A mitophagy sensor PPTC7 controls BNIP3 and NIX degradation to regulate mitochondrial mass.

Mitophagy mediated by BNIP3 and NIX critically regulates mitochondrial mass. Cellular BNIP3 and NIX levels are tightly controlled by SCFFBXL4-mediated ubiquitination to prevent excessive mitochondrial loss and lethal disease. Here, we report that knockout of PPTC7, a mitochondrial matrix protein, hyperactivates BNIP3-/NIX-mediated mitophagy and causes perinatal lethality that is rescued by NIX knockout in mice. Biochemically, the PPTC7 precursor is trapped by BNIP3 and NIX to the mitochondrial outer membrane, where PPTC7 scaffolds assembly of a substrate-PPTC7-SCFFBXL4 holocomplex to degrade BNIP3 and NIX, forming a homeostatic regulatory loop. PPTC7 possesses an unusually weak mitochondrial targeting sequence to facilitate its outer membrane retention and mitophagy control. Starvation upregulates PPPTC7 expression in mouse liver to repress mitophagy, which critically maintains hepatic mitochondrial mass, bioenergetics, and gluconeogenesis. Collectively, PPTC7 functions as a mitophagy sensor that integrates homeostatic and physiological signals to dynamically control BNIP3 and NIX degradation, thereby maintaining mitochondrial mass and cellular homeostasis.

Enhancer-promoter interactions are reconfigured through the formation of long-range multiway hubs as mouse ES cells exit pluripotency.

Enhancers bind transcription factors, chromatin regulators, and non-coding transcripts to modulate the expression of target genes. Here, we report 3D genome structures of single mouse ES cells as they are induced to exit pluripotency and transition through a formative stage prior to undergoing neuroectodermal differentiation. We find that there is a remarkable reorganization of 3D genome structure where inter-chromosomal intermingling increases dramatically in the formative state. This intermingling is associated with the formation of a large number of multiway hubs that bring together enhancers and promoters with similar chromatin states from typically 5-8 distant chromosomal sites that are often separated by many Mb from each other. In the formative state, genes important for pluripotency exit establish contacts with emerging enhancers within these multiway hubs, suggesting that the structural changes we have observed may play an important role in modulating transcription and establishing new cell identities.

ConvNeXt-MHC: improving MHC-peptide affinity prediction by structure-derived degenerate coding and the ConvNeXt model.

Peptide binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins plays a critical role in T-cell recognition and the specificity of the immune response. Experimental validation such peptides is extremely resource-intensive. As a result, accurate computational prediction of binding peptides is highly important, particularly in the context of cancer immunotherapy applications, such as the identification of neoantigens. In recent years, there is a significant need to continually improve the existing prediction methods to meet the demands of this field. We developed ConvNeXt-MHC, a method for predicting MHC-I-peptide binding affinity. It introduces a degenerate encoding approach to enhance well-established panspecific methods and integrates transfer learning and semi-supervised learning methods into the cutting-edge deep learning framework ConvNeXt. Comprehensive benchmark results demonstrate that ConvNeXt-MHC outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy. We expect that ConvNeXt-MHC will help us foster new discoveries in the field of immunoinformatics in the distant future. We constructed a user-friendly website at http://www.combio-lezhang.online/predict/, where users can access our data and application.

Indole-3-Propionic Acid Protects Against Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common but poorly understood form of heart failure, characterized by impaired diastolic function. It is highly heterogeneous with multiple comorbidities, including obesity and diabetes, making human studies difficult. METHODS: Metabolomic analyses in a mouse model of HFpEF showed that levels of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a metabolite produced by gut bacteria from tryptophan, were reduced in the plasma and heart tissue of HFpEF mice as compared with controls. We then examined the role of IPA in mouse models of HFpEF as well as 2 human HFpEF cohorts. RESULTS: The protective role and therapeutic effects of IPA were confirmed in mouse models of HFpEF using IPA dietary supplementation. IPA attenuated diastolic dysfunction, metabolic remodeling, oxidative stress, inflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and intestinal epithelial barrier damage. In the heart, IPA suppressed the expression of NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyl transferase), restored nicotinamide, NAD+/NADH, and SIRT3 (sirtuin 3) levels. IPA mediates the protective effects on diastolic dysfunction, at least in part, by promoting the expression of SIRT3. SIRT3 regulation was mediated by IPA binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, as Sirt3 knockdown diminished the effects of IPA on diastolic dysfunction in vivo. The role of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide circuit in HFpEF was further confirmed by nicotinamide supplementation, Nnmt knockdown, and Nnmt overexpression in vivo. IPA levels were significantly reduced in patients with HFpEF in 2 independent human cohorts, consistent with a protective function in humans, as well as mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal that IPA protects against diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF by enhancing the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage pathway, suggesting the possibility of therapeutic management by either altering the gut microbiome composition or supplementing the diet with IPA.

Self-Driving Laboratories for Chemistry and Materials Science.

Self-driving laboratories (SDLs) promise an accelerated application of the scientific method. Through the automation of experimental workflows, along with autonomous experimental planning, SDLs hold the potential to greatly accelerate research in chemistry and materials discovery. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the state-of-the-art in SDL technology, its applications across various scientific disciplines, and the potential implications for research and industry. This review additionally provides an overview of the enabling technologies for SDLs, including their hardware, software, and integration with laboratory infrastructure. Most importantly, this review explores the diverse range of scientific domains where SDLs have made significant contributions, from drug discovery and materials science to genomics and chemistry. We provide a comprehensive review of existing real-world examples of SDLs, their different levels of automation, and the challenges and limitations associated with each domain.

Lattice Distortion Promotes Incipient Plasticity in Multiprincipal Element Alloys.

Multiprincipal element alloys usually exhibit earlier pop-in events than pure metals and dilute solid solutions during nanoindentation experiments. To understand the origin of this phenomenon, large-scale atomic simulations of nanoindentation were performed on a series of metallic materials to investigate the underlying physics of incipient plasticity at the nanoscale. Statistical result shows that lattice distortion δ and normalized critical pressure pc/Es follow a power-law relationship. Via quantitative analysis on the relative positions of the atoms within the nearest neighbor shell, the physical origin of premature incipient plasticity is revealed as severe lattice distortion induces large relative atomic displacement, so only a small indentation strain is required to meet the critical displacement threshold that triggers incipient plasticity. Therefore, for perfect crystals, lattice distortion is an intrinsic and determinative factor that affects the first pop-in event.

Oncoprotein-induced transcript 3 protein-enriched extracellular vesicles promotes NLRP3 ubiquitination to alleviate acute lung injury after cardiac surgery.

Acute lung injury (ALI) including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major complication and increase the mortality of patients with cardiac surgery. We previously found that the protein cargoes enriched in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are closely associated with cardiopulmonary disease. We aimed to evaluate the implication of EVs on cardiac surgery-associated ALI/ARDS. The correlations between "oncoprotein-induced transcript 3 protein (OIT3) positive" circulating EVs and postoperative ARDS were assessed. The effects of OIT3-overexpressed EVs on the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) -induced ALI in vivo and inflammation of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were detected. OIT3 enriched in circulating EVs is reduced after cardiac surgery with CPB, especially with postoperative ARDS. The "OIT3 positive" EVs negatively correlate with lung edema, hypoxemia and CPB time. The OIT3-overexpressed EVs can be absorbed by pulmonary epithelial cells and OIT3 transferred by EVs triggered K48- and K63-linked polyubiquitination to inactivate NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and restrains pro-inflammatory cytokines releasing and immune cells infiltration in lung tissues, contributing to the alleviation of CPB-induced ALI. Overexpression of OIT3 in human bronchial epithelial cells have similar results. OIT3 promotes the E3 ligase Cbl proto-oncogene B associated with NLRP3 to induce the ubiquitination of NLRP3. Immunofluorescence tests reveal that OIT3 is reduced in the generation from the liver sinusoids endothelial cells (LSECs) and secretion in liver-derived EVs after CPB. In conclusion, OIT3 enriched in EVs is a promising biomarker of postoperative ARDS and a therapeutic target for ALI after cardiac surgery.

Prognostic and immunotherapeutic potential of regulatory T cell-associated signature in ovarian cancer.

Tumour-induced immunosuppressive microenvironments facilitate oncogenesis, with regulatory T cells (Tregs) serving as a crucial component. The significance of Treg-associated genes within the context of ovarian cancer (OC) remains elucidated insufficiently. Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) for the identification of Treg-specific biomarkers, this investigation employed single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) for the derivation of a Treg signature score. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) facilitated the identification of Treg-correlated genes. Machine learning algorithms were employed to determine an optimal prognostic model, subsequently exploring disparities across risk strata in terms of survival outcomes, immunological infiltration, pathway activation and responsiveness to immunotherapy. Through WGCNA, a cohort of 365 Treg-associated genes was discerned, with 70 implicated in the prognostication of OC. A Tregs-associated signature (TAS), synthesized from random survival forest (RSF) and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithms, exhibited robust predictive validity across both internal and external cohorts. Low TAS OC patients demonstrated superior survival outcomes, augmented by increased immunological cell infiltration, upregulated immune checkpoint expression, distinct pathway enrichment and differential response to immunotherapeutic interventions. The devised TAS proficiently prognosticates patient outcomes and delineates the immunological milieu within OC, offering a strategic instrument for the clinical stratification and selection of patients.

SNHG1 knockdown promotes osteogenic differentiation of hDFSCs through anti-oxidative stress mediated by autophagy.

The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and is frequently employed as a prognostic biomarker. However, its involvement in the osteogenic differentiation of oral stem cells, particularly human dental follicle stem cells (hDFSCs), remains unclear. Our investigation revealed that the absence of SNHG1 enhances the osteogenic differentiation of hDFSCs. Furthermore, the downregulation of SNHG1 induces autophagy in hDFSCs, leading to a reduction in intracellular oxidative stress levels. Notably, this effect is orchestrated through the epigenetic regulation of EZH2. Our study unveils a novel function of SNHG1 in governing the osteogenic differentiation of hDFSCs, offering fresh insights for an in-depth exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying dental follicle development. These findings not only provide a foundation for advancing the understanding of SNHG1 but also present innovative perspectives for promoting the repair and regeneration of periodontal supporting tissue, ultimately contributing to the restoration of periodontal health and tooth function.

Comprehensive identification of maize ZmE2F transcription factors and the positive role of ZmE2F6 in response to drought stress.

BACKGROUND: The early 2 factor (E2F) family is characterized as a kind of transcription factor that plays an important role in cell division, DNA damage repair, and cell size regulation. However, its stress response has not been well revealed. RESULTS: In this study, ZmE2F members were comprehensively identified in the maize genome, and 21 ZmE2F genes were identified, including eight E2F subclade members, seven DEL subfamily genes, and six DP genes. All ZmE2F proteins possessed the DNA-binding domain (DBD) characterized by conserved motif 1 with the RRIYD sequence. The ZmE2F genes were unevenly distributed on eight maize chromosomes, showed diversity in gene structure, expanded by gene duplication, and contained abundant stress-responsive elements in their promoter regions. Subsequently, the ZmE2F6 gene was cloned and functionally verified in drought response. The results showed that the ZmE2F6 protein interacted with ZmPP2C26, localized in the nucleus, and responded to drought treatment. The overexpression of ZmE2F6 enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis with longer root length, higher survival rate, and biomass by upregulating stress-related gene transcription. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides novel insights into a greater understanding and functional study of the E2F family in the stress response.

Transaminase-Catalyzed Synthesis of ß-Branched Noncanonical Amino Acids Driven by a Lysine Amine Donor.

Transaminases are choice biocatalysts for the synthesis of chiral primary amines, including amino acids bearing contiguous stereocenters. In this study, we employ lysine as a "smart" amine donor in transaminase-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution reactions to access ß-branched noncanonical arylalanines. Our mechanistic investigation demonstrates that, upon transamination, the lysine-derived ketone byproduct readily cyclizes to a six-membered imine, driving the equilibrium in the desired direction and thus alleviating the need to load superstoichiometric quantities of the amine donor or deploy a multienzyme cascade. Lysine also shows good overall compatibility with a panel of wild-type transaminases, a promising hint of its application as a smart donor more broadly. Indeed, by this approach, we furnished a broad scope of ß-branched arylalanines, including some bearing hitherto intractable cyclopropyl and isopropyl substituents, with high yields and excellent selectivities.

Up-front autologous stem cell transplant in peripheral T-cell lymphoma patients achieving complete response after first-line treatment: A multicentre real-world analysis.

We conducted a retrospective, multicentre study to compare consolidation therapy with or without first-line autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) for peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) patients in a real-world setting. We enrolled 347 PTCL patients who achieved complete response after first-line treatment. Of these, 257 received consolidation chemotherapy (non-ASCT group) and 90 received ASCT (ASCT group). Clinical outcomes were comparable between ASCT and non-ASCT groups. After propensity score matching, the 2-year cumulative incidence of treatment-related mortality and relapse remained similar between groups (1.9% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.985; 24.7% vs. 47.1%, p = 0.021). However, significant differences emerged in progression-free survival and overall survival probabilities. Within the T-cell lymphoma subgroup, ASCT patients exhibited favourable outcomes compared to non-ASCT patients: 2-year progression-free survival (73.4% vs. 50.8%, p = 0.024) and overall survival (92.1% vs. 73.5%, p = 0.021). Notably, no significant differences were observed for patients with NK/T-cell lymphoma. These real-world data suggest that up-front ASCT is a safe and effective consolidation option for PTCL patients in remission, particularly those with T-cell lymphoma.

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult T-lymphoblastic lymphoma: A real-world multicentre analysis in China.

In this multicentre, real-world study, we aimed to identify the clinical outcomes and safety of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL). A total of 130 Ann Arbor stage III or IV T-LBL patients (>16 years) treated with allo-HSCT across five transplant centres were enrolled. The 2-year cumulative incidence of disease progression, the probabilities of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) after allo-HSCT were 21.0%, 69.8%, 79.5% and 9.2% respectively. Patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement had a higher cumulative incidence of disease progression compared with those without CNS involvement (57.1% vs. 18.9%, HR 3.78, p = 0.014). Patients receiving allo-HSCT in non-remission (NR) had a poorer PFS compared with those receiving allo-HSCT in complete remission (CR) or partial remission (49.2% vs. 72.7%, HR 2.21, p = 0.041). Particularly for patients with bone marrow involvement and achieving CR before allo-HSCT, measurable residual disease (MRD) positivity before allo-HSCT was associated with a poorer PFS compared with MRD negativity (62.7% vs. 86.8%, HR 1.94, p = 0.036). On multivariate analysis, CNS involvement at diagnosis and receiving allo-HSCT in NR were associated with disease progression. Thus, our real-world data suggested that allo-HSCT appeared to be an effective therapy for adult T-LBL patients with Ann Arbor stage III or IV disease.

Comparative Risk of Serious Infection With Vedolizumab vs Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From Nationwide Swedish Registers.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to assess the risk of serious infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with vedolizumab compared with those treated with anti-tumor necrosis factors (TNF) and the general population. METHODS: In this Swedish cohort study, treatment episodes were identified from nationwide health registers. We used Cox regression with propensity score-matched cohorts to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for incident serious infections, defined as infections requiring hospital admission. RESULTS: During 1,376 treatment episodes in Crohn's disease, the rate of serious infections per 100 person-years (PY) was 5.18 (95% CI = 3.98-6.63) with vedolizumab vs 3.54 (95% CI = 2.50-4.85) with anti-TNF; HR = 1.72 (95% CI = 1.12-2.65), partly explained by more gastrointestinal infections. Compared with the rate of 0.75/100 PY (95% CI = 0.59-0.92) in a matched general population cohort, vedolizumab demonstrated higher risk (HR = 7.00; 95% CI = 5.04-9.72). During 1,294 treatment episodes in ulcerative colitis, the corresponding rates were 3.74/100 PY (95% CI = 2.66-5.11) with vedolizumab vs 3.42/100 PY (95% CI = 2.31-4.89) with anti-TNF; HR = 0.80 (95% CI = 0.47-1.36) during the initial 1.1 years and HR = 2.03 (95% CI = 0.65-6.32) after 1.1 years (truncated due to nonproportional hazards). Pneumonia accounted for 40% of all infections among anti-TNF, whereas no case was observed among vedolizumab episodes. Compared with the rate of 0.69/100 PYs (95% CI = 0.53-0.87) in a matched general population cohort, vedolizumab showed an HR of 5.45 (95% CI = 3.67-8.11). DISCUSSION: Vedolizumab was associated with increased risks of serious infections compared with anti-TNF in Crohn's disease but not in ulcerative colitis. Nonetheless, the panorama of serious infections seemed to differ between the drugs. Our findings underscore the importance of clinical awareness of infections and the safety profile of the 2 therapies.

Implementation of a Multi-Functional-Group Strategy for Enhanced Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells through the Incorporation of 3-Amino-4-Phenylbutyric Acid Hydrochloride.

Reducing the defect density of perovskite films during the crystallization process is critical in preparing high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a multi-functional molecule, 3-phenyl-4-aminobutyric acid hydrochloride (APH), with three functional groups including a benzene ring, ─NH3 + and ─COOH, is added into the perovskite precursor solution to improve perovskite crystallization and device performance. The benzene ring increases the hydrophobicity of perovskites, while ─NH3 + and ─COOH passivate defects related to I- and Pb2+, respectively. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the optimal device increased to 24.65%. Additionally, an effective area of 1 cm2 with a PCE of 22.45% is also prepared using APH as an additive. Furthermore, PSCs prepared with APH exhibit excellent stability by 87% initial PCE without encapsulation after exposure at room temperature under 25% humidity for 5000 h and retaining 70% of initial PCE after aging at 85 °C in an N2 environment for 864 h.

Dual Hole Transport Layers Heterojunction and Band Alignment Engineered Mo:BiVO4 Photoanodes for Efficient Water Splitting.

BiVO4-based photoanode is one of the most promising photoanodes for photoelectrocatalytic water splitting. However, the serious problem of interface charge recombination limits its further development. Here, a Mo:BiVO4/NiOx/CPF-TCzB/NiCoBi photoanode is constructed with double hole transport layer and an energy level gradient to achieve an effective photo-generated holes extraction and accumulation at the surface electrocatalyst. The conjugated polycarbazole framework CPF-TCzB is used as hole transport layer to eliminate the charge recombination center between Mo:BiVO4 and NiCoBi electrocatalyst and realize the extraction and storage of photo-generated hole; NiOx nanoparticles are further inserted between Mo:BiVO4 and CPF-TCzB to form a gradient energy level, eliminating the energy level barrier and optimizing band alignment. As a result, Mo:BiVO4/NiOx/CPF-TCzB/NiCoBi achieves a much higher photocurrent densities of 3.14 mA cm-2 than that of Mo:BiVO4 (0.42 mA cm-2) at 0.6 V versus RHE. This work provides an specific way to adjust the band structure of BiVO4-based photoanodes and realize efficient hole extraction and storage for PEC water splitting.

Identification, characterization and application of M16AT, a new organic solvent-tolerant (R)-enantio-selective type IV amine transaminase from Mycobacterium sp. ACS1612.

Biocatalysis has emerged as a powerful alternative to traditional chemical methods, especially for asymmetric synthesis. As biocatalysts usually exhibit excellent chemical, regio- and enantioselectivity, they facilitate and simplify many chemical processes for the production of a broad range of products. Here, a new biocatalyst called, R-selective amine transaminases (R-ATAs), was obtained from Mycobacterium sp. ACS1612 (M16AT) using in-silico prediction combined with a genome and protein database. A two-step simple purification process could yield a high concentration of pure enzyme, suggesting that industrial application would be inexpensive. Additionally, the newly identified and characterized R-ATAs displayed a broad substrate spectrum and strong tolerance to organic solvents. Moreover, the synthetic applicability of M16AT has been demonstrated by the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-fendiline from of (R)-1-phenylethan-1-amine.

Metaproteomics analysis of anaerobic digestion of food waste by the addition of calcium peroxide and magnetite.

Adding trace calcium peroxide and magnetite into a semi-continuous digester is a new method to effectively improve the anaerobic digestion of food waste. However, the microbial mechanism in this system has not been fully explored. Metaproteomics further revealed that the most active and significantly regulated genus u_p_Chloroflexi had formed a good cooperative relationship with Methanomicrobiales and Methanothrix in the system. u_p_Chloroflexi decomposed more organic compounds into CO2, acetate, amino acids, and other substances by alternating between short aerobic-anaerobic respiration. It perceived and adapted to the surrounding environment by producing biofilm, extracellular enzymes, and accelerating substrate transport, formed a respiratory barrier, and enhanced iron transport capacity by using highly expressed cytochrome C. The methanogens formed reactive oxygen species scavengers and reduced iron transport to prevent oxidative damage. This study provides new insight for improving the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of food waste and identifying key microorganisms and their regulated functional proteins in the calcium peroxide-magnetite digestion system.IMPORTANCEPrevious study has found that the combination of calcium peroxide and magnetite has a good promoting effect on the anaerobic digestion process of food waste. Through multiple omics approaches, information such as microbial population structure and changes in metabolites can be further analyzed. This study can help researchers gain a deeper understanding of the digestion pathway of food waste under the combined action of calcium peroxide and magnetite, further elucidate the impact mechanisms of calcium peroxide and magnetite at the microbial level, and provide theoretical guidance to improve the efficiency and stability of anaerobic digestion of food waste, as well as reduce operational costs. This research contributes to improving energy recovery efficiency, promoting sustainable management and development of food waste, and is of great significance to environmental protection.

Melatonin promotes the recovery of apple plants after waterlogging by shaping the structure and function of the rhizosphere microbiome.

The dynamics of the physiological adaptability of plants and the rhizosphere soil environment after waterlogging remain unclear. Here we investigated the mechanisms regulating plant condition and shaping of the rhizosphere microbiome in a pot experiment. In the experiment, we added melatonin to waterlogged plants, which promoted waterlogging relief. The treatment significantly enhanced photosynthesis and the antioxidant capacity of apple plants, and significantly promoted nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency by upregulating genes related to N transport and metabolism. Multiperiod soil microbiome analysis showed the dynamic effects of melatonin on the diversity of the microbial community during waterlogging recovery. Random forest and linear regression analyses were used to screen for potential beneficial bacteria (e.g., Azoarcus, Pseudomonas and Nocardioides) specifically regulated by melatonin and revealed a positive correlation with soil nutrient levels and plant growth. Furthermore, metagenomic analyses revealed the regulatory effects of melatonin on genes involved in N cycling in soil. Melatonin positively contributed to the accumulation of plant dry weight by upregulating the expression of nifD and nifK (N fixation). In summary, melatonin positively regulates physiological functions in plants and the structure and function of the microbial community; it promoted the recovery of apple plants after waterlogging stress.

Event-based asynchronous HDR imaging by temporal incident light modulation.

Dynamic range (DR) is a pivotal characteristic of imaging systems. Current frame-based cameras struggle to achieve high dynamic range imaging due to the conflict between globally uniform exposure and spatially variant scene illumination. In this paper, we propose AsynHDR, a pixel-asynchronous HDR imaging system, based on key insights into the challenges in HDR imaging and the unique event-generating mechanism of dynamic vision sensors (DVS). Our proposed AsynHDR system integrates the DVS with a set of LCD panels. The LCD panels modulate the irradiance incident upon the DVS by altering their transparency, thereby triggering the pixel-independent event streams. The HDR image is subsequently decoded from the event streams through our temporal-weighted algorithm. Experiments under the standard test platform and several challenging scenes have verified the feasibility of the system in HDR imaging tasks.