Understanding the relationship between sequences and kinetics of DNA strand displacements.

Precisely modulating the kinetics of toehold-mediated DNA strand displacements (TMSD) is essential for its application in DNA nanotechnology. The sequence in the toehold region significantly influences the kinetics of TMSD. However, due to the large sample space resulting from various arrangements of base sequences and the resulted complex secondary structures, such a correlation is not intuitive. Herein, machine learning was employed to reveal the relationship between the kinetics of TMSD and the toehold sequence as well as the correlated secondary structure of invader strands. Key factors that influence the rate constant of TMSD were identified, such as the number of free hydrogen bonding sites in the invader, the number of free bases in the toehold, and the number of hydrogen bonds in intermediates. Moreover, a predictive model was constructed, which successfully achieved semi-quantitative prediction of rate constants of TMSD even with subtle distinctions in toehold sequence.

Self-assembled soft alloy with Frank-Kasper phases beyond metals.

Soft building blocks, such as micelles, cells or soap bubbles, tend to adopt near-spherical geometry when densely packed together. As a result, their packing structures do not extend beyond those discovered in metallic glasses, quasicrystals and crystals. Here we report the emergence of two Frank-Kasper phases from the self-assembly of five-fold symmetric molecular pentagons. The µ phase, an important intermediate in superalloys, is indexed in soft matter, whereas the ϕ phase exhibits a structure distinct from known Frank-Kasper phases in metallic systems. We find a broad size and shape distribution of self-assembled mesoatoms formed by molecular pentagons while approaching equilibrium that contribute to the unique packing structures. This work provides insight into the manipulation of soft building blocks that deviate from the typical spherical geometry and opens avenues for the fabrication of 'soft alloy' structures that were previously unattainable in metal alloys.

Molecular Face-Rotating Polyhedra: Chiral Cages Inspired by Mathematics.

ConspectusMolecular polyhedral cages, notable for their enclosed inner cavities, can possess varying degrees of symmetry, spanning from regular Platonic polyhedra to lower symmetry forms that may display chirality. Crafting chiral molecular cages typically involves using building blocks containing stereogenic elements or arranging achiral components in a manner that lacks mirror and inversion symmetries. Achieving precise control over their chirality poses both significance and challenges.In this Account, we present an overview of our research endeavors in the realm of chiral molecular polyhedral cages, drawing inspiration from Buckminster Fuller's "Face-Rotating Polyhedra (FRP)". Mathematically, FRP introduce a unique form of chirality distinguished by a rotating pattern around the center of each face, setting it apart from regular polyhedra.Molecular FRP can be constructed using two types of facial building blocks. The first includes rigid, planar molecules such as truxene and triazatruxene, which exhibit either clockwise or counterclockwise rotations in two dimensions. The second category involves propeller-like molecules, e.g., tetraphenylethylene, 1,2,3,4,5-penta(4-phenylaldehyde)pyrrole, and tridurylborane, displaying dynamic stereochemistry.The synthesis of FRP may potentially yield a diverse array of stereoisomers. Achieving high stereoselectivity becomes feasible through the selection of building blocks with specific substitution patterns and rigidity. Prominent noncovalent repulsive forces within the resulting cages often play a pivotal role in the dynamic covalent assembly process, ultimately leading to the formation of thermodynamically stable FRP products.The capacity to generate a multitude of stereoisomers, combined with the integration of chiral vertices, has facilitated investigations into phenomena such as chiral self-sorting and the "sergeant and soldiers" chiral amplification effect in FRP. Even the inclusion of one chiral vertex significantly impacts the stereochemical configuration of the entire cage. While many facial building blocks establish a stable rotational pattern in FRP, other units, such as tridurylborane, can dynamically transition between P and M configurations within the cage structures. The kinetic characteristics of such stereolabile FRP can be elucidated through physicochemical investigations.Our research extends beyond the FRP concept to encompass mathematical analysis of these structures. Graph theory, particularly the coloring problem, sheds light on the intricate facial patterns exhibited by various FRP stereoisomers and serves as an efficient tool to facilitate the discovery of novel FRP structures. This approach offers a fresh paradigm for designing and analyzing chiral molecular polyhedral cages, showcasing in our work the synergy between mathematics and molecular design.

What can molecular assembly learn from catalysed assembly in living organisms?

Molecular assembly is the process of organizing individual molecules into larger structures and complex systems. The self-assembly approach is predominantly utilized in creating artificial molecular assemblies, and was believed to be the primary mode of molecular assembly in living organisms as well. However, it has been shown that the assembly of many biological complexes is "catalysed" by other molecules, rather than relying solely on self-assembly. In this review, we summarize these catalysed-assembly (catassembly) phenomena in living organisms and systematically analyse their mechanisms. We then expand on these phenomena and discuss related concepts, including catalysed-disassembly and catalysed-reassembly. Catassembly proves to be an efficient and highly selective strategy for synergistically controlling and manipulating various noncovalent interactions, especially in hierarchical molecular assemblies. Overreliance on self-assembly may, to some extent, hinder the advancement of artificial molecular assembly with powerful features. Furthermore, inspired by the biological catassembly phenomena, we propose guidelines for designing artificial catassembly systems and developing characterization and theoretical methods, and review pioneering works along this new direction. Overall, this approach may broaden and deepen our understanding of molecular assembly, enabling the construction and control of intelligent assembly systems with advanced functionality.

Isoreticular Covalent Organic Pillars: Engineered Nanotubular Hosts for Tailored Molecular Recognition.

In the realm of nanoscale materials design, achieving precise control over the dimensions of nanotubular architectures poses a substantial challenge. In our ongoing pursuit, we have successfully engineered a novel class of single-molecule nanotubes─isoreticular covalent organic pillars (iCOPs)─by stacking formylated macrocycles through multiple dynamic covalent imine bonds, guided by principles of reticular chemistry. Our strategic selection of rigid diamine linkers has facilitated the synthesis of a diverse array of iCOPs, each retaining a homologous structure yet offering distinct cavity shapes influenced by the linker choice. Notably, three of these iCOP variants feature continuous one-dimensional channels, exhibiting length-dependent host-guest interactions with α,ω-dibromoalkanes, and each presenting a distinct critical guest alkyl chain length threshold for efficient guest encapsulation. This newfound capability not only provides a platform for tailoring nanotubular structures with precision, but also opens new avenues for innovative applications in molecular recognition and the purification of complex mixtures.

Cinquefoil Knot Possessing Dynamic and Tunable Metal Coordination.

While the majority of knots are made from the metal-template approach, the use of entangled, constrained knotted loops to modulate the coordination of the metal ions remains inadequately elucidated. Here, we report on the coordination chemistry of a 140-atom-long cinquefoil knotted strand comprising five tridentate and five bidentate chelating vacancies. The knotted loop is prepared through the self-assembly of asymmetric "3 + 2" dentate ligands with copper(II) ions that favor five-coordination geometry. The formation of the copper(II) pentameric helicate is confirmed by X-ray crystallography, while the corresponding copper(II) knot is characterized by XPS and LR-/HR ESI-MS. Upon removal of the original template, the knotted ligand facilitates zinc(II) ions, which typically form four- or six-coordination geometries, resulting in the formation of an otherwise inaccessible zinc(II) metallic knot with coordinatively unsaturated metal centers. The coordination numbers and geometries of the zinc(II) cations are undoubtedly determined by X-ray crystallography. Despite the kinetically labile nature and high reversibility of the zinc(II) complex preventing the detection of 5-to-6 coordination equilibrium in solution, the effects on metal-ion coordination induced by knotting hold promise for fine-tuning the coordination of metal complexes.

Potential-Regulated Design for Direct Recycling of Degraded LiFePO4 Cathode.

The rapid proliferation of power sources equipped with lithium-ion batteries poses significant challenges in terms of post-scrap recycling and environmental impacts, necessitating urgent attention to the development of sustainable solutions. The cathode direct regeneration technologies present an optimal solution for the disposal of degraded cathodes, aiming to non-destructively re-lithiate and straightforwardly reuse degraded cathode materials with reasonable profits and excellent efficiency. Herein, a potential-regulated strategy is proposed for the direct recycling of degraded LiFePO4 cathodes, utilizing low-cost Na2SO3 as a reductant with lower redox potential in the alkaline systems. The aqueous re-lithiation approach, as a viable alternative, not only enables the re-lithiation of degraded cathode while ignoring variation in Li loss among different feedstocks but also utilizes the rapid sintering process to restore the cathode microstructure with desirable stoichiometry and crystallinity. The regenerated LiFePO4 exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance with a capacity of 144 mA h g-1 at 1 C and a high retention of 98% after 500 cycles at 5 C. Furthermore, this present work offers considerable prospects for the industrial implementation of directly recycled materials from lithium-ion batteries, resulting in improved economic benefits compared to conventional leaching methods.

Enhancing Iodine Capture of Porous Organic Cages through N-Heteroatom Engineering.

Iodine radioisotopes, produced or released during nuclear-related activities, severely affect human health and the environment. The efficient removal of radioiodine from both aqueous and vapor phases is crucial for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. In this study, we propose an "N-heteroatom engineering" strategy to design three porous organic cages with N-containing functional groups for efficient iodine capture. Among the molecular cages investigated, FT-Cage incorporating tertiary amine groups and RT-Cage with secondary amine groups show higher adsorption capacity and much faster iodine release compared to IT-Cage with imine groups. Detailed investigations demonstrate the superiority of amine groups, along with the influence of crystal structures and porosity, for iodine capture. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of porous organic cages with enhanced capabilities for capturing iodine.

Effectiveness of tofacitinib monotherapy for patients with IgG4-RD or idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the effectiveness of tofacitinib for immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF), and investigate the expression of JAKs in the lesion of these diseases. METHODS: Clinical data of patients with IgG4-RD or IRF who were administered with tofacitinib monotherapy were collected. IgG4-RD responder index (IgG4-RD RI) was assessed. The expression of JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2 were analysed with immunohistochemistry staining in three salivary glands specimens of IgG4-RD and one retroperitoneal tissue of IRF. RESULTS: Two patients with IRF and two patients with IgG4-RD used tofacitinib monotherapy. Two patients with IRF achieved complete remission with diminished retroperitoneal mass and decreased CRP, as IgG4-RD RI decreased from 6 to 1 in both of them. One with IgG4-RD achieved complete remission with alleviated enlargement of pancreas and IgG4 level decreased from 13.7 g/L to 2.4 g/L, as IgG4-RD RI decreased from 12 to 1. One with IgG4-RD achieved partial response with IgG4 level decreased from 77.1g/L to 25.8g/L as IgG4-RD RI from 18 to 6. JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2 expression were detected in biopsy tissues. The staining intensity of the JAK family on the lesion from one IRF patient was similar to those from IgG4-RD patients. CONCLUSIONS: Tofacitinib is a potentially effective treatment for IgG4-RD and IRF and it is reasonable to conduct clinical trial to validate its efficacy. The JAKs were expressed in the inflammatory lesions of IgG4-RD and IRF and they may share a common pathogenesis pathway that is independent of IgG4 production.

Salt Resistant PPy/MXene Flexible Waffle Type Fabric for Efficient Solar Evaporation and Water Purification Production.

In recent years, with the development of solar seawater desalination technology, many solar evaporators are affected by precipitated salts during the evaporation process, which can reduce efficiency. In this work, flexible fabrics made of polypyrrole (PPy)/MXene are obtained by impregnating the prepared PPy ink onto waffle like fabrics. The combination of PPy and fabric greatly improves the water absorption and evaporation performance of the fabric. The average evaporation rate of this structure is 1.43 kg m-2 h-1, and the average evaporation efficiency under a single light source is 85.13%. After a 15-h testing cycle and a total of 8 cycles, lasting nearly 120 h, the performance of the device remained stable. The structural characteristics of waffle fabric, based on the Marangoni thermal effect, make it possible to suppress salt precipitation during evaporation, avoiding large salt particles covering the evaporation surface and reducing efficiency. This experiment successfully demonstrated long-term stable water evaporation, providing new ideas for the development of fabric evaporators.

Molecular diffusion in aqueous methanol solutions: The combined influence of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic ends.

Although the nonmonotonic variation in the diffusion coefficients of alcohol and water with changing alcohol concentrations in aqueous solutions has been reported for many years, the underlying physical mechanisms remain unclear. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the molecular diffusion mechanisms in aqueous methanol solutions. Our findings reveal that the molecular diffusion is co-influenced by hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic ends of methanol molecules. A stronger hydrogen bond (HB) network and a higher concentration of hydrophobic ends of methanol molecules both enhance molecular correlations, thereby slowing molecular diffusion in the solution. As methanol concentration increases, the HB network weakens, facilitating molecular diffusion. However, the increased concentration of hydrophobic ends counteracts this effect. Consequently, the diffusion coefficients of water and methanol molecules exhibit nonmonotonic changes. Previous studies have only focused on the role of HB networks. For the first time, we have identified the impact of the hydrophobic ends of alcohol on molecular diffusion in aqueous alcohol solutions. Our research contributes to a better understanding and manipulation of the properties of aqueous alcohol solutions and even liquids with complex compositions.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of ADK Gene Family Members in Cotton under Abiotic Stress.

Adenosine kinase (ADK) is a key enzyme widely distributed in plants, playing an important role in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and regulating plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses. However, research on ADK genes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), an economically significant crop, has been limited. This study identified 92 ADK genes from four cotton species (G. arboreum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense) using HMMER and Local BLASTP methods and classified them into six groups. Chromosomal localization revealed a random distribution of ADK genes in G. hirsutum, with 13 genes located on the At subgenome and 14 genes on the Dt subgenome. Gene structure analysis showed consistency in exon-intron organization within subgroups, while conserved motif analysis identified subgroup-specific motifs, indicating functional diversity. Synteny and collinearity mapping analysis revealed that the primary expansion mechanisms of the ADK gene family in cotton are polyploidy and segmental duplication. Cis-regulatory elements in GhADK promoters were classified into light response, hormone response, developmental regulation, and stress response. We also analyzed the expression patterns of GhADK genes under a low temperature (4 °C) and drought conditions. Most GhADK genes responded to cold stress with different expression patterns, indicating their roles in rapid response and long-term cold adaptation. Under drought stress, expression patterns varied, with some genes showing sustained high expression levels. The qRT-PCR validation of transcriptomic data confirmed the stress-induced expression patterns of selected GhADK genes. Functional analysis through the VIGS silencing of GhADK25 demonstrated its importance in cold and drought stress responses, with silencing resulting in poor growth under stress, highlighting its significance in stress tolerance. This study provides a basis for further understanding the evolutionary relationships and functions of the cotton ADK gene family.

Metabolomic Analysis of Carotenoids Biosynthesis by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05.

Carotenoids belonging to the class of tetraterpenoids have extensive applications in medicine, food, nutrition, cosmetics, and feed. Among them, lutein and zeaxanthin can prevent macular degeneration in the elderly, which is very important for protecting vision. Here, we introduce the first metabolomic analysis of Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05, aiming to shed light on the biosynthesis of carotenoids. Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 has the complete methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway and carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, especially involved in the bioconversion of zeaxanthin, violaxanthin, and astaxanthin. Metabolomic profiling identified seven carotenes and six xanthophylls synthesized by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05. Zeaxanthin, in particular, was found to be the most abundant, with a content of 37.1 µg/g dry cells. Collectively, the results presented herein greatly enhance our understanding of Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 in carotenoids biosynthesis, and thus further accelerate its fundamental molecular investigations and biotechnological applications.

Enantioselective Self-Assembly of a Homochiral Tetrahedral Cage Comprising Only Achiral Precursors.

How Nature synthesizes enantiomerically pure substances from achiral or racemic resources remains a mystery. In this study, we aimed to emulate this natural phenomenon by constructing chiral tetrahedral cages through self-assembly, achieved by condensing two achiral compounds-a trisamine and a trisaldehyde. The occurrence of intercomponent CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions among the phenyl building blocks within the cage frameworks results in twisted conformations, imparting planar chirality to the tetrahedrons. In instances where the trisaldehyde precursor features electron-withdrawing ester side chains, we observed that the intermolecular CH⋅⋅⋅π forces are strong enough to prevent racemization. To attain enantioselective self-assembly, a chiral amine was introduced during the imine formation process. The addition of three equivalents of chiral amino mediator to one equivalent of the achiral trisaldehyde precursor formed a trisimino intermediate. This chiral compound was subsequently combined with the achiral trisamino precursor, leading to an imine exchange reaction that releasing the chiral amino mediator and formation of the tetrahedral cage with an enantiomeric excess (ee) of up to 75 %, exclusively composed of achiral building blocks. This experimental observation aligns with theoretical calculations based on the free energies of related cage structures. Moreover, since the chiral amine was not consumed during the imine exchange cycle, it enabled the enantioselective self-assembly of the tetrahedral cage for multiple cycles when new batches of the achiral trisaldehyde and trisamino precursors were successively added.

Negatively Curved Octagon-Incorporated Aza-nanographene and its Assembly with Fullerenes.

A negatively curved aza-nanographene (NG) containing two octagons was synthesized by a regioselective and stepwise cyclodehydrogenation procedure, in which a double aza[7]helicene was simultaneously formed as an intermediate. Their saddle-shaped structures with negative curvature were unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallography, thereby enabling the exploration of the structure-property relationship by photophysical, electrochemical and conformational studies. Moreover, the assembly of the octagon-embedded aza-NG with fullerenes was probed by fluorescence spectral titration, with record-high binding constants (Ka=9.5×103 M-1 with C60, Ka=3.7×104 M-1 with C70) found among reported negatively curved polycyclic aromatic compounds. The tight association of aza-NG with C60 was further elucidated by X-ray diffraction analysis of their co-crystal, which showed the formation of a 1 : 1 complex with substantial concave-convex interactions.

Chiral Molecular Cage with Tunable Stereoinversion Barriers.

The manipulation of chirality in molecular entities that rapidly interconvert between enantiomeric forms is challenging, particularly at the supramolecular level. Advances in controlling such dynamic stereochemical systems offer opportunities to understand chiral symmetry breaking and homochirality. Herein, we report the synthesis of a face-rotating tetrahedron (FRT), an organic molecular cage composed of tridurylborane facial units that undergo stereomutations between enantiomeric trefoil propeller-like conformations. After resolution, we show that the racemization barrier of the enantiopure FRT can be regulated in situ through the reversible binding of fluoride anions onto the tridurylborane moieties. Furthermore, the addition of an enantiopure phenylethanol to the FRT can effectively induce chirality of the molecular cage by preferentially binding to one of its enantiomeric conformers. This study presents a new paradigm for controlling dynamic chirality in supramolecular systems, which may have implications for asymmetric synthesis and dynamic stereochemistry.

Tunable Stress Relaxing Biomimetic Matrices: Hyaluronan/Hydroxyapatite Hybridization Mediates Assembly of Collagen Fibrils.

The alluring correlations of cellular behaviors with viscoelastic extracellular matrices have driven increasing endeavors directed toward the understanding of mechanical cues on cell growth and differentiation via preparing biomimetic scaffolds/gels with viscoelastic controllability. Indeed, systematic investigations, especially into calcium phosphate-containing biomimetics, are relatively rare. Here, oxidized hyaluronic acid/hydroxyapatite hybrids (OHAHs) were synthesized by hyaluronan-mediated biomimetic mineralization with confined ion diffusion and subsequent oxidization treatment. The collagen self-assembly was applied to fabricate tunable stress relaxing fibrillar matrices in the presence of OHAHs in which the incorporated hyaluronic acid with aldehyde groups acted to improve the component compatibility as well as to supplement the molecular interactions with the occurrence of a Schiff-base reaction. With the addition of varying OHAH contents, the self-assembly behavior of collagen was altered, and the obtained collagen-hybrid (CH) matrices presented a heterogeneous fibrillar structure interspersed with OHAHs, characterized by large fibrillar bundles coexisting with small fibrils. The OHAHs improved the hydrogel stability of pure collagen, and according to rheological and nanoindentation measurements, CH matrices also exhibited tunable stress relaxation rates, following an OHAH concentration-dependent fashion. The proliferation and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured onto such CH matrices were further found to increase with the stress relaxing rate of the matrices. The present study showed that the introduction of hydroxyapatite incorporated with active hyaluronic acid during collagen reconstitution was a simple and effective strategy to realize the preparation of tunable stress relaxing biomimetic matrices potentially used for further appraising the regulation of mechanical cues on cell behaviors.

Nitrogen-doped carbon decorated 3D NiCoSe2 micro-flowers as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Compared with monometallic selenides, bimetallic selenides have better synergistic effects and more abundant active sites for electrochemical reactions. As an important member of the transition metal oxide family, NiCoSe2 has been widely used in energy storage devices and has shown excellent electrochemical performance. So in this paper, nitrogen-doped carbon decorated NiCoSe2 composites (NiCoSe2/NC-700, NiCoSe2/NC-800, and NiCoSe2/NC-900) with a microflower structure were synthesized by calcining nickel-cobalt bimetallic organic skeleton materials at different temperatures, and were used as anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Because the MOF precursor has many advantages such as structural controllability, and a bimetal synergistic effect, the test results showed that the prepared NiCoSe2/NC composites have a special morphology, outstanding electrical conductivity, excellent lithium storage performance and electrochemical cycling performance in the process of being used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The NiCoSe2/NC-800 materials displayed a high initial capacity (2099.8/1084.3 mA h g-1), and still maintained a high capacity (1041.2/989.9 mA h g-1) after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g-1 and in the voltage range of 0.01-3.0 V. In addition, at high current densities of 0.5 A g-1 and 1.0 A g-1, the increased capacity of NiCoSe2/NC composites may be due to the activation of electrodes and the pseudocapacitance during cycling. Through ex situ XRD experiments, the lithium storage mechanism of the NiCoSe2/NC-800 electrode material during cycling was further studied, and NiCoSe2/NC-800 was continuously converted into Ni, Co, and Li2Se during cycling.

Galangin: A food-derived flavonoid with therapeutic potential against a wide spectrum of diseases.

Galangin is an important flavonoid with natural activity, that is abundant in galangal and propolis. Currently, various biological activities of galangin have been disclosed, including anti-inflammation, antibacterial effect, anti-oxidative stress and aging, anti-fibrosis, and antihypertensive effect. Based on the above bioactivities, more and more attention has been paid to the role of galangin in neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, skin diseases, and cancer. In this paper, the natural sources, pharmacokinetics, bioactivities, and therapeutic potential of galangin against various diseases were systematically reviewed by collecting and summarizing relevant literature. In addition, the molecular mechanism and new preparation of galangin in the treatment of related diseases are also discussed, to broaden the application prospect and provide reference for its clinical application. Furthermore, it should be noted that current toxicity and clinical studies of galangin are insufficient, and more evidence is needed to support its possibility as a functional food.

Biodegradation of Inosine and Guanosine by Bacillus paranthracis YD01.

Both inosine and guanosine are precursors of uric acid that may cause the diseases of hyperuricemia and gout in humans. Here, a promising bacterial strain for efficiently biodegrading both inosine and guanosine was successfully isolated from a healthy human intestine and identified as Bacillus paranthracis YD01 with 16S rRNA analysis. An initial amount of 49.6 mg·L-1 of inosine or 49.9 mg·L-1 of guanosine was completely removed by YD01 within 12 h, which showed that YD01 had a strong ability to biodegrade inosine and guanosine. Furthermore, the initial amount of 49.2 mg·L-1 of inosine or 49.5 mg·L-1 of guanosine was totally catalyzed by the intracellular crude enzymes of YD01 within 6 h, and the initial inosine amount of 49.6 mg·L-1 or guanosine of 49.7 mg·L-1 was biodegraded by the extracellular crude enzymes of YD01 within 9 h. Illumina Hiseq sequencing and database gene annotation were used to elucidate the genomic characteristics of B. paranthracis YD01. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase, encoded by gene 1785, gene 3933, and gene 4403, was found in the KEEG database, which played a crucial role in the biodegradation of inosine and guanosine. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the mechanisms for biodegrading inosine and guanosine using B. paranthracis YD01.