18 to 24 years old, 8.6; 25 to 29 years of 8.2 and 30 to 45 years of 7.8. The female gender produced higher scores regarding empathy (119.0) and "compassionate care" (70.7). Conclusion: The data pointed to a discrete tendency of the graduating students to be more empathic than the newcomers. Sociodemographic data, such as female sex, the absence of personal illness, living in their own home and being a younger age were predictors that indicated greater empathic capacity in the relationship with the patients.

Perfil de internação de idosos / Profile of Hospitalization of the elderly

OBJETIVO: Descrever as causas de internação de idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo sobre as causas de internação em pacientes a partir de 60 anos em Goiânia (GO), de 2008 a 2015, conforme registro do Sistema de Informações sobre Autorizações de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde. RESULTADOS: Foram registradas 186.202 internações. As principais causas de hospitalização foram, em ordem decrescente: doenças do aparelho circulatório, neoplasias e doenças do aparelho respiratório. CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento das causas de internação de idosos em Goiânia permitiu repensar o modelo de atenção, incorporando novas estratégias de cuidados que permitam estabelecer uma abordagem sistematizada para avaliação e manejo de condições geriátricas.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the causes of elderly hospitalization. METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective study about the causes of hospitalization in patients aged 60 years old or more in the city of Goiânia-GO, from 2008 to 2015, according to a register of the Information System on Authorizations of Hospital Information of the Unified Health System. RESULTS: There were 186,202 admissions recorded. The leading causes of hospitalization were, in descending order: Diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms and respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of causes of elderly hospitalization in Goiania allowed us to rethink the model of care by incorporating new strategies of care, which establish a systematic approach to assessment and management of geriatric conditions.

University of the Third Age: the impact of continuing education on the quality of life of the elderly / Universidade aberta para a terceira idade: o impacto da educação continuada na qualidade de vida dos idosos

OBJECTIVE: To verify, among elderly participants of the University of the Third Age (UnATI) of PUC Goiás, Goiania, Brazil, whether quality of life was higher or lower among veteran or first-year participants of the UnATI, and to evaluate if there was a statistically significant difference between the quality of life of men and women or first-years and veterans. METHOD: An observational case-control study with a quantitative approach was performed with 100 elderly individuals from the UnATI. Fifty first-years and fifty veterans were involved. Two questionnaires were applied, one with sociodemographic data and the other using the World Health Organization Quality of Life - Old (WHOQOL-OLD) scale, which evaluates the quality of life of the elderly. Variance analysis (ANOVA) and multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA) were performed, with p≤0.05 applied to the relevant statistics. RESULTS: The vast majority of the sample were women (90%), aged between 60 and 86 years old (average of 68.37±5.28 years old). The overall quality of life score was 3.68±0.50 (first-years) and 3.87±0.55 (veterans). There was a statistically significant difference in the areas: sensory functioning (veterans =4.28±0.65 and first-years =3.95±0.80) (p=0.025) and past, present and future activity (veterans =4.0±0.72 and first-years =3.59±0.79) (p=0.008). Multivariate variance analysis identified that the overall quality of life scores of both men (veterans =3.15 and first-years =4.21) and women (veterans =3.78 and first-years =3.86), were highest after they became veteran students (p=0.007). CONCLUSION: Veterans had a higher quality of life than first-years. The continuing education provided by UnATI has a positive impact on the quality of life of the elderly. AU

OBJETIVO: Verificar, em idosos da Universidade Aberta para Terceira Idade (UnATI) da PUC Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil, se a qualidade de vida é maior ou menor entre os veteranos participantes da UnATI e calouros, e avaliar se existe diferença estatística significativa entre homens e mulheres, calouros e veteranos na obtenção da qualidade de vida. MÉTODO: Estudo observacional de caso-controle com abordagem quantitativa realizado com 100 idosos da UnATI. Foram pesquisados 50 calouros e 50 veteranos e aplicados dois questionários, sendo um com dados sociodemográficos e o outro o World Health Organization Quality of Life - Old (WHOQOL-OLD) que avalia a qualidade de vida em idosos. Foram feitas análises descritivas (porcentagem, média e desvio-padrão), de variância (ANOVA) e multivariada de variância (MANOVA), aplicando-se p≤0,05 para os dados estatisticamente significantes. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos idosos era do sexo feminino (90%), com idade entre 60 e 86 (média de 68,37±5,28) anos. A qualidade de vida total apresentou score de 3,68±0,50 (calouros) e 3,87±0,55 (veteranos). Houve diferença estatística significativa nos domínios: funcionamento do sensório (veteranos =4,28±0,65 e calouros =3,95±0,80) (p=0,025); atividade passada, presente e futura (veteranos =4,0±0,72 e calouros =3,59±0,79) (p=0,008). A análise multivariada da variância identificou que a qualidade de vida total, tanto nos participantes do sexo masculino (calouros =3,15 e veteranos =4,21) quanto nos do sexo feminino (calouras =3,78 e veteranas =3,86), alcançou scores mais altos depois que se tornaram alunos veteranos (p=0,007). CONCLUSÃO: Os alunos veteranos apresentaram uma maior qualidade de vida do que os novos alunos ingressantes. A educação continuada proporcionada pela UnATI tem um impacto positivo na qualidade de vida dos idosos. AU

Perfil sanguíneo e peso de órgãos internos de bezerros leiteiros criados em diferentes sistemas de aleitamento / Blood profile and weight of internal organs of dairy calves in different nursing systems

Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil sanguíneo e o tamanho absoluto e relativo dos órgãos internos de bezerros em sistema de aleitamento convencional ou fracionado. Foram utilizadas 10 fêmeas, com peso corporal inicial médio de 37,53 kg (±2,36) e 12 machos com peso corporal médio de 81,6 kg (±8,6), ambos da raça Holandesa. O aleitamento convencional constituiu-se de quatro litros de leite fornecidos diariamente durante 54 dias de avaliação e o fracionado, de seis litros do 6º ao 25º dias de idade, quatro litros do 26º ao 45º dias de idade e dois litros do 46º ao 59º dias de idade, além de concentrado, feno de Cynodon sp., água e suplemento mineral fornecidos ad libitum. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco repetições para os parâmetros sanguíneos e seis repetições para o desenvolvimento dos órgãos internos. As coletas de sangue foram realizadas nas fêmeas nos dias sete, 21, 28, 42, 49 e 56 de idade. Para a avaliação dos órgãos internos os machos foram abatidos aos dois meses de idade, após jejum de 16 horas. Não foram observadas diferenças para os valores de proteínas totais, albumina, globulina, creatinina, ureia, colesterol e β-hidroxibutirato nas idades avaliadas (p>0,05). Entretanto, para a concentração de glicose houve interação entre os sistemas de aleitamento e os períodos avaliados, podendo ser observado que com 21 dias de idade a concentração foi maior nas bezerras mantidas em sistema fracionado, quando comparadas aos animais do grupo convencional. O sistema de aleitamento não alterou o peso corporal final, peso corporal final vazio e o peso dos órgãos internos, exceto para o coração, demonstrando que o sistema de aleitamento fracionado não altera as avaliações dos órgãos internos...

The objective was to evaluate the blood profile together with the relative and absolute size of the internal organs of calves in conventional or fractionated feeding system. Ten females were used, with an average initial body weight of 37.53 kg (±2.36), and 12 males with a mean body weight of 81.6 kg (±8.6), both Holstein breed. The conventional feeding consisted of four liter milk supplied daily for 54 days of evaluation, and fractioned six liter milk was given from 6 to 25 days of age, four liter from 26 to 45 days of ager, and two liter from 46 to 59 days of age. Cynodon sp. hay, water and mineral supplement was provided ad libitum. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates for blood parameters and six replicates for the development of internal organs. Blood collections were performed in females on days seven, 21, 28, 42, 49 and 56 of age. For the evaluation of internal organs males were slaughtered at two months of age, after 16 hours of fasting. No differences occurred in the values of total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, urea, cholesterol and β-hydroxybutyrate in ages evaluated (p>0.05). However, for the concentration of glucose no interaction was found between lactation systems and periods evaluated. It can be noted that at 21 days of age the concentration was higher in calves kept in the fractionated system, when compared with animals of the conventional group. The feeding system did not affect the final body weight, the empty body weight or the weight of the internal organs, except for the heart, demonstrating that the fractional feeding system does not alter the assessment of the internal organs...