Current Sensorless Based on PI MPPT Algorithms.

This paper presents novel current sensorless maximum-power point-tracking (MPPT) algorithms based on compensators/controllers and a single-input voltage sensor. The proposed MPPTs eliminate the expensive and noisy current sensor, which can significantly reduce the system cost and retain the advantages of the widely used MPPT algorithms, such as Incremental Conductance (IC) and Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithms. Additionally, it is verified that the proposed algorithms, especially the proposed Current Sensorless V based on PI, can reach outstanding tracking factors (TFs) such as the IC and P&O based on PI algorithms. In this sense, the insertion of controllers inside the MPPT gives them adaptive characteristics, and the experimental TFs are in the remarkable range of more than 99%, with an average yield of 99.51% and a peak of 99.80%.

A Multifunctional Smart Meter Using ANN-PSO Flux Estimation and Harmonic Active Compensation with Fuzzy Voltage Regulation.

This paper aims to present the analysis and development of a complete electronic smart meter that is able to perform four-quadrant measurements, act as a three-phase shunt active power filter (APF), and control three-phase induction motors by stator flux estimation. A transmission control protocol together with Internet protocol (TCP/IP) communication protocol for the remote access of measurement data is embedded into the application to securely transmit reliable information. An artificial neural network trained with particle swarm optimization is used for stator flux estimation, and a fuzzy logic controller is adopted to regulate the power converter DC bus voltage. The present work gathers knowledge from multidisciplinary fields, and all applied techniques have not been proposed altogether before. All control functions are embedded into a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device, using VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL), to enhance efficiency taking advantage of parallelism and high speed. An FPGA-in-the-loop cosimulation technique was first applied to prove the control functions' functionality, and, later, experimental evaluations are conducted to finally prove equipment operation and reliability.