Formation of water-in-oil microemulsions within a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent.

Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as neoteric, non-toxic, and inexpensive media have the potential to replace organic solvents in various aggregation processes. Conventional water-in-oil microemulsions are formed using mostly environmentally unfavorable toxic organic solvents as the bulk oil phase. Evidence of formation of water-in-DES microemulsions is presented. These novel assemblies are formed using a hydrophobic DES constituted of n-decanoic acid (DA) and tetra-n-butylammonium chloride (TBAC) in 2 : 1 mole ratio, termed TBAC-DA, as the bulk oil phase. It is observed that in the presence of a common and popular non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100), water pools are formed within TBAC-DA under ambient conditions with maximum water loading (w0 = [water]/[TX-100]) of 60 ± 3 for [TX-100] = 300 mM. The formation of the microemulsions is established by using fluorescence probe pyranine, which exhibited the appearance of a band characterizing the un-protonated form of the probe clearly implying onset of water-in-TBAC-DA microemulsion formation. The UV-vis absorbance of CoII further corroborates TX-100-assisted water pool formation within TBAC-DA via the appearance of the band that is assigned to the response of the probe in water. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement suggests average aggregate sizes to be in the range of 72(±4) to 122(±7) nm. These unprecedented water-in-DES microemulsions may have far reaching implications due to their benign nature.

Ionic Liquid-Based Optical and Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Sensors.

Due to their unusual physicochemical properties (e.g., high thermal stability, low volatility, high intrinsic conductivity, wide electrochemical windows and good solvating ability), ionic liquids have shown immense application potential in many research areas. Applications of ionic liquid in developing various sensors, especially for the sensing of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins and enzymes, gas sensing and sensing of various important ions, among other chemosensing platforms, are currently being explored by researchers worldwide. The use of ionic liquids for the detection of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is currently a major topic of research due to the associated importance of this gas with daily human life. This review focuses on the application of ionic liquids in optical and electrochemical CO2 sensors. The design, mechanism, sensitivity and detection limit of each type of sensor are highlighted in this review.

Interaction between antidepressant drug trazodone with double-stranded DNA: Multi-spectroscopic and computational analysis.

Trazodone (TZD) is an antidepressant drug used to treat major depressive and sleeping disorders. Elevated doses of trazodone are associated with central nervous system depression, which manifests as nausea, drowsiness, confusion, vertigo, exhaustion, etc. To develop a clinically viable active pharmaceutical compound with minimal adverse effects, it is imperative to possess a comprehensive knowledge of the drug's action mechanism on DNA. Hence, we investigate the mode of interaction between trazodone and DNA utilizing various spectroscopic and computational techniques. Studies using UV-vis titration showed that the DNA and trazodone have an effective interaction. The magnitude of the Stern-Volmer constant (KSV) has been calculated to be 5.84 × 106 M-1 by the Lehrer equation from a steady-state fluorescence study. UV-vis absorption, DNA melting, dye displacement, and circular dichroism studies suggested that trazodone binds with DNA in minor grooves. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation demonstrated that the TZD-DNA system was stable, and the mode of binding was minor groove. Furthermore, ionic strength investigation demonstrates that DNA and trazodone do not have a substantial electrostatic binding interaction.

Ionic liquids: environmentally sustainable materials for energy conversion and storage applications.

Ionic liquids (ILs), often known as green designer solvents, have demonstrated immense application potential in numerous scientific and technological domains. ILs possess high boiling point and low volatility that make them suitable environmentally benign candidates for many potential applications. The more important aspect associated with ILs is that their physicochemical properties can be effectively changed for desired applications just by tuning the structure of the cationic and/or anionic part of ILs. Furthermore, these eco-friendly designer materials can function as electrolytes or solvents depending on the application. Owing to the distinctive properties such as low volatility, high thermal and electrochemical stability, and better ionic conductivity, ILs are nowadays immensely used in a variety of energy applications, particularly in the development of green and sustainable energy storage and conversion devices. Suitable ILs are designed for specific purposes to be used as electrolytes and/or solvents for fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors (SCs), and solar cells. Herein, we have highlighted the utilization of ILs as unique green designer materials in Li-batteries, fuel cells, SCs, and solar cells. This review will enlighten the promising prospects of these unique, environmentally sustainable materials for next-generation green energy conversion and storage devices. Ionic liquids have much to offer in the field of energy sciences regarding fixing some of the world's most serious issues. However, most of the discoveries discussed in this review article are still at the laboratory research scale for further development. This review article will inspire researchers and readers about how ILs can be effectively applied in energy sectors for various applications as mentioned above.

Molecular interaction between three novel amino acid based deep eutectic solvents with surface active ionic liquid: A comparative study.

Interaction between a surface active ionic liquid (IL) viz. 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Dmim][Cl] with three novel amino acid-based deep eutectic solvents (DES, consisting of choline chloride and l-methionine (DES1), l-phenylalanine (DES2), and l-glutamine (DES3) in a 1: 2 mol ratio) is studied. Several techniques, including surface tension, fluorescence, UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), were used to investigate the key micellar properties and intermolecular interactions between the IL and DESs. All the DESs studied here facilitate the micellization process successfully lowering the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of [Dmim][Cl] with addition of 5 wt% and 10 wt% of DESs. In decreasing order of DES2 > DES1 > DES3, the affinity to promote IL [Dmim][Cl] aggregation within aqueous DES solutions. Additionally, the CMC values as well as the surface tension at CMC are both noticeably reduced significantly by DES2. The surface tension method determines how three amino acid-based DESs affect the CMC, Гmax, πCMC, Amin and pC20 of micellization. When IL [Dmim][Cl] forms micelles within DES solutions, the solvophobic effect predominates, and the intermolecular hydrogen-bond interaction helps to form micelles. FTIR was used to examine the molecular interactions and structural changes of the ionic liquid self-assemblies in aqueous DESs. The results show that the presence of DESs greatly aids in the micellization of [Dmim][Cl], and to a greater extent for DES2 than for DES1/DES3. The colloidal properties of DES and their mixtures are advantageous for the solubility, micellization, and other features of ionic liquids; further details on this positive observation are provided in the results and discussion. In the areas of micellization, CMC, synthesis, catalysis, and environmental, biological, and pharmaceutical applications, among others, DESs are extremely useful.

Role of the surfactant structure in the behavior of hydrophobic ionic liquids within aqueous micellar solutions.

The behavior of an ionic liquid (IL) within aqueous micellar solutions is governed by its unique property to act as both an electrolyte and a cosolvent. The influence of the surfactant structure on the properties of aqueous micellar solutions of zwitterionic SB-12, nonionic Brij-35 and TX-100, and anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the presence of the "hydrophobic" IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF(6)]) is assessed along with the possibility of forming oil-in-water microemulsions in which the IL acts as the "oil" phase. The solubility of [bmim][PF(6)] within aqueous micellar solutions increases with increasing surfactant concentration. In contrast to anionic SDS, the zwitterionic and nonionic surfactant solutions solubilize more [bmim][PF(6)] at higher concentrations and the average aggregate size remains almost unchanged. The formation of IL-in-water microemulsions when the concentration of [bmim][PF(6)] is above its aqueous solubility is suggested for nonionic Brij-35 and TX-100 aqueous surfactant solutions.

Ionic liquid-induced unprecedented size enhancement of aggregates within aqueous sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

Physicochemical properties of aqueous micellar solutions may change in the presence of ionic liquids (ILs). Micelles help to increase the aqueous solubility of ILs. The average size of the micellar aggregates within aqueous sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) is observed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to increase in a sudden and drastic fashion as the IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF(6)]) is added. Similar addition of [bmim][PF(6)] to aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) results in only a slow gradual increase in average aggregate size. While addition of the IL [bmim][BF(4)] also gives rise to sudden aggregate size enhancement within aqueous SDBS, the IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([emim][BF(4)]), and inorganic salts NaPF(6) and NaBF(4), only gradually increase the assembly size upon their addition. Bulk dynamic viscosity, microviscosity, dipolarity (indicated by the fluorescent reporter pyrene), zeta potential, and electrical conductance measurements were taken to gain insight into this unusual size enhancement. It is proposed that bmim(+) cations of the IL undergo Coulombic attractive interactions with anionic headgroups at the micellar surface at all [bmim][PF(6)] concentrations in aqueous SDS; in aqueous SDBS, beyond a critical IL concentration, bmim(+) becomes involved in cation-π interaction with the phenyl moiety of SDBS within micellar aggregates with the butyl group aligned along the alkyl chain of the surfactant. This relocation of bmim(+) results in an unprecedented size increase in micellar aggregates. Aromaticity of the IL cation alongside the presence of sufficiently aliphatic (butyl or longer) alkyl chains on the IL appear to be essential for this dramatic critical expansion in self-assembly dimensions within aqueous SDBS.

Micellization Behavior of Conventional Cationic Surfactants within Glycerol-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent.

The aggregation behavior of two cationic surfactants, i.e., cetyldimethylethanolammonium bromide (CDMEAB) and cetyltributylphosphonium bromide (CTBPB), within an aqueous deep eutectic solvent (DES) is studied. The synthesized DES is composed of 1:2 mole ratio of choline chloride and glycerol and is further characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H NMR spectroscopy techniques. The critical micellar concentration (CMC), micellar size, and intermolecular interaction in surfactants within Gly-based DES solutions are investigated by various techniques including surface tension, conductivity, fluorescence, dynamic light scattering (DLS), FTIR, 1H NMR, and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY). The various interfacial properties and thermodynamic parameters are determined in the presence of 5 wt % glyceline (Gly)-based DES in an aqueous solution. The CMC, aggregation number (N agg), and Stern-Volmer constant (K sv) have also been determined by a steady-state fluorescence method. DLS is used to obtain information regarding the size of the aggregates formed by the cationic surfactants in DES solutions. FTIR spectroscopy is used to study the surfactant-DES interactions that tune the micellar structure of the surfactants within the Gly-based DES solution. The functional groups involved in the interactions (H-bonding and electrostatic) are the head groups (HO-CH2-CH2-N+ ion for CDMEAB and quaternary phosphonium (P+) ion for CTBPB) of the surfactants with the -OH-containing Gly DES. The hydrophobic moieties are involved in the hydrophobic interactions. The 1H NMR data show that differences in chemical shifts can provide significant information about the interactions taking place within the system. 1H NMR and NOESY techniques are further employed to strengthen our claim on the feasible structural arrangements within the aqueous surfactant-DES self-assembled structures. It is observed that both the cationic surfactants, i.e., CDMEAB and CTBPB, form self-assembled nanostructures in the Gly-based DES solutions. The present results are expected to be useful for colloidal solutions of DES and their mixtures with water.

Multi-spectroscopic investigation on the inclusion complexation of α-cyclodextrin with long chain ionic liquid.

Host-guest interaction of ionic liquid (IL) 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Dmim][BF4] within α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) has been studied by different spectroscopic techniques and our investigated system is significant in the field of supramolecular chemistry and medicine. Benesi-Hildebrand correlation is used to study the stoichiometry of the host-guest complexation. Here concurrence with FT-IR and dynamic light scattering (DLS) results, it is shown that α-CD interacts with [Dmim][BF4], induces compositional and structural changes. Characterization of the [Dmim][BF4]-α-CD inclusion complex (IC) by 1H NMR spectroscopy provided information about the complexation among the [Dmim][BF4] and α-CD molecules and the structure of the ICs. 1H NMR results confirm the formation of inclusion complex (IC) while UV-vis spectroscopy, DLS and FTIR studies show development of IC with 1:1 stoichiometry. The present study can be highly applicable in the fields of pharmaceutical science, supra-molecular chemistry and material science.

Modifying properties of aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide with external additives: ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide versus cosurfactant n-hexyltrimethylammonium bromide.

Understanding the effect of external additives on the properties of aqueous surfactant solutions is of utmost importance due to widespread applications of surfactant-based systems. Role of ionic liquids (ILs) in this regard may turn out to be crucial as these substances are known to possess unusual properties. To unambiguously understand and establish the role of ILs in modifying properties of aqueous surfactant systems, changes in the physicochemical properties of aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) upon addition of an IL 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([hmim][Br]) are compared with those when a cosurfactant n-hexyltrimethylammonium bromide (HeTAB) is added to aqueous CTAB. Important physicochemical properties, such as critical micelle concentration (cmc), aggregation number (N(agg)), solution conductance and microfluidity, and average aggregate size and polydispersity, are observed to change as either [hmim][Br] or HeTAB is added to aqueous CTAB; the experimental outcomes clearly imply the changes in most of the physicochemical properties to be significantly more dramatic in case of IL [hmim][Br] addition. The fact that, between the two, only IL [hmim][Br] may show cosolvent-type behavior at high concentrations is evoked to explain the differences in the behavior of the two additives. It is demonstrated that both [hmim][Br] and HeTAB show electrolytic as well as cosurfactant-type behavior within aqueous CTAB when present at low concentrations, with the changes in physicochemical properties being very similar. At high concentrations, although HeTAB still acts as a cosurfactant forming mixed micelles with CTAB, IL [hmim][Br] behaves partly as a cosolvent toward altering the physicochemical properties of aqueous CTAB. The unique role of IL in changing properties of aqueous surfactant systems is demonstrated.

Self-assembly of a short-chain ionic liquid within deep eutectic solvents.

Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are receiving increased attention from both academic and industrial research due to their immense application potential. These designer solvents are environmentally friendly in nature with tunable physicochemical properties. In the present investigation, we have studied the aggregation behavior of a short-chain IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsulphate [Bmim][OS] within aqueous DESs using fluorescence, UV-vis, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. We have prepared two DESs, ChCl-urea and ChCl-Gly, which are obtained by heating a mixture of an ammonium salt choline chloride with hydrogen bond donor urea or glycerol, respectively, in 1 : 2 molar ratios. The local microenvironment and size of the aggregates are obtained from steady state fluorescence (using pyrene and pyrene-1-carboxaldehyde as polarity probes) and DLS measurements, respectively. DLS results shows that IL [Bmim][OS] forms relatively larger micelles within the aqueous solution of DES ChCl-urea (avg. hydrodynamic radii = 209 nm) than compared to ChCl-Gly (avg. hydrodynamic radii = 135 nm). A significant decrease in the critical micelle concentration and increase in the aggregation number (N agg) are observed within DES solutions as compared to that in water, thus indicating that the micellization process of the IL [Bmim][OS] is much favored in the DES solutions. Molecular interactions of [Bmim][OS] in DESs are revealed from FT-IR spectroscopic investigation. Furthermore, these systems were applied to study the IL-drug binding of the antidepressant drug promazine hydrochloride (PH).

Self-aggregation of bio-surfactants within ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide: A comparative study and potential application in antidepressants drug aggregation.

Aggregation behavior of bio-surfactants (BS) sodium cholate (NaC) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) within aqueous solution of ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [Emim][Br] has been investigated using surface tension, conductivity, steady state fluorescence, FT-IR and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. Various interfacial and thermodynamic parameters are determined in the presence of different wt% of IL [Emim][Br]. Information regarding the local microenvironment and size of the aggregates is obtained from fluorescence and DLS, respectively. FT-IR spectral response is used to reveal the interactions taking place within aqueous NaC/NaDC micellar solutions. It is noteworthy to mention that increasing wt% of [Emim][Br] results in an increase in the spontaneity of micelle formation and the hydrophilic IL shows more affinity for NaC as compared to NaDC. Further, the micellar solutions of BS-[Emim][Br] are utilized for studying the aggregation of antidepressants drug promazine hydrochloride (pH). UV-vis spectroscopic investigation reveals interesting outcomes and the results show changes in spectral absorbance of PH drug on the addition of micellar solution (BS-[Emim][Br]). Highest binding affinity and most promising activity are shown for NaC as compared to NaDC.

Concentration-dependent dual behavior of hydrophilic ionic liquid in changing properties of aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate.

Modifying physicochemical properties of aqueous surfactant solutions in favorable fashion by addition of environmentally benign room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) has enormous future potential. Due to its unusual properties, an IL may demonstrate a unique role in altering the properties of aqueous surfactant solutions. Changes in the properties of aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, upon addition of a common and popular "hydrophilic" ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [bmim][BF4] are presented. Addition of low concentrations of [bmim][BF4] (i.e.,

Modulating properties of aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate by adding hydrophobic ionic liquid.

Altering and modifying important physicochemical properties of aqueous surfactant solutions is highly desirable as far as potential applications of such systems are concerned. Changes in the properties of aqueous solutions of a common anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are assessed in the presence of a common and popular 'hydrophobic' ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (bmimPF(6)). Upon addition of up to approximately 0.10 wt% bmimPF(6), a dramatic decrease in critical micelle concentration (cmc) is accompanied by an increase in the degree of counterion dissociation (alpha) and micellar aggregation number (N(agg)) indicating micellar growth. However, in the range 0.10 wt% < or = bmimPF(6) 2.00 wt%, relatively gradual decrease in alpha and N(agg) is observed along with no change in cmc. Significantly decreased microfluidity of the aqueous SDS solutions on addition of bmimPF(6) is indicated by a fluorescence microviscosity probe 1,3-bis-(1-pyrenyl)propane which suggests partitioning of bmimPF(6) into the SDS micellar phase. Behavior of solvatochromic fluorescence probes, pyrene, pyrene-1-carboxaldehyde, and 2-(p-toluidino)naphthalene-6-sulfonate, confirms interaction, and possible complexation, between IL bmimPF(6) and anionic micellar surface. Increased solubility of bmimPF(6) with increasing SDS concentration further confirms SDS-bmimPF(6) interactions. Presence of strong electrostatic attraction between bmim(+) and anionic micellar surface is proposed to be the most dominant reason for these observations. All-in-all, unique role of a hydrophobic ionic liquid bmimPF(6) in modifying the properties of aqueous anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate is demonstrated.

Effect of added ionic liquid on aqueous Triton X-100 micelles.

Addition of ionic liquids to aqueous surfactant solutions can alter/modify physicochemical properties of such systems in favorable manner. Changes in the properties of aqueous solutions of a useful nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100) are assessed upon addition of 2.1 wt% of a common and popular ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (bmimPF6). It is shown that the solubility of 'hydrophobic' bmimPF6 in aqueous TX-100 increases with TX-100 concentration. This observation combined with the conductivity data strongly indicates partitioning of bmimPF6 into TX-100 micellar phase. Behavior of a variety of molecular absorbance [methyl orange, phenol blue, and N,N-diethyl-4-nitroaniline] and fluorescence [phenyl on the TX-100, pyrene, pyrene-1-carboxaldehyde, 2-(p-toluidino)naphthalene-6-sulfonate, and 1,3-bis-(1-pyrenyl)propane] probes further confirm this observation. Statistically insignificant increase in critical micelle concentration (cmc) and decrease in aggregation number (N(agg)) of TX-100 micelles are observed upon addition of 2.1 wt% bmimPF6. Based on the overall data, it is inferred that ionic liquid bmimPF6 partitions into the TX-100 micellar phase; presence of bmimPF6 both close to the core as well as in the palisade layer of TX-100 micelles is suggested. Presence of favorable interactions (e.g., H-bonding, dipole-induced dipole, among others) between bmimPF6 and TX-100 is proposed to be the reason for these observations.

Temperature-dependent solvatochromic probe behavior within ionic liquids and (ionic liquid + water) mixtures.

Spectroscopic responses of absorbance probes, betaine dye 33, N,N-diethyl-4-nitroaniline, and 4-nitroaniline, and fluorescence dipolarity probes, pyrene (Py) and pyrene-1-carboxaldehyde (PyCHO) within ionic liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]), and aqueous mixtures of [bmim][BF4] are used to assess the changes in important physicochemical properties with temperature in the range 10-90 degrees C. ETN obtained from betaine dye 33, indicating dipolarity/polarizability and/or hydrogen bond donating (HBD) acidity, decreases linearly with increasing temperature within the two ILs. Changes in Kamlet-Taft parameters dipolarity/polarizability (pi*), HBD acidity (alpha), and HB accepting (HBA) basicity (beta) with temperature show interesting trends. While pi* and alpha decrease linearly with increasing temperature within the two ILs, beta appears to be independent of the temperature. Similar to ETNand pi*, the first-to-third band intensity ratio of probe Py also decreases linearly with increasing temperature within the ILs. The lowest energy fluorescence maxima of PyCHO, though it decreases significantly within water as the temperature is increased from 10 to 90 degrees C, it does not change within the two ILs investigated. The temperature dependence of the dipolarity/polarizability as manifested via betaine dye 33 behavior is found to be more within the aqueous mixtures of [bmim][BF4] as compared to that within neat [bmim][BF4] or neat water. The sensitivity of pi* toward temperature increases as IL is added to water and that of alpha decreases. The temperature dependent Py behavior shows no clear-cut trend within aqueous mixtures of [bmim][BF4]; insensitivity of the PyCHO response toward temperature change is reasserted within aqueous IL mixtures. All-in-all, the temperature-dependent behavior of solvatochromic probes within [bmim][PF6], [bmim][BF4], and aqueous mixtures of [bmim][BF4] is found to depend on the identity of the probe.

Interaction between ionic liquid and zwitterionic surfactant: a comparative study of two ionic liquids with different anions.

Room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) may have enormous potential as far as modifying the properties of aqueous surfactant solutions is concerned. A comparative study on the changes in the physicochemical properties of aqueous solution of a commonly used zwitterionic surfactant N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (SB-12) in the presence of up to 2 wt% of two ILs with same cation but different anions is undertaken using conductance, fluorescence spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The two ILs used are 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF(4)]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF(6)]). It is demonstrated that the addition of IL alters the important properties of aqueous SB-12. Critical micelle concentration, aggregation number, micellar size, and microfluidity of micellar pseudo-phase change when the IL is added to aqueous SB-12. The extent to which these properties are altered is observed to be significantly more for [bmim][PF(6)] as compared to that for [bmim][BF(4)]. The results demonstrate the presence of electrostatic attractive interactions between the ions of ILs and the zwitterion of SB-12 to be the major reason for these observations. While the interaction between the IL cation and the anionic sulfonate termini of SB-12 is same for the two ILs, that between IL anion and cationic quaternary ammonium of SB-12 is proposed to be more efficient for [bmim][PF(6)] due to the bigger size of PF(6)(-). Important role of IL anion in modifying properties of aqueous SB-12 is demonstrated. It is noted that the changes in the properties of aqueous surfactant systems upon IL addition depend strongly on the nature of the surfactant head group.