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1.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 27(1)2021 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33075274

RESUMEN

We describe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among US food manufacturing and agriculture workers and provide updated information on meat and poultry processing workers. Among 742 food and agriculture workplaces in 30 states, 8,978 workers had confirmed COVID-19; 55 workers died. Racial and ethnic minority workers could be disproportionately affected by COVID-19.


Asunto(s)
Agricultura , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/transmisión , Industria de Alimentos , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adulto Joven
2.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep ; 69(18)2020 May 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32379731

RESUMEN

Congregate work and residential locations are at increased risk for infectious disease transmission including respiratory illness outbreaks. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is primarily spread person to person through respiratory droplets. Nationwide, the meat and poultry processing industry, an essential component of the U.S. food infrastructure, employs approximately 500,000 persons, many of whom work in proximity to other workers (1). Because of reports of initial cases of COVID-19, in some meat processing facilities, states were asked to provide aggregated data concerning the number of meat and poultry processing facilities affected by COVID-19 and the number of workers with COVID-19 in these facilities, including COVID-19-related deaths. Qualitative data gathered by CDC during on-site and remote assessments were analyzed and summarized. During April 9-27, aggregate data on COVID-19 cases among 115 meat or poultry processing facilities in 19 states were reported to CDC. Among these facilities, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 4,913 (approximately 3%) workers, and 20 COVID-19-related deaths were reported. Facility barriers to effective prevention and control of COVID-19 included difficulty distancing workers at least 6 feet (2 meters) from one another (2) and in implementing COVID-19-specific disinfection guidelines.* Among workers, socioeconomic challenges might contribute to working while feeling ill, particularly if there are management practices such as bonuses that incentivize attendance. Methods to decrease transmission within the facility include worker symptom screening programs, policies to discourage working while experiencing symptoms compatible with COVID-19, and social distancing by workers. Source control measures (e.g., the use of cloth face covers) as well as increased disinfection of high-touch surfaces are also important means of preventing SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Mitigation efforts to reduce transmission in the community should also be considered. Many of these measures might also reduce asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmission (3). Implementation of these public health strategies will help protect workers from COVID-19 in this industry and assist in preserving the critical meat and poultry production infrastructure (4).


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/transmisión , Brotes de Enfermedades , Industria de Procesamiento de Alimentos , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Neumonía Viral/transmisión , Animales , COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & control , Humanos , Carne , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Pandemias/prevención & control , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , Aves de Corral , Estados Unidos/epidemiología
3.
Clin Infect Dis ; 48(8): 1065-71, 2009 Apr 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19281328

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Infection due to Salmonella species causes an estimated 1.4 million illnesses and 400 deaths annually in the United States. Orange juice is a known vehicle of salmonellosis, for which regulatory controls have recently been implemented. We investigated a nationwide outbreak of Salmonella infection to determine the magnitude of the outbreak and to identify risk factors for infection. METHODS: We identified cases through national laboratory-based surveillance. In a case-control study, we defined a case as infection with Salmonella serotype Typhimurium that demonstrated the outbreak pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern in a person with illness onset from 1 May through 31 July 2005; control subjects were identified through random digit dialing. RESULTS: We identified 152 cases in 23 states. Detailed information was available for 95 cases. The median age of patients was 23 years; 46 (48%) of the 95 patients were female. For 38 patients and 53 age-group matched control subjects in 5 states, illness was associated with consuming orange juice (90% vs. 43%; odds ratio, 22.2; 95% confidence interval, 3.5-927.5). In a conditional logistic regression model, illness was associated with consuming unpasteurized orange juice from company X (53% vs. 0%; odds ratio, 38.0; 95% confidence interval, 6.5-infinity). The US Food and Drug Administration found that company X was noncompliant with the juice Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point regulation and isolated Salmonella serotype Saintpaul from company X's orange juice. CONCLUSIONS: Unpasteurized orange juice from company X was the vehicle of a widespread outbreak of salmonellosis. Although the route of contamination is unknown, noncompliance with the juice Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point regulation likely contributed to this outbreak. Pasteurization or other reliable treatment of orange juice could prevent similar outbreaks.


Asunto(s)
Bebidas/microbiología , Citrus sinensis/microbiología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Intoxicación Alimentaria por Salmonella/epidemiología , Salmonella enterica/aislamiento & purificación , Salmonella typhimurium/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Microbiología de Alimentos , Humanos , Lactante , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Intoxicación Alimentaria por Salmonella/microbiología , Salmonella enterica/clasificación , Salmonella enterica/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/clasificación , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacos , Esterilización , Estados Unidos , Adulto Joven
4.
PLoS One ; 10(6): e0128712, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26043136

RESUMEN

The first known outbreak of eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in Vermont occurred on an emu farm in Rutland County in 2011. The first isolation of EEE virus (EEEV) in Vermont (VT11) was during this outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that VT11 was most closely related to FL01, a strain from Florida isolated in 2001, which is both geographically and temporally distinct from VT11. EEEV RNA was not detected in any of the 3,905 mosquito specimens tested, and the specific vectors associated with this outbreak are undetermined.


Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Virus de la Encefalitis Equina del Este/aislamiento & purificación , Encefalomielitis Equina Oriental/epidemiología , Encefalomielitis Equina Oriental/virología , Caballos/virología , Filogenia , Animales , Culicidae/virología , Virus de la Encefalitis Equina del Este/genética , Genoma Viral , Geografía , Funciones de Verosimilitud , Vermont/epidemiología
5.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 88(1): 103-7, 2013 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23208886

RESUMEN

Serum samples from 489 free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were screened for antibodies against the Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) using plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs). EEEV antibodies were detected in 10.2% of serum samples. This is the first evidence that EEEV is present in Vermont. Serum was collected from deer in all 14 counties in the state, and positive EEEV sera were found in 12 (85%) of 14 counties, suggesting statewide EEEV activity in Vermont. Analysis of the spatial distribution of PRNT-positive samples revealed a random distribution of EEEV throughout the state. The results indicate widespread EEEV activity in Vermont and suggest that EEEV is not a recent introduction to the state but that EEEV activity has not been detected until now.


Asunto(s)
Ciervos/virología , Virus de la Encefalitis Equina del Este/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Vermont
6.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 88(6): 1159-62, 2013 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23568288

RESUMEN

Powassan virus and its subtype, deer tick virus, are closely related tick-borne flaviviruses that circulate in North America. The incidence of human infection by these agents appears to have increased in recent years. To define exposure patterns among white-tailed deer, potentially useful sentinels that are frequently parasitized by ticks, we screened serum samples collected during 1979-2010 in Connecticut, Maine, and Vermont for neutralizing antibody by using a novel recombinant deer tick virus-West Nile virus chimeric virus. Evidence of exposure was detected in all three states. Overall our results demonstrate that seroprevalence is variable in time and space, suggesting that risk of exposure to Powassan virus is similarly variable.


Asunto(s)
Ciervos/virología , Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Flavivirus/veterinaria , Insectos Vectores/virología , Ixodes/virología , Animales , Connecticut/epidemiología , Infecciones por Flavivirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Flavivirus/transmisión , Maine/epidemiología , Pruebas de Neutralización , Prevalencia , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Vermont/epidemiología , Virus del Nilo Occidental/aislamiento & purificación
7.
J Wildl Dis ; 48(4): 1109-12, 2012 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23060520

RESUMEN

During fall 2010, 21 moose (Alces americanus) sera collected in northeastern Vermont were screened for eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) antibodies using plaque reduction neutralization tests. Six (29%) were antibody positive. This is the first evidence of EEEV activity in Vermont, and the second report of EEEV antibodies in moose.


Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Ciervos/virología , Virus de la Encefalitis Equina del Este/inmunología , Encefalomielitis Equina/veterinaria , Animales , Animales Salvajes/virología , Encefalomielitis Equina/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Vermont/epidemiología
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