Breakdown of Detailed Balance for Thermal Radiation by Synthetic Fields.

In recent times the possibility of nonreciprocity in heat transfer between two bodies has been extensively studied. In particular the role of strong magnetic fields has been investigated. A much simpler approach with considerable flexibility would be to consider heat transfer in synthetic electric and magnetic fields that are easily applied. We demonstrate the breakdown of detailed balance for the heat transfer function T(ω), i.e., the spectrum of heat transfer between two objects due to the presence of synthetic electric and magnetic fields. The spectral measurements carry much more physical information and are the reason for the quantum theory of radiation. We demonstrate explicitly the synthetic field induced nonreciprocity in the heat transfer transmission function between two graphene flakes and for the Casimir coupling between two objects. Unlike many other cases of heat transfer, the latter case has interesting features of the strong coupling. Further the presence of synthetic fields affects the mean occupation numbers of two membranes and we propose this system for the experimental verification of the breakdown of detailed balance.

Nonlocal Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer by Transdimensional Plasmonics.

Using transdimensional plasmonic materials (TDPM) within the framework of fluctuational electrodynamics, we demonstrate nonlocality in dielectric response alters near-field heat transfer at gap sizes on the order of hundreds of nanometers. Our theoretical study reveals that, opposite to the local model prediction, propagating waves can transport energy through the TDPM. However, energy transport by polaritons at shorter separations is reduced due to the metallic response of TDPM stronger than that predicted by the local model. Our experiments conducted for a configuration with a silica sphere and a doped silicon plate coated with an ultrathin layer of platinum as the TDPM show good agreement with the nonlocal near-field radiation theory. Our experimental work in conjunction with the nonlocal theory has important implications in thermophotovoltaic energy conversion, thermal management applications with metal coatings, and quantum-optical structures.

Highly nonparaxial spin Hall effect and its enhancement by plasmonic structures.

We present a new way to obtain large spin Hall effect of light (SHEL) in nonparaxial situations. We use near field of dipoles which contain all plane waves, both homogeneous and evanescent. We base SHEL on dipole-dipole interaction initiated energy transfer (FRET), which we further enhance using plasmonic platforms. The spin-orbit coupling inherent in Maxwell equations is seen in the conversion of a σ(+) photon to a σ(-) photon. The FRET is mediated by the resonant surface plasmons (SPs), and hence we find very large SHEL. We present explicit results for SHEL on metal films. We also study how the splitting of the SP on a metal film affects the SHEL.

Hyperbolic metamaterials as an analog of a blackbody in the near field.

We study the near-field heat exchange between hyperbolic materials and demonstrate that these media are able to support broadband frustrated modes which transport heat by photon tunneling with a high efficiency close to the theoretical limit. We predict that hyperbolic materials can be designed to be perfect thermal emitters at nanoscale and derive an upper limit for the heat flux due to hyperbolic modes.

Nanoscale heat flux between nanoporous materials.

By combining stochastic electrodynamics and the Maxwell-Garnett description for effective media we study the radiative heat transfer between two nanoporous materials. We show that the heat flux can be significantly enhanced by air inclusions, which we explain by: (a) the presence of additional surface waves that give rise to supplementary channels for heat transfer throughout the gap, (b) an increase in the contribution given by the ordinary surface waves at resonance, (c) and the appearance of frustrated modes over a broad spectral range. We generalize the known expression for the nanoscale heat flux for anisotropic metamaterials.

Mesoscopic description of radiative heat transfer at the nanoscale.

We present a formulation of the nanoscale radiative heat transfer using concepts of mesoscopic physics. We introduce the analog of the Sharvin conductance using the quantum of thermal conductance. The formalism provides a convenient framework to analyze the physics of radiative heat transfer at the nanoscale. Finally, we propose a radiative heat transfer experiment in the regime of quantized conductance.