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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with 20% of patients presenting with metastatic disease at diagnosis. TGF-ß signaling plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), regulation of the extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and immune responses. TGF-ß signals through SMAD proteins, which are intracellular molecules that transmit TGF-ß signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Alterations in the TGF-ß pathway and mutations in SMAD proteins are common in metastatic CRC (mCRC), making them critical factors in CRC tumorigenesis. This review first analyzes normal TGF-ß signaling and then investigates its role in CRC pathogenesis, highlighting the mechanisms through which TGF-ß influences metastasis development. TGF-ß promotes neoangiogenesis via VEGF overexpression, pericyte differentiation, and other mechanisms. Additionally, TGF-ß affects various elements of the tumor microenvironment, including T cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages, promoting immunosuppression and metastasis. Given its strategic role in multiple processes, we explored different strategies to target TGF-ß in mCRC patients, aiming to identify new therapeutic options.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales , Transducción de Señal , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta , Microambiente Tumoral , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Animales , Neovascularización Patológica/metabolismoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Modern research is increasingly focusing on the study of new viruses and the re-emergence of past microbes, such as Coronaviruses, particularly Sars-Cov2 that was responsible for the very recent pandemic. METHODS AND RESULTS: This infection manifested itself and still continues to manifest as a severe respiratory syndrome. The main discriminator of whether or not one succeeds in overcoming this infection may depend on a great many factors, but the main one is definitely determined by vaccination, which has minimized hospitalizations and more severe syndromes. CONCLUSION: Recently, a new virus, the monkeypox virus, which was previously confined to Central and West Africa but is now gradually spreading to more than 30 countries including the United States of America, where such an infection is not endemic, is coming forward again.
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COVID-19 , Mpox , Virus de la Viruela , Estados Unidos , Humanos , Mpox/epidemiología , ARN Viral , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Free radicals are produced during metabolic processes in the human body and can lead to oxidative stress, cellular aging, and the development of various diseases [...].
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Antioxidantes , Estrés Oxidativo , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Radicales Libres/metabolismoRESUMEN
Translational medicine is an interdisciplinary field that combines basic research findings with clinical practice to accelerate the development of new diagnostic tools, therapies, and preventive strategies for human diseases [...].
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Investigación Biomédica Traslacional , Ciencia Traslacional Biomédica , HumanosRESUMEN
Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly pathogenic and transmissible virus, has spurred an impressive accumulation of knowledge [...].
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COVID-19 , Vacunas , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , SARS-CoV-2 , Pandemias/prevención & controlRESUMEN
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic has caused almost 760 million confirmed cases and 7 million deaths worldwide, as of end-February 2023. Since the beginning of the first COVID-19 case, several virus variants have emerged: Alpha (B1.1.7), Beta (B135.1), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2) and then Omicron (B.1.1.529) and its sublineages. All variants have diversified in transmissibility, virulence, and pathogenicity. All the newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants appear to contain some similar mutations associated with greater "evasiveness" of the virus to immune defences. From early 2022 onward, several Omicron subvariants named BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5, with comparable mutation forms, have followed. After the wave of contagions caused by Omicron BA.5, a new Indian variant named Centaurus BA.2.75 and its new subvariant BA.2.75.2, a second-generation evolution of the Omicron variant BA.2, have recently been identified. From early evidence, it appears that this new variant has higher affinity for the cell entry receptor ACE-2, making it potentially able to spread very fast. According to the latest studies, the BA.2.75.2 variant may be able to evade more antibodies in the bloodstream generated by vaccination or previous infection, and it may be more resistant to antiviral and monoclonal antibody drug treatments. In this manuscript, the authors highlight and describe the latest evidences and critical issues have emerged on the new SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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COVID-19 , Vacunas , Humanos , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , SARS-CoV-2/genética , PandemiasRESUMEN
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has spread worldwide, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a pandemic, on 11 March 2020. Variants of concern have appeared at regular intervals-Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and now Omicron. Omicron variant, first identified in Botswana in November 2021, is rapidly becoming the dominant circulating variant. In this review, we provide an overview regarding the molecular profile of the Omicron variant, epidemiology, transmissibility, the impact on vaccines, as well as vaccine escape, and finally, we report the pharmacological agents able to block the endocellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 or to inhibit its viral replication. The Omicron has more than 50 mutations, of which the spike protein has 26-35 amino acids different from the original SARS-CoV-2 virus or the Delta, some of which are associated with humoral immune escape potential and greater transmissibility. Omicron has a significant growth advantage over Delta, leading to rapid spread with higher incidence levels. The disease so far has been mild compared to the Delta. The two vaccination doses offer little or no protection against Omicron infection while the booster doses provide significant protection against mild illness and likely offer even greater levels of protection against serious illness. Recently, new oral antiviral agents such as molnupiravir and paxlovid have been approved and represent important therapeutic alternatives to antiviral remdesivir. In addition, monoclonal antibodies such as casirivimab/imdevimab bind different epitopes of the spike protein receptor; is this class of drugs effective against the Omicron variant? However, more research is needed to define whether Omicron is indeed more infectious and whether the vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and antivirals currently available are effective.
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Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del CoronavirusRESUMEN
The prevalence of obesity has steadily increased worldwide over the past three decades. The conventional approaches to prevent or treat this syndrome and its associated complications include a balanced diet, an increase energy expenditure, and lifestyle modification. Multiple pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions have been developed with the aim of improving obesity complications. Recently, the use of functional foods and their bioactive components is considered a new approach in the prevention and management of this disease. Due to their biological properties, polyphenols may be considered as nutraceuticals and food supplement recommended for different syndromes. Polyphenols are a class of naturally-occurring phytochemicals, some of which have been shown to modulate physiological and molecular pathways involved in energy metabolism. Polyphenols could act in the stimulation of ß-oxidation, adipocyte differentiation inhibition, counteract oxidative stress, etc. In this narrative review, we considered the association between polyphenols (resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, and some polyphenolic extracts) and obesity, focusing on human trials. The health effects of polyphenols depend on the amount consumed and their bioavailability. Some results are contrasting, probably due to the various study designs and lengths, variation among subjects (age, gender, ethnicity), and chemical forms of the dietary polyphenols used. But, in conclusion, the data so far obtained encourage the setting of new trials, necessary to validate benefic role of polyphenols in obese individuals.
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Fármacos Antiobesidad/farmacología , Polifenoles/farmacología , Animales , Fármacos Antiobesidad/química , Fármacos Antiobesidad/farmacocinética , Disponibilidad Biológica , Alimentos , Humanos , Polifenoles/química , Polifenoles/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
Non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and it has a poor prognosis, because overall survival after 5 years is 20-25% for all stages. Thus, it is extremely important to increase the survival rate in the early stages NSCLC by focusing on novel screening tests of cancer identifying specific biomarkers expression associated with a more accurate tumor staging and patient prognosis. In this study, we focused our attention on quantitative proteomics of three heavily glycosylated serum proteins: AMBP, α2 macroglobulin, and SERPINA1. In particular, we analyzed serum samples from 20 NSCLC lung adenocarcinoma cancer patients in early and advanced stages, and 10 healthy donors to obtain a relative quantification through the MRM analysis of these proteins that have shown to be markers of cancer development and progression. AMBP, α2 macroglobulin, and SERPINA1 were chosen because all of them possess endopeptidase inhibitor activity and play key roles in cancer. We observe a variation in the expression of these proteins linked to the stage of the disease. Therefore, we believe that proteins like α2 macroglobulin, αmicroglobulin/bikunin, and SERPINA1 could be useful biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer and in monitoring its evolution.
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Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/sangre , alfa-Globulinas/análisis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/sangre , Neoplasias Pulmonares/sangre , alfa 1-Antitripsina/sangre , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas de Neoplasias/sangre , Inhibidores de Proteasas/metabolismo , Proteómica/métodosRESUMEN
The most prevalent malignancy in the oral cavity is represented by oral squamous cell carcinoma, an aggressive disease mostly detected in low-income communities. This neoplasia is mostly diffused in older men particularly exposed to risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, and a diet rich in fatty foods and poor in vegetables. In oral squamous cell carcinoma, a wide range of matrix-cleaving proteinases are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling of cancer microenvironment. In particular, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) represent the major and most investigated protagonists. Owing to their strong involvement in malignant pathologies, MMPs are considered the most promising new biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The interest in studying MMPs in oral cancer biology is also owing to their prominent role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is an intricate process involving different complex pathways. EMT-related proteins are attractive diagnostic biomarkers that characterize the activation of biological events that promote cancer's aggressive expansion. Different antioncogenic natural compounds have been investigated to counteract oral carcinogenesis, with the scope of obtaining better clinical results and lower morbidity. In particular, we describe the role of different nutraceuticals used for the regulation of MMP-related invasion and proliferation of oral cancer cells.
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The discovery of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), the key modulator of angiogenesis, has triggered intensive research on anti-angiogenic therapeutic modalities. Although several clinical studies have validated anti-VEGF therapeutics, with few of them approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), anti-angiogenic therapy is still in its infancy. Phytochemicals are compounds that have several metabolic and health benefits. Curcumin, the yellow pigment derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) rhizomes, has a wide range of pharmaceutical properties. It has also been shown to inhibit VEGF by several studies. In this review, we elaborate the effect of curcumin on VEGF and angiogenesis and its therapeutic application.
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Curcumina/farmacología , Neovascularización Patológica/tratamiento farmacológico , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/fisiología , Antiinflamatorios , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos , Antioxidantes , Disponibilidad Biológica , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Curcumina/farmacocinética , Humanos , Degeneración Macular/tratamiento farmacológico , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoterapia , Receptores de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/fisiología , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/sangreRESUMEN
Head and neck carcinoma (HNC) is a heterogeneous disease encompassing a variety of tumors according to the origin. Laryngeal cancer (LC) represents one of the most frequent tumors in the head and neck region. Despite clinical studies and advance in treatment, satisfactory curative strategy has not yet been reached. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the identification of specific molecular signatures that better predict the clinical outcomes and markers that serve as suitable therapeutic targets. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are reported as important regulators of gene expression and represent an innovative pharmacological application as molecular biomarkers in cancer. The purpose of this review is to discuss the most relevant epigenetic and histological prognostic biomarkers in HNC, with particular focus on LC. We summarize the emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs in HNC and LC development and their possible use in early diagnosis.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Neoplasias Laríngeas/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Biología Computacional/métodos , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/mortalidad , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Humanos , Neoplasias Laríngeas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Laríngeas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Laríngeas/patología , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular , Pronóstico , Interferencia de ARNRESUMEN
This study was conceived to evaluate the effects of three different diets on body composition, metabolic parameters, and serum oxidative status. We enrolled three groups of healthy men (omnivores, vegetarians, and vegans) with similar age, weight and BMI, and we observed a significant decrease in muscle mass index and lean body mass in vegan compared to vegetarian and omnivore groups, and higher serum homocysteine levels in vegetarians and vegans compared to omnivores. We studied whether serum from omnivore, vegetarian, and vegan subjects affected oxidative stress, growth and differentiation of both cardiomyoblast cell line H9c2 and H-H9c2 (H9c2 treated with H2 O2 to induce oxidative damage). We demonstrated that vegan sera treatment of both H9c2 and H-H9c2 cells induced an increase of TBARS values and cell death and a decrease of free NO2- compared to vegetarian and omnivorous sera. Afterwards, we investigated the protective effects of vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore sera on the morphological changes induced by H2 O2 in H9c2 cell line. We showed that the omnivorous sera had major antioxidant and differentiation properties compared to vegetarian and vegan sera. Finally, we evaluated the influence of the three different groups of sera on MAPKs pathway and our data suggested that ERK expression increased in H-H9c2 cells treated with vegetarian and vegan sera and could promote cell death. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that restrictive vegan diet could not prevent the onset of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases nor protect by oxidative damage.
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Diferenciación Celular , Dieta Vegana , Células Musculares/citología , Músculos/anatomía & histología , Adulto , Animales , Antropometría , Recuento de Células , Línea Celular , Forma de la Célula , Humanos , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Masculino , Células Musculares/enzimología , Miocitos Cardíacos/patología , Tamaño de los Órganos , Oxidación-Reducción , Estrés Oxidativo , Proyectos Piloto , Ratas , Vegetarianos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a cancer therapy that conjugates the administration of a chemotherapy agent to the delivery of permeabilizing pulses released singularly or as bursts. This approach results in higher number of anticancer molecules delivered to their biological targets, but is also associated to undesirable side effects such as pain and muscular contractions. A new electroporator delivering train of eight biphasic pulses at the voltage of 1,300 V/cm lasting 50 + 50 µsec each, with a frequency of 1 Hz, and with 10-µsec interpulse intervals (total treatment time: 870 µsec/cm(2) of treated area) was tested in vitro on the human lung cancer cell line A549 and in vivo, both in mice xenografts and privately owned rabbits with spontaneous tumors. The tumor cell line was treated with electroporation using the new parameters, that showed improved drug efficacy in causing cell death. Mice with chemoresistant xenografts were treated as well with either the new parameters and with a previous protocol, confirming the higher tolerability and efficacy of the novel parameters. Finally, a cohort of six pet rabbits with advanced skin neoplasms were enrolled in a compassionate trial using the new parameters in adjuvant fashion. In terms of efficacy, none of the rabbits experienced tumor recurrence, showing minimal discomfort during the ECT sessions. The data described, demonstrate that the new permeabilizing protocol adopting biphasic electric pulses displays a significant higher efficacy compared to previous ECT treatments and substantial reduction of the associated morbidity.
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Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Cisplatino/administración & dosificación , Electroquimioterapia/veterinaria , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/veterinaria , Animales , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Electroquimioterapia/efectos adversos , Electroquimioterapia/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/prevención & control , Conejos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Factores de Tiempo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health emergency. The World Health Organization recently highlighted the growing number of new sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea, syphilis, and Chlamydia, which are resistant to common antibiotics. The phenomenon is also on the rise due to increasing intercontinental travel. Emerging antibiotic-resistant strains of gonorrhea are particularly associated with international spread from Southeast Asian travelers. Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae can cause a wide spectrum of associated diseases such as dermatitis, arthritis and septic arthritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease, and can even lead to serious health consequences for the individual. Natural infection confers no immunity, and vaccination is not available currently, although in several countries, it has been reported that the antimeningococcal vaccine may protect against gonorrhea. Implementing all necessary preventive measures is crucial, as well as appropriate and timely diagnostic methods and effective antimicrobial therapeutic treatments in the correct modalities to avoid the increase of forms of gonorrhea that are resistant to common antibiotics and difficult to eradicate.
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Antibacterianos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Gonorrea , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Gonorrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Gonorrea/microbiología , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
The infection caused by Clostridioides difficile represents one of the bacterial infections with the greatest increase in incidence among nosocomial infections in recent years. C. difficile is a Gram-positive bacterium able to produce toxins and spores. In some cases, infection results in severe diarrhoea and fulminant colitis, which cause prolonged hospitalisation and can be fatal, with repercussions also in terms of health economics. C. difficile is the most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in the healthcare setting. The problem of bacterial forms that are increasingly resistant to common antibiotic treatments is also reflected in C. difficile infection (CDI). One of the causes of CDI is intestinal dysmicrobialism induced by prolonged antibiotic therapy. Moreover, in recent years, the emergence of increasingly virulent strains resistant to antibiotic treatment has made the picture even more complex. Evidence on preventive treatments to avoid recurrence is unclear. Current guidelines indicate the following antibiotics for the treatment of CDI: metronidazole, vancomycin, and fidaxomycin. This short narrative review provides an overview of CDI, antibiotic resistance, and emerging treatments.
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The phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health challenge, with prospects indicating its potential to become the leading cause of death worldwide in the coming years. Individuals with pre-existing conditions, such as neoplastic disease undergoing chemotherapy, those on immunosuppressive therapy, and individuals with rare diseases like cystic fibrosis (CF), face heightened challenges due to AMR. CF is a rare disease caused by a deficiency in the synthesis of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) channel protein, resulting in multi-organ clinical symptoms, particularly in the respiratory system. PwCF experience recurrent pulmonary exacerbations triggered by bacterial or viral infections, making them particularly vulnerable to the impact of AMR. This review delves into the complex relationship between AMR and climate dynamics, focusing on the unique challenges faced by individuals with CF. It discusses the methods employed to measure AMR, its global impact on antibiotic resistance, and the specific microbial communities present in the CF airway. The review also explores the intricacies of antimicrobial resistance within the context of cystic fibrosis, emphasizing the urgent need for research in this field.
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A larger diffusion of peritoneal dialysis (PD) is limited by the progressive deterioration of the dialysis membrane structure and function, characterized in vitro and in vivo by mesothelial cell loss and closely related to the use of bioincompatible dialysis solutions. The apoptosis rate of rat and human mesothelial cells incubated in commercial PD fluid (PDF, 4.25 g/dL dextrose) became significant as early as 1 h after PDF addition and reached a plateau at 4-5 h. This pattern was unchanged after exposure to 1.5 g/dL dextrose PDF or freshly prepared PDF, indicating that effects were independent on the dextrose strength and manufacturing procedures but strictly dependent on PDF composition. Molecular studies revealed that PDF exposure inactivated the physiological volume recovery from hypertonic shrinkage, accompanied by an abnormal Ca(2+) signaling: a progressive intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) rise resulting from an increased Ca(2+) entry. PDF also affected cytoskeleton integrity: early dissolution of actin filaments occurred well before the appearance of typical apoptosis features. Lastly, the PDF dependent apoptosis was almost completely prevented by the contemporary Ca(2+) concentration decrease and K(+) addition. This study suggests that the PDF dependent apoptosis arises from the extreme volume perturbations in mesothelial cells, turned out unable to regulate their volume back once exposed to a hyperosmolal medium containing high Ca(2+) levels in the absence of K(+), such PDF.
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Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Señalización del Calcio/efectos de los fármacos , Tamaño de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Soluciones para Diálisis/farmacología , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Diálisis Peritoneal/efectos adversos , Animales , Calcio/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Citoesqueleto/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/patología , Humanos , Yeyuno/citología , Epiplón/citología , RatasRESUMEN
AIM: The aim of our study was to investigate the association of docetaxel and metronomic cyclophosphamide (CYC) in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). MATERIALS & METHODS: CRPC xenografts were established with PC3 cells. Mice were treated with a combination of CYC (50 mg/kg/day) and docetaxel (10-30 mg/kg/week) or with docetaxel alone. Docetaxel plasma levels were analyzed in patients receiving the drug alone or combined with CYC. RESULTS: Metronomic CYC is an effective adjuvant in blocking tumor growth in vivo, with comparable efficacy and less toxic effects compared with docetaxel treatment. CYC acts by downregulating cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis thorough upregulation of p21 and inhibition of angiogenesis. Finally, CYC increases docetaxel plasma levels in patients. CONCLUSION: Metronomic CYC exerts anti-tumoral effects in an in vivo model of prostate cancer and in patients with CRPC, and also increases the bioavailability of docetaxel. These results explain the favorable toxicity and activity profiles observed in patients treated with this regimen.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Animales , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Docetaxel , Citometría de Flujo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/patología , ARN Mensajero/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Taxoides/administración & dosificación , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Oral disorders including non-homogeneous leukoplakia, erythroplakia, erosive lichen planus, and many others can potentially progress to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Currently, the late diagnosis of OSCC contributes to high mortality rates, emphasizing the need for specific markers and early intervention. In this study, we present a novel, quick, sensitive, and non-invasive method for the early detection and screening of oral cancer, enabling the qualitative assessment of neoplastic forms even before the onset of symptoms. Our method directly examines the expression of oral cancer biomarkers, such as the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), and steroid receptors, including the androgen receptor (AR) and the estrogen receptor (ER). The crosstalk between sexual hormones and the EGF receptor plays a crucial role in the progression of different types of cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. To implement our method, we developed a kit box comprising nine wells or stations, each containing buffers, lysis systems, and dried/lyophilized antibodies stored at room temperature. The kit includes instruments for sample collection and a PVDF strip (Immobilon) with specific primary antibodies immobilized on it. These antibodies capture the target proteins from cytological samples. Additionally, complementary tools are provided to ensure efficient utilization and optimal test performance. The technique can be performed outside the laboratory, either "patient side" with an instant chemocolorimetric response or with a digital reader utilizing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.