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1.
Nature ; 596(7872): 423-427, 2021 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34161961

RESUMEN

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that partially evade neutralizing antibodies poses a threat to the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines1,2. The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine expresses a stabilized spike protein from the WA1/2020 strain of SARS-CoV-2, and has recently demonstrated protective efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 in humans in several geographical regions-including in South Africa, where 95% of sequenced viruses in cases of COVID-19 were the B.1.351 variant3. Here we show that Ad26.COV2.S elicits humoral and cellular immune responses that cross-react with the B.1.351 variant and protects against B.1.351 challenge in rhesus macaques. Ad26.COV2.S induced lower binding and neutralizing antibodies against B.1.351 as compared to WA1/2020, but elicited comparable CD8 and CD4 T cell responses against the WA1/2020, B.1.351, B.1.1.7, P.1 and CAL.20C variants. B.1.351 infection of control rhesus macaques resulted in higher levels of virus replication in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal swabs than did WA1/2020 infection. Ad26.COV2.S provided robust protection against both WA1/2020 and B.1.351, although we observed higher levels of virus in vaccinated macaques after B.1.351 challenge. These data demonstrate that Ad26.COV2.S provided robust protection against B.1.351 challenge in rhesus macaques. Our findings have important implications for vaccine control of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.


Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra la COVID-19/inmunología , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/virología , Inmunidad Celular , Inmunidad Humoral , Macaca mulatta/inmunología , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Ad26COVS1 , Animales , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/virología , COVID-19/inmunología , COVID-19/patología , Femenino , Macaca mulatta/virología , Masculino , Nariz/virología , SARS-CoV-2/crecimiento & desarrollo , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidad , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Replicación Viral
2.
Biochemistry ; 62(3): 657-668, 2023 02 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35421303

RESUMEN

The sorting nexin (SNX) proteins, Atg20 and Atg24, are involved in nonselective autophagy, are necessary for efficient selective autophagy, and are required for the cytoplasm-to-vacuole transport pathway. However, the specific roles of these proteins in autophagy are not well understood. Atg20 and Atg24 each contain a Phox homology domain that facilitates phosphoinositide binding. They also each contain an SNX-Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs domain that forms a cup-shaped dimer, capable of binding to curved membranes and remodeling those membranes in some cases. Atg20 and Atg24 form two distinct complexes, an Atg24/Atg24 homodimer and an Atg20/Atg24 heterodimer. Despite the presence of Atg24 in both complexes, it is currently unclear if these complexes have different membrane binding and remodeling properties. Therefore, in this study, we explored the membrane binding and shaping properties of these two dimeric complexes. We found that Atg24/Atg24 and Atg20/Atg24 have distinct membrane binding preferences. Both dimers recognized membranes containing phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PI(3)P] and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate, but Atg20/Atg24 bound to a broader array of liposomes, including those lacking phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol. In addition, we discovered that while both complexes bound to autophagosomal-like liposomes containing at least 5% PI(3)P, Atg20/Atg24 was capable of binding to autophagosomal-like liposomes lacking PI(3)P. Lastly, we observed that the Atg20/Atg24 heterodimer tubulates PI(3)P-containing and autophagosomal-like liposomes, but the Atg24/Atg24 homodimer could not tubulate these liposomes. Our findings suggest that these two dimers contain distinct membrane binding and shaping properties.


Asunto(s)
Liposomas , Nexinas de Clasificación , Nexinas de Clasificación/metabolismo , Liposomas/metabolismo , Autofagia , Fosfatos de Fosfatidilinositol
3.
Public Health Nutr ; 26(6): 1306-1316, 2023 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37013850

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Describe how dietary intake patterns of US young adults align with the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet (PHD) sustainable diet goals and identify personal, behavioural, and socio-environmental correlates of sustainable intake. DESIGN: Data on past-year dietary intake were captured using a FFQ. The PHD was applied to specific food groups, and a total PHD score was calculated. Linear regression models were used to identify associations between personal, behavioural and socio-environmental factors and PHD scores. SETTING: This cross-sectional analysis uses data from the second wave of EAT 2010-2018 (Eating and Activity over Time), a population-based longitudinal study recruited in Minnesota. PARTICIPANTS: Ethnically/racially diverse group of participants (n 1308) with a mean age of 22·1 (sd 2·0) years. RESULTS: The mean PHD score was 4·1 (sd 1·4) on a scale of 0-14, with 14 representing the most sustainable. On average, participants consumed fewer whole grains, fish, legumes, soya, and nuts than ideal for a sustainable diet, and an excess of eggs, added sugar, and meat. The PHD score was higher for participants with higher socio-economic status (SES) and greater educational attainment. Higher home availability of healthy food (ß = 0·24, P < 0·001) and less frequent fast-food consumption (ß = -0·26, P < 0·001) were the strongest correlates of PHD scores. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that a high percentage of participants may not be achieving the sustainable diet goals defined by the PHD. Reductions in meat consumption and increases in plant-based foods are necessary to increase the sustainability of US young adults' diets.


Asunto(s)
Dieta , Conducta Alimentaria , Animales , Estudios Transversales , Estudios Longitudinales , Ingestión de Alimentos
4.
Appetite ; 183: 106461, 2023 04 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36642116

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Exposure to and endorsement of weight bias attitudes are risk factors for poor mental health and weight-related outcomes among children and youth. Better understanding early-emerging weight bias, and how parents of young children may influence development of weight bias, may help reduce its occurrence. Although early childhood (under 5 years) is a developmental period characterized by increasing social-cognitive abilities to categorize others based on external features such as weight, little is known about the emergence or socialization of very early weight bias. The aim of this review was therefore to investigate weight bias and its correlates among very young children and parents of very young children as potential socialization agents. METHODS: A comprehensive search strategy was used to search electronic databases for studies that examined weight bias attitudes among children and parents. The review included studies that assessed weight bias in children and/or parents of children ages 1-3 years old (some including 3-5 year-olds), and that were published in English between 2011 and 2021. RESULTS: Thirteen of the 1748 identified studies met inclusion criteria. Only two studies used a longitudinal design. Seven of eight studies of children used behavioral tasks to assess child weight bias; among the 10 studies including parents, 4 used interviews and 6 used questionnaires to assess parent weight bias. Children were found to display anti-fat and pro-thin bias, with bias more prevalent among older children. Positive associations between parent and child weight bias were found in four studies. CONCLUSIONS: Child weight bias emerges prior to age 3 years and shows some association with parent weight bias. Future research should employ longitudinal designs to characterize influences on emerging weight bias among very young children.


Asunto(s)
Prejuicio de Peso , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Lactante , Padres/psicología , Socialización , Salud Mental
5.
J Pediatr Psychol ; 47(8): 873-882, 2022 08 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35609567

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic increased economic, social, and health stressors for families, yet its impacts on families of youth with chronic conditions, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), are not well understood. Self-regulation (SR)-or the capacities to control emotions, cognition, and behavior in response to challenge-is known to support T1D management and coping in the face of stress. Strong SR may have protected youth with T1D from the impacts of pandemic-related stressors. This study compared youth and parent emotional functioning and T1D management before and after the pandemic's onset in relation to family pandemic-related stress and youth SR. METHODS: Parents of youth with T1D (N = 88) and a subset of these youth (N = 43; Mean age 15.3 years [SD 2.2]) completed surveys regarding SR, stress, emotional functioning, and T1D-related functioning prior to and after March 2020. Outcomes were compared using mixed effects models adjusting for covariates. Family pandemic-related stress experiences and youth SR were tested as moderators of change. RESULTS: Parents' responsibility for T1D management increased across pandemic onset and their diabetes-related distress decreased. Family pandemic-related stress was associated with decreased emotional functioning over time. Youth SR, particularly emotional and behavioral aspects, predicted better emotional and T1D-related functioning. DISCUSSION: While youth with T1D whose families experienced higher pandemic-related stress had poorer adjustment, strong emotional and behavioral SR appeared to protect against worsening youth mood and adherence across pandemic onset. Both social-contextual and individual factors are important to consider when working with families managing T1D.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Autocontrol , Adolescente , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/psicología , Humanos , Pandemias , Factores Protectores
6.
Public Health Nutr ; : 1-10, 2022 May 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35570674

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To quantify perceptions of tap water among low-income mothers with young children residing in Michigan and examine associations between perceptions of tap water, mothers' and young children's beverage intake, and mothers' infant feeding practices. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Online survey. PARTICIPANTS: Medicaid-insured individuals who had given birth at a large Midwestern US hospital between fall 2016 and fall 2020 were invited by email to complete a survey in winter 2020 (N 3881); 15·6 % (N 606) completed eligibility screening, 550 (90·8 %) were eligible to participate, and 500 (90·9 %) provided valid survey data regarding perceptions of tap water, self and child beverage intake, and infant feeding practices. RESULTS: Two-thirds (66·2 %) of mothers reported that their home tap water was safe to drink without a filter, while 21·6 % were unsure about the safety of their home tap water. Mothers' perceptions of their home tap water were associated with their own tap and bottled water intake and their young children's tap water and bottled water intake. Mothers with more negative perceptions of tap water in general, independent of their perceptions about their home tap water, consumed more bottled water and sugar-sweetened beverages, and their young children drank bottled water and fruit drinks more frequently. Few associations were observed between mothers' perceptions of tap water and infant feeding practices. CONCLUSIONS: Uncertainty about tap water safety and negative perceptions of tap water are common among low-income Michigan mothers. These beliefs may contribute to less healthful and more costly beverage intake among mothers and their young children.

7.
Vet Pathol ; 59(4): 648-660, 2022 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35521761

RESUMEN

There is a need to standardize pathologic endpoints in animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection to help benchmark study quality, improve cross-institutional comparison of data, and assess therapeutic efficacy so that potential drugs and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 can rapidly advance. The Syrian hamster model is a tractable small animal model for COVID-19 that models clinical disease in humans. Using the hamster model, the authors used traditional pathologic assessment with quantitative image analysis to assess disease outcomes in hamsters administered polyclonal immune sera from previously challenged rhesus macaques. The authors then used quantitative image analysis to assess pathologic endpoints across studies performed at different institutions using different tissue processing protocols. The authors detail pathological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection longitudinally and use immunohistochemistry to quantify myeloid cells and T lymphocyte infiltrates during SARS-CoV-2 infection. High-dose immune sera protected hamsters from weight loss and diminished viral replication in tissues and reduced lung lesions. Cumulative pathology scoring correlated with weight loss and was robust in distinguishing IgG efficacy. In formalin-infused lungs, quantitative measurement of percent area affected also correlated with weight loss but was less robust in non-formalin-infused lungs. Longitudinal immunohistochemical assessment of interstitial macrophage infiltrates showed that peak infiltration corresponded to weight loss, yet quantitative assessment of macrophage, neutrophil, and CD3+ T lymphocyte numbers did not distinguish IgG treatment effects. Here, the authors show that quantitative image analysis was a useful adjunct tool for assessing SARS-CoV-2 treatment outcomes in the hamster model.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Enfermedades de los Roedores , Animales , COVID-19/veterinaria , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , Cricetinae , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Sueros Inmunes , Inmunoglobulina G , Pulmón/patología , Macaca mulatta , Mesocricetus , Enfermedades de los Roedores/patología , SARS-CoV-2 , Pérdida de Peso
8.
Appetite ; 168: 105683, 2022 01 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34496273

RESUMEN

Nearly all research on child feeding has focused on mothers. Very little is known about other family members' roles in feeding children nor how mothers engage with these family members regarding child feeding. The objective of this study was to examine mothers' perceptions of other family members' child feeding roles and practices within low-income families, including the challenges experienced and strategies employed by mothers when sharing responsibility for child feeding. Low-income mothers (n = 100) of pre-adolescent children participated in semi-structured interviews regarding child feeding including shared responsibility for child feeding. A content analysis was then conducted to identify main themes in mothers' responses, with three main themes arising from the interviews. First, many family members were actively involved in child feeding and food-related decision-making. The majority of mothers (85%) reported that another family member was involved in feeding their child including fathers and father figures, who were involved in feeding in 63% of families. Other family members, mainly grandparents, were involved in feeding in 35% of families. Mothers identified several concerns regarding their child's eating when with other family members, particularly when grandparents fed children. Finally, mothers employed several strategies to control their children's eating when children were cared for by other family members. Future interventions to promote healthy child feeding among low-income families may benefit from helping mothers negotiate child feeding with other family members, particularly grandparents, and supporting family members' engagement in child feeding.


Asunto(s)
Madres , Responsabilidad Parental , Adolescente , Niño , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Promoción de la Salud , Humanos , Pobreza
9.
Pediatr Res ; 89(5): 1310-1315, 2021 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32492693

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial stress in early childhood is associated with adult obesity and cardiometabolic disease. The association of psychosocial stress with the metabolome in childhood is unknown. METHOD: Low-income children (n = 28, mean age 1.8 years), recruited from the community, participated. Psychosocial stress was measured by diurnal salivary cortisol (cortisol intercept and slope) and by mother-reported chaos in the home using the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale (CHAOS). At mean age 6.1 years, anthropometry was collected and fasting metabolites measured using an untargeted metabolomics and shotgun lipidomics platform. RESULTS: Cortisol slope was inversely associated with fatty acid (FA) 20:3, FA 20:4 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) metabolites. A higher CHAOS score was associated with lower very long-chain PUFA metabolites and a trend towards lower long-chain PUFA containing triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial stress in early childhood, measured with both biological markers and parent report, was associated with lower PUFAs later in childhood. Future work should examine potential mechanisms of association, including dietary intake or direct effects on polyunsaturated fatty acid levels or metabolism. IMPACT: In this longitudinal study, the key message is that diurnal cortisol patterns and greater parent-reported psychosocial stress exposure in early childhood are associated with lower plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid containing lipids 5 years later, potentially indicating altered dietary intake or metabolism associated with psychosocial stress. Untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics can be used to assess changes in metabolism response to psychosocial stress. Stress exposure in early childhood may be associated with the future metabolome. Future work should examine potential pathways of association, including dietary intake and direct effects on metabolism.


Asunto(s)
Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/análisis , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/sangre , Lípidos/análisis , Antropometría , Biomarcadores/sangre , Niño , Preescolar , Grasas de la Dieta , Ácidos Grasos , Femenino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Lactante , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Metabolómica , Pobreza , Estrés Psicológico
10.
Am J Public Health ; 111(1): 116-120, 2021 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33211589

RESUMEN

The emergence of COVID-19 in the United States led most states to close or severely limit the capacity of their early child-care and education (ECE) programs. This loss affected millions of young children, including many of the 4.6 million low-income children who are provided free meals and snacks by their ECE programs through support from the federal Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP).Although Congress swiftly authorized waivers that would allow CACFP-participating ECE programs to continue distributing food to children, early evidence suggests that most ECE programs did not have the capacity to do so, leaving a fragmented system of federal, state, and local food programs to fill the gaps created by this loss.Critical steps are needed to repair our nation's fragile ECE system, including greater investment in CACFP, to ensure the nutrition, health, and development of young children during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19/epidemiología , Guarderías Infantiles , Asistencia Alimentaria/economía , Servicios de Alimentación , Comidas , Niño , Preescolar , Inseguridad Alimentaria , Servicios de Alimentación/economía , Servicios de Alimentación/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Pobreza , Estados Unidos
11.
Int J Eat Disord ; 54(4): 595-605, 2021 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33399230

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To characterize patterns of weight-related self-monitoring (WRSM) among US undergraduate and graduate students and examine associations between identified patterns of WRSM and eating disorder symptomology. METHOD: Undergraduate and graduate students from 12 US colleges and universities (N = 10,010) reported the frequency with which they use WRSM, including self-weighing and dietary self-monitoring. Eating disorder symptomology was assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Gender-specific patterns of WRSM were identified using latent class analysis, and logistic regressions were used to identify differences in the odds of eating disorder symptomology across patterns of WRSM. RESULTS: Among this sample, 32.7% weighed themselves regularly; 44.1% reported knowing the nutrition facts of the foods they ate; 33.6% reported knowing the caloric content of the foods they ate; and 12.8% counted the calories they ate. Among women, four patterns of WRSM were identified: "no WRSM," "all forms of WRSM," "knowing nutrition/calorie facts," and "self-weigh only." Compared with the "no WRSM" pattern, women in all other patterns experienced increased eating disorder symptomology. Among men, three patterns were identified: "no WRSM," "all forms of WRSM," and "knowing nutrition/calorie facts." Only men in the "all forms WRSM" pattern had increased eating disorder symptomatology compared with those in the "no WRSM" pattern. DISCUSSION: In a large sample of undergraduate and graduate students, engaging in any WRSM was associated with increased eating disorder symptomology among women, particularly for those who engaged in all forms. Among men, engaging in all forms of WRSM was the only pattern associated with higher eating disorder symptomology.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos , Dieta , Ingestión de Energía , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudiantes , Universidades
12.
J Biol Chem ; 294(39): 14333-14344, 2019 09 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31391250

RESUMEN

Cyanobacteria of the Prochlorococcus and marine Synechococcus genera are the most abundant photosynthetic microbes in the ocean. Intriguingly, the genomes of these bacteria are strongly divergent even within each genus, both in gene content and at the amino acid level of the encoded proteins. One striking exception to this is a 62-amino-acid protein, termed Prochlorococcus/ Synechococcushyper-conserved protein (PSHCP). PSHCP is not only found in all sequenced Prochlorococcus and marine Synechococcus genomes, but it is also nearly 100% identical in its amino acid sequence across all sampled genomes. Such universal distribution and sequence conservation suggest an essential cellular role of PSHCP in these bacteria. However, its function is unknown. Here, we used NMR spectroscopy to determine its structure, finding that 53 of the 62 amino acids in PSHCP form a Tudor domain, whereas the remainder of the protein is disordered. NMR titration experiments revealed that PSHCP has only a weak affinity for DNA, but an 18.5-fold higher affinity for tRNA, hinting at an involvement of PSHCP in translation. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments further revealed that PSHCP also binds single-stranded, double-stranded, and hairpin RNAs. These results provide the first insight into the structure and function of PSHCP, suggesting that PSHCP appears to be an RNA-binding protein that can recognize a broad array of RNA molecules.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas/química , Proteínas Intrínsecamente Desordenadas/química , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/química , Dominio Tudor , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Secuencia Conservada , Proteínas Intrínsecamente Desordenadas/metabolismo , Prochlorococcus/química , Prochlorococcus/metabolismo , Unión Proteica , ARN/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Synechococcus/química , Synechococcus/metabolismo
13.
Curr Diab Rep ; 20(8): 37, 2020 07 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32638126

RESUMEN

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Youth with strong self-regulation (SR), or the ability to manage thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, engage in more effective type 1 diabetes (T1D) management. However, while parent support and engagement are critical to ensuring positive youth T1D outcomes, it is rarely considered that parents' SR may also influence youth T1D management. If this is the case, novel interventions to improve parents' SR or ensure adequate support for parents with SR challenges offer great potential to improve family functioning and youth T1D management. RECENT FINDINGS: Theoretical and preliminary empirical evidence suggests that parental SR impacts family processes that support youth T1D treatment regimen adherence. Furthermore, parent and youth SR likely interact, with high parent SR enhancing the positive effects of high youth SR or compensating for low youth SR. Continued research is needed to better understand the ways in which parent SR matters to youth T1D management and identify how to support improvements in T1D management among families of parents with low SR.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Autocontrol , Adolescente , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/terapia , Humanos , Padres
14.
Am J Public Health ; 110(4): 540-546, 2020 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32078356

RESUMEN

Objectives. To identify the effect of a Breakfast in the Classroom (BIC) initiative on the foods and drinks students consume in the morning.Methods. Sixteen public schools in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that provide universal breakfast participated in a group randomized trial to examine the effects of BIC with complementary nutrition promotion between 2013 and 2016. Control schools (n = 8) offered breakfast in the cafeteria before school. Baseline data were collected from 1362 students in grades 4 to 6. Endpoint data were collected after 2.5 years. Students self-reported the foods and drinks they consumed in the morning.Results. At endpoint, there was no effect of the intervention on breakfast skipping. Nearly 30% of intervention students consumed breakfast foods or drinks from multiple locations, as compared with 21% of control students. A greater proportion of intervention students than control students consumed 100% juice, and a smaller proportion consumed sugar-sweetened beverages and foods high in saturated fat and added sugar.Conclusions. A BIC initiative led to improvements in the types of foods and drinks students consumed in the morning. However, the program did not reduce breakfast skipping and increased the number of locations where students ate.


Asunto(s)
Desayuno , Servicios de Alimentación/organización & administración , Instituciones Académicas , Bebidas/clasificación , Niño , Femenino , Alimentos/clasificación , Asistencia Alimentaria , Humanos , Masculino , Philadelphia , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud
15.
Public Health Nutr ; 23(6): 987-995, 2020 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31806063

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To identify whether picky eating during childhood is associated with dietary intake, weight status and disordered eating behaviour during young adulthood. DESIGN: A population-based study using data from young adults who responded online or by mail to the third wave of the Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults) study in 2008-2009. Participants retrospectively reported the extent to which they were a picky eater in childhood, sociodemographic characteristics, disordered eating behaviours, usual dietary intake, and weight and height. SETTING: Participants were initially recruited in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area of Minnesota, USA, in 1998-1999. PARTICIPANTS: The analytic sample included 2275 young adults (55 % female, 48 % non-Hispanic White, mean age 25·3 (sd 1·6) years). RESULTS: Young adults who reported picky eating in childhood were found to currently have lower intakes of fruit, vegetables and whole grains, and more frequent intakes of snack foods, sugar-sweetened beverages and foods from fast-food restaurants. No associations were observed between picky eating in childhood and young adults' weight status, use of weight-control strategies or report of binge eating. CONCLUSIONS: While young adults who report picky eating during childhood are not at higher risk for disordered eating, those who were picky eaters tend to have less healthy dietary intake. Food preferences and dietary habits established by picky eaters during childhood may persist into adulthood.


Asunto(s)
Dieta Saludable/psicología , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Irritabilidad Alimentaria , Adulto , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Encuestas sobre Dietas , Dieta Saludable/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto Joven
16.
BMC Pediatr ; 20(1): 112, 2020 03 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32145739

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Self-regulation (SR), or the capacity to control one's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in order to achieve a desired goal, shapes health outcomes through many pathways, including supporting adherence to medical treatment regimens. Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is one specific condition that requires SR to ensure adherence to daily treatment regimens that can be arduous and effortful (e.g., monitoring blood glucose). Adolescents, in particular, have poor adherence to T1D treatment regimens, yet it is essential that they assume increased responsibility for managing their T1D as they approach young adulthood. Adolescence is also a time of rapid changes in SR capacity and thus a compelling period for intervention. Promoting SR among adolescents with T1D may thus be a novel method to improve treatment regimen adherence. The current study tests a behavioral intervention to enhance SR among adolescents with T1D. SR and T1D medical regimen adherence will be examined as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. METHODS: We will use a randomized control trial design to test the impact of a behavioral intervention on three SR targets: Executive Functioning (EF), Emotion Regulation (ER), and Future Orientation (FO); and T1D medical regimen adherence. Adolescents with T1D (n = 94) will be recruited from pediatric endocrinology clinics and randomly assigned to treatment or control group. The behavioral intervention consists of working memory training (to enhance EF), biofeedback and relaxation training (to enhance ER), and episodic future thinking training (to enhance FO) across an 8-week period. SR and treatment regimen adherence will be assessed at pre- and post-test using multiple methods (behavioral tasks, diabetes device downloads, self- and parent-report). We will use an intent-to-treat framework using generalized linear mixed models to test our hypotheses that: 1) the treatment group will demonstrate greater improvements in SR than the control group, and 2) the treatment group will demonstrate better treatment regimen adherence outcomes than the control group. DISCUSSION: If successful, SR-focused behavioral interventions could improve health outcomes among adolescents with T1D and have transdiagnostic implications across multiple chronic conditions requiring treatment regimen adherence. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03688919; registered September 28, 2018.


Asunto(s)
Automonitorización de la Glucosa Sanguínea , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Autocontrol , Adolescente , Adulto , Glucemia , Niño , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/terapia , Humanos , Motivación , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Adulto Joven
17.
Appetite ; 137: 21-26, 2019 06 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30772449

RESUMEN

The family food environment plays an important role in supporting children's dietary quality, regulating eating behaviors, and promoting a healthy weight status. However, relatively little is known regarding parent-level factors that support or hinder parents' ability to create health-promoting family food environments. The current study examines whether executive function among mothers, or mothers' capacity to control their thoughts, emotions, and actions, is associated with qualities of the family food environment that support children's healthy eating and weight. Cross-sectional data were collected from 492 US-based mothers of 2 to 9-year-old children in August 2017 (Mean maternal age = 34.2 years (SD = 6.7), 76.5% White race). Mothers' difficulties with executive function were measured using the Behavior Rating of Executive Function-Adult Version and family food environment characteristics were measured via psychometrically-sound, self-report surveys. Standardized, linear regression models were used to examine covariate-adjusted associations between mothers' executive function difficulties and family food environment characteristics, as well as the potential for differences in these associations by family sociodemographic characteristics. Mothers with more executive function difficulties consistently reported less use of recommended food-related parenting practices and less healthful home food environment characteristics including providing frequent family meals, implementing consistent mealtime schedules and structure, and avoiding using food to regulate children's emotions. No differences in these associations were observed by mothers' educational attainment, household income-to-needs ratio, or child age. Results suggest that lower executive function may interfere with mothers' ability to create family food environments that support children's healthy eating and weight.


Asunto(s)
Dieta Saludable , Función Ejecutiva , Madres/psicología , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Familia , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Humanos , Comidas , Estados Unidos
18.
Ann Surg ; 267(4): 734-742, 2018 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28151800

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between bowel preparation and surgical site infections (SSIs), and also other postoperative complications, after elective colorectal surgery. BACKGROUND: SSI is a major source of postoperative morbidity/costs after colorectal surgery. The value of preoperative bowel preparation to prevent SSI remains controversial. METHODS: We analyzed 32,359 patients who underwent elective colorectal resections in the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program database from 2012 to 2014. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed; propensity adjustment using patient/procedure characteristics was used to account for nonrandom receipt of bowel preparation. RESULTS: 26.7%, 36.6%, 3.8%, and 32.9% of patients received no bowel preparation, mechanical bowel preparation (MBP), oral antibiotics (OA), and MBP + OA, respectively. After propensity adjustment, MBP was not associated with decreased risk of SSI compared with no bowel preparation. In contrast, both OA and OA + MBP were associated with decreased risk of any SSI (adjusted odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.38-0.64; and adjusted odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.40-0.50, respectively) compared with no bowel preparation. OA and MBP + OA were associated with decreased risks of anastomotic leak, postoperative ileus, readmission, and also shorter length of stay (all P < 0.05). Bowel preparation was not associated with increased risk of cardiac/renal complications compared with no preparation. CONCLUSIONS: The use of MBP alone before elective colorectal resection to prevent SSI is ineffective and should be abandoned. In contrast, OA and MBP + OA are associated with decreased risks of SSI and are not associated with increased risks of other adverse outcomes compared with no preparation. Prospective studies to determine the efficacy of OA are warranted; in the interim, MBP + OA should be used routinely before elective colorectal resection to prevent SSI.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Catárticos/administración & dosificación , Colon/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Electivos/efectos adversos , Cuidados Preoperatorios/métodos , Recto/cirugía , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/prevención & control , Administración Oral , Anciano , Profilaxis Antibiótica , Investigación sobre la Eficacia Comparativa , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Cuidados Preoperatorios/normas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo
19.
Eat Disord ; 26(5): 418-429, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29240529

RESUMEN

This study examined the cross-sectional associations between gender-linked personality traits and use of products for weight loss and muscle building using data from young adults participating in Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health who completed the short-form Bem Sex-Role Inventory (n = 3,343). Among men, a higher score on the masculinity scale was associated with greater odds of diet pill use, legal performance-enhancing substance (PES) use, and illicit PES use, while a higher score on the femininity scale was associated with lower odds of illicit PES use. These findings can inform interventions for men with weight/shape concerns.


Asunto(s)
Feminidad , Masculinidad , Sustancias para Mejorar el Rendimiento/administración & dosificación , Personalidad , Pérdida de Peso , Adolescente , Adulto , Imagen Corporal/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Laxativos , Masculino , Factores Sexuales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven
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