Availability of state-based obesity surveillance data on high school students with disabilities in the United States.

The aim of this study was to assess the availability of public health surveillance data on obesity among American children with disabilities in state-based surveillance programs. We reviewed annual cross-sectional datasets in state-level surveillance programs for high school students, implemented 2001-2011, for the inclusion of weight and height and disability screening questions. When datasets included a disability screen, its content and consistency of use across years were examined. We identified 54 surveillance programs with 261 annual datasets containing obesity data. Twelve surveillance programs in 11 states included a disability screening question that could be used to extract obesity data for high school students with disabilities, leaving the other 39 states with no state-level obesity data for students with disabilities. A total of 43 annual datasets, 16.5 % of the available datasets, could be used to estimate the obesity status of students with disabilities. The frequency of use of disability questions varied across states, and the content of the questions often changed across years and within a state. We concluded that state surveillance programs rarely contained questions that could be used to identify high school students with disabilities. This limits the availability of data that can be used to monitor obesity and related health statuses among this population in the majority of states.

Colorado Residency PCMH Project: Results From a 6-Year Transformation Effort.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to describe the results of a 6-year patient-centered medical home (PCMH) transformation program in 11 Colorado primary care residency practices. METHODS: We used a parallel qualitative and quantitative evaluation including cross-sectional surveys of practice staff and clinicians, group and individual interviews, meeting notes, and longitudinal practice facilitator field notes. Survey analyses assessed change over time, adjusting for practice-level random effects. Qualitative data analysis used iterative template coding and matrix analyses to synthesize data over time and across cases. RESULTS: There were significant improvements in clinicians' self-reported routine delivery of patient-centered care, team-based care, self-management support, and use of information systems (P<.0001). Clinicians and staff reported significant gains in practice change culture (P=.001). Self-reported practice-level assessments pointed to additional significant improvements in quality improvement (QI) processes, continuity of care, self-management support/care coordination, and the use of data and population management (P≤.0215). Practices and their practice facilitators reported important changes in how practices operated, significantly improving their QI processes, shared leadership, change culture, and achieving Level III PCMH NCQA Recognition. Important barriers to further progress remain, including inadequate payment models, inflexible staff roles, and difficult access to clinical data. CONCLUSIONS: The success of these 11 primary care residency practices in making significant improvements in their delivery of patient-centered care, team-based care, self-management support, and use of information systems took time, effort, and external support. Further practice redesign for advanced primary care models will take sustained sources of well-aligned support, flexibility, shared leadership, and partnerships across residency programs for collaborative learning to assist in their transformation efforts.

Effects of Hospital Systems on Medical Home Transformation in Primary Care Residency Training Practices.

Most primary care residency training practices have close financial and administrative relationships with teaching hospitals and health systems. Many residency practices have begun integrating the core principles of the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) into clinical workflows and educational experiences. Little is known about how the relationships with hospitals and health systems affect these transformation efforts. Data from the Colorado Residency PCMH Project were analyzed. Results show that teaching hospitals and health systems have significant opportunities to influence residency practices' transformation, particularly in the areas of supporting team-based care, value-based payment reforms, and health information technology.

Practice Facilitation for PCMH Implementation in Residency Practices.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Primary care residency programs continue to adapt and change to become high-performing training sites for advanced primary care. Practice facilitation is a key method to assist practices in implementing organizational changes. This evaluation described the unique nature and essential roles and qualities of practice facilitation for residency program patient-centered medical home (PCMH) transformation. METHODS: Evaluation of the Colorado Residency PCMH Project from 2009 through 2014 included template and immersion-crystallization approaches to qualitative analysis of field notes, key informant interviews, and meeting documentation to identify themes related to external facilitation for practice transformation in 11 Colorado primary care residency practices. RESULTS: Important practice facilitator roles in residency practice transformation included supporter of quality improvement and NCQA implementation, connector of practices, and leadership and engagement coach. Key qualities included the relationship development between practice members and facilitators over time, flexibility, consistent presence and communication, and an external nature that provided a valuable outside perspective. CONCLUSIONS: Residency programs provide a unique environment that is particularly well-suited for transformation, though it also presents challenges. External practice facilitators that demonstrate key roles and qualities can support residency practices through this complex transformation process.