An updated model of shoot apical meristem regulation by ERECTA family and CLAVATA3 signaling pathways in Arabidopsis.

The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to the aboveground organs of plants. The size of the SAM is relatively constant due to the balance between stem cell replenishment and cell recruitment into new organs. In angiosperms, the transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS) promotes stem cell proliferation in the central zone of the SAM. WUS forms a negative feedback loop with a signaling pathway activated by CLAVATA3 (CLV3). In the periphery of the SAM, the ERECTA family receptors (ERfs) constrain WUS and CLV3 expression. Here, we show that four ligands of ERfs redundantly inhibit the expression of these two genes. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that WUS and CLV3 are the main targets of ERf signaling and uncovered new ones. Analysis of promoter reporters indicated that the WUS expression domain mostly overlaps with the CLV3 domain and does not shift along the apical-basal axis in clv3 mutants. Our three-dimensional mathematical model captured gene expression distributions at the single-cell level under various perturbed conditions. Based on our findings, CLV3 regulates cellular levels of WUS mostly through autocrine signaling, and ERfs regulate the spatial expression of WUS, preventing its encroachment into the peripheral zone.

A phosphorylation-deficient ribosomal protein eS6 is largely functional in Arabidopsis thaliana, rescuing mutant defects from global translation and gene expression to photosynthesis and growth.

The eukaryote-specific ribosomal protein of the small subunit eS6 is phosphorylated through the target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase pathway. Although this phosphorylation event responds dynamically to environmental conditions and has been studied for over 50 years, its biochemical and physiological significance remains controversial and poorly understood. Here, we report data from Arabidopsis thaliana, which indicate that plants expressing only a phospho-deficient isoform of eS6 grow essentially normally under laboratory conditions. The eS6z (RPS6A) paralog of eS6 functionally rescued a double mutant in both rps6a and rps6b genes when expressed at approximately twice the wild-type dosage. A mutant isoform of eS6z lacking the major six phosphorylatable serine and threonine residues in its carboxyl-terminal tail also rescued the lethality, rosette growth, and polyribosome loading of the double mutant. This isoform also complemented many mutant phenotypes of rps6 that were newly characterized here, including photosynthetic efficiency, and most of the gene expression defects that were measured by transcriptomics and proteomics. However, compared with plants rescued with a phospho-enabled version of eS6z, the phospho-deficient seedlings retained a mild pointed-leaf phenotype, root growth was reduced, and certain cell cycle-related mRNAs and ribosome biogenesis proteins were misexpressed. The residual defects of the phospho-deficient seedlings could be understood as an incomplete rescue of the rps6 mutant defects. There was little or no evidence for gain-of-function defects. As previously published, the phospho-deficient eS6z also rescued the rps6a and rps6b single mutants; however, phosphorylation of the eS6y (RPS6B) paralog remained lower than predicted, further underscoring that plants can tolerate phospho-deficiency of eS6 well. Our data also yield new insights into how plants cope with mutations in essential, duplicated ribosomal protein isoforms.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae at the rise not only in China: rapid increase of Mycoplasma pneumoniae cases also in Spain.

After the use of facemasks, other isolation measures enacted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were lifted, respiratory pathogens, such as RSV, reappeared, but until the November 2023 WHO alert for China, M. pneumoniae had virtually disappeared. After observing a similar reappearance in our hospital, a retrospective analysis of the number of positive M. pneumoniae tests. Between 2018 and December 2023, 1619 PCR tests were ordered and 43 (2.6%) of them were positive. Two outbreaks, one in 2018 and one in 2023, accounted for the majority of cases. Tests were usually ordered in an outpatient setting (53.54%, n = 23) and most of them were paediatric patients with a mean age (sd) of 10.2 (6.2) years. As for the severity of the cases, in the 2018 outbreak, of 15 children who tested positive, 53.3% (n = 8) were admitted to the ward and 6.7% (n = 1) at the intensive care unit. Whereas in 2023, 2 patients were tested in the ward (10.5%) and one in the intensive care unit (5.2%) from a total of 19 patients. The positive rate in 2023 was significantly higher in comparison with years 2020, 2021 and 2022 and significantly lower in comparison with 2018 (P-value=0.003). The outbreak in late 2023 can be explained by the seasonality of Mycoplasma pneumonia alone, which has shown outbreaks every 3-5 years, and it does not appear to be more severe than the previous one.

Género y emergencias sociales. Vinculando las masculinidades a las políticas públicas desde la bioética social / Gender and Social Emergencies. Linking Masculinities to Public Policies from Social Bioethics / Gênero e emergências sociais. Vinculando as masculinidades às políticas públicas a partir da bioética social

Resumen El presente artículo es el resultado de un ejercicio de reflexión desde la bioética social de los conflictos de género y la necesidad de vincular las masculinidades tanto en el campo de estudios de género como en los movimientos sociales y las políticas públicas. Se presenta una genealogía de algunas fuerzas sociales que han dinamizado los estudios de género a partir de comprender la violencia basada en el género, la salud pública, la alimentación y la degradación ambiental, en clave diferencial y de bioproblemas. Desde esta perspectiva se plantean algunos retos que enfrenta la sociedad al vincular estas comprensiones y estrategias de cambio, si de construir un horizonte de accionar político se trata. Desde las políticas públicas, la sociedad y la academia, es necesario continuar un trabajo frente a los factores estructurales que hacen que permanezcan las violencias contra las mujeres, la legitimación de violencia entre hombres y la vinculación a grupos armados, así como la promoción del ejercicio de las paternidades y las éticas del cuidado y la incidencia de estas en la política y la economía, como puntos del debate necesario para la construcción de sociedades más igualitarias.

Abstract The present article is the result of reflecting, from social bioethics, on gender conflicts and the need to link masculinities both to gender studies and to social movements and public policies. A genealogy of certain social forces that have invigorated gender studies from the understanding of gender-based violence, public health, food and environmental degradation is presented in terms of differences and bio-problems. From this perspective, there are some challenges that society faces in connecting these understandings and change strategies, when it comes to building a horizon of political action. From public policies, society and academia, it is necessary to continue working on the structural factors that perpetuate violence against women, the legitimization of violence among men and their enrollment in armed groups, as well as the promotion of the exercise of paternity and the ethics of care and their impact on politics and the economy. These topics need to be debated in order to build more egalitarian societies.

Resumo Este artigo é o resultado de um exercício de reflexão a partir da bioética social dos conflitos de gênero e da necessidade de vincular as masculinidades tanto no campo de estudos de gênero quanto nos movimentos sociais e nas políticas públicas. Apresenta-se a genealogia de algumas forças sociais que vêm dinamizando os estudos de gênero a partir de compreender a violência baseada no gênero, na saúde pública, na alimentação e na degradação ambiental, em termos diferenciais e bioproblemáticos. Sob essa perspectiva, expõem-se alguns desafios que a socie dade enfrenta ao vincular essas compreensões e estratégias de mudança, quando de construir um horizonte de atuação política se trata. Das políticas públicas, da sociedade e da academia, é necessário continuar o trabalho diante dos fatores estruturais que fazem com que permaneçam as violências contra as mulheres, a legitimação de violência entre homens e a vinculação a grupos armados, bem como a promoção do exercício das paternidades e das éticas do cuidado e a incidência destas na política e na economia, como pontos do debate urgente para a construção de sociedades mais igualitárias.

Mixoma de átrio esquerdo associado a derrame pleural / Left atrial myxoma associated with pleural effusion

Homem de 65 anos apresentando emagrecimento, dispnÚia e derrame pleural (DP) recorrente. A avaliaçäo cardiológica evidenciou ruflar diastólico (3/6) no foco mitral e hiperfonese da 1ª bulha. O ecocardiograma e o estudo hemodinâmico mostraram uma grande massa tumoral no átrio esquerdo (AE), sugerindo mixoma e hipertensäo pulmonar. A biópsia pleural revelou pleurite crônica inespecífica. O paciente foi submetido à operaçäo com circulaçäo extracorpórea para exérese do tumor de AE e o estudo histopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de mixoma. O DP tem sido manifestaçäo muito rara do mixoma cardíaco (MC), que às vezes apresenta somente sinais e sintomas inespecíficos de doença inflamatória crônica

Cirurgia conservadora de próteses aórtica e mitral na endocardite infecciosa / Conservative surgery for aortic and mitral prosthesis in infective endocarditis

A endocardite infecciosa (EI) acometendo próteses valvares é uma complicaçäo freqüente, sendo tratada geralmente com cirurgia, devido ao seu difícil controle clínico e má resposta à antibioticoterapia. Este relato descreve o caso de uma paciente com EI, acometendo simultaneamente as biopróteses aórtica (Ao) e mitral (Mi) após vinte e quatro meses de cirurgia de implantes valvares, submetida a tratamento cirúrgico conservador, e com resultado favorável. Discutem-se as vantagens deste procedimento em situaçöes específicas

Ténica de la valva sub aponeurótica de cigorraga para el tratamiento de la insuficiencia venosa profunda de los miembros inferiores / Sub aponeurotic valva technique of cigorraga for the treatment of deep venous failure of lower extremities

Se describe con detalles la técnica desarrollada por Cigorraga J. en 1958 para el tratamiento de la insuficiencia venosa profunda de los miembros inferiores con asiento en la cara interna de la pierna. Se plantean las ventajas y desventajas de la técnica así como sus indicaciones. Presentamos la experiencia preliminar de nuestro servicio con esta técnica en 40 casos