High accuracy of positioning custom triflange acetabular components in tumour and total hip arthroplasty revision surgery.

Aims: Custom triflange acetabular components (CTACs) play an important role in reconstructive orthopaedic surgery, particularly in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) and pelvic tumour resection procedures. Accurate CTAC positioning is essential to successful surgical outcomes. While prior studies have explored CTAC positioning in rTHA, research focusing on tumour cases and implant flange positioning precision remains limited. Additionally, the impact of intraoperative navigation on positioning accuracy warrants further investigation. This study assesses CTAC positioning accuracy in tumour resection and rTHA cases, focusing on the differences between preoperative planning and postoperative implant positions. Methods: A multicentre observational cohort study in Australia between February 2017 and March 2021 included consecutive patients undergoing acetabular reconstruction with CTACs in rTHA (Paprosky 3A/3B defects) or tumour resection (including Enneking P2 peri-acetabular area). Of 103 eligible patients (104 hips), 34 patients (35 hips) were analyzed. Results: CTAC positioning was generally accurate, with minor deviations in cup inclination (mean 2.7°; SD 2.84°), anteversion (mean 3.6°; SD 5.04°), and rotation (mean 2.1°; SD 2.47°). Deviation of the hip centre of rotation (COR) showed a mean vector length of 5.9 mm (SD 7.24). Flange positions showed small deviations, with the ischial flange exhibiting the largest deviation (mean vector length of 7.0 mm; SD 8.65). Overall, 83% of the implants were accurately positioned, with 17% exceeding malpositioning thresholds. CTACs used in tumour resections exhibited higher positioning accuracy than rTHA cases, with significant differences in inclination (1.5° for tumour vs 3.4° for rTHA) and rotation (1.3° for tumour vs 2.4° for rTHA). The use of intraoperative navigation appeared to enhance positioning accuracy, but this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: This study demonstrates favourable CTAC positioning accuracy, with potential for improved accuracy through intraoperative navigation. Further research is needed to understand the implications of positioning accuracy on implant performance and long-term survival.

Surgical interventions for treating acute Achilles tendon ruptures.

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of consensus on the best management of the acute Achilles tendon rupture. Treatment can be broadly classified into surgical (open or percutaneous) and non-surgical (cast immobilisation or functional bracing). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relative effects of surgical versus non-surgical treatment, or different surgical interventions, for acute Achilles tendon ruptures in adults. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register (July 2009), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2009, Issue 3), MEDLINE (1966 to 20th July 2009), EMBASE (1966 to 2009 week 29), CINAHL (1983 to July 2007) and reference lists of articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing surgical versus non-surgical treatment or different surgical methods for acute Achilles tendon ruptures in adults. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently selected potentially eligible trials; trials were then assessed for quality using a 10-item scale. Where possible, data were pooled. MAIN RESULTS: Twelve trials involving 844 participants were included. One trial tested two comparisons.Quality assessment revealed a poor level of methodological rigour in many studies, particularly with regard to concealment of allocation and the lack of assessor blinding.Open surgical treatment compared with non-surgical treatment (6 trials, 536 participants) was associated with a statistically significant lower risk of rerupture (risk ratio (RR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21 to 0.77), but a higher risk of other complications including infection (RR 4.89, 95% CI 1.09 to 21.91), adhesions and disturbed skin sensibility (numbness). Functional status including sporting activity was variably and often incompletely reported, including frequent use of non standardised outcome measures, and the results were inconclusive.Open surgical repair compared with percutaneous repair (4 trials, 174 participants) was associated with a higher risk of infection (RR 9.32, 95% CI 1.77 to 49.16). These figures should be interpreted with caution because of the small numbers involved. Similarly, no definitive conclusions could be made regarding different tendon repair techniques (3 trials, 147 participants). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Open surgical treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures significantly reduces the risk of rerupture compared with non-surgical treatment, but produces significantly higher risks of other complications, including wound infection. The latter may be reduced by performing surgery percutaneously.

WITHDRAWN: Interventions for treating acute Achilles tendon ruptures.

BACKGROUND: There is lack of consensus on the best management of the acute Achilles tendon (TA) rupture. Treatment can be broadly classified into operative (open or percutaneous) and non-operative (cast immobilisation or functional bracing). Post-operative splintage can be with a rigid cast (above or below the knee) or a more mobile functional brace. OBJECTIVES: To identify and summarise the evidence from randomised controlled trials of the effectiveness of different interventions in the treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched multiple databases including the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group specialised register (to September 2003), reference lists of articles and contacted trialists. Keywords included Achilles Tendon, Rupture, and Tendon Injuries. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing different treatment regimens for acute Achilles tendon ruptures. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three reviewers extracted data and independently assessed trial quality by use of a ten-item scale. MAIN RESULTS: Fourteen trials involving 891 patients were included. Several of the studies had poor methodology and inadequate reporting of outcomes.Open operative treatment compared with non-operative treatment (4 trials, 356 patients) was associated with a lower risk of rerupture (relative risk (RR) 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11 to 0.64), but a higher risk of other complications including infection, adhesions and disturbed skin sensibility (RR 10.60, 95%CI 4.82 to 23.28).Percutaneous repair compared with open operative repair (2 studies, 94 patients) was associated with a shorter operation duration, and lower risk of infection (RR 10.52, 95% CI 1.37 to 80.52). These figures should be interpreted with caution because of the small numbers involved.Patients splinted with a functional brace rather than a cast post-operatively (5 studies, 273 patients) tended to have a shorter in-patient stay, less time off work and a quicker return to sporting activities. There was also a lower complication rate (excluding rerupture) in the functional brace group (RR 1.88 95%CI 1.27 to 2.76).Because of the small number of patients involved no definitive conclusions could be made regarding different operative techniques (1 study, 51 patients), different non-operative treatment regimes (2 studies, 90 patients), and different forms of post-operative cast immobilisation (1 study, 40 patients). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Open operative treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures significantly reduces the risk of rerupture compared to non-operative treatment, but produces a significantly higher risk of other complications, including wound infection. The latter may be reduced by performing surgery percutaneously. Post-operative splintage in a functional brace appears to reduce hospital stay, time off work and sports, and may lower the overall complication rate.

MDM2/CDK4 gene amplification in large/deep-seated 'lipomas': incidence, predictors and clinical significance.

This study of 140 cases assessed the incidence of MDM2/CDK4 gene amplification in lipomatous neoplasms with histological features of a lipoma but which were of clinical concern due to large size (≥50 mm) and/or deep-seated (subfascial) location. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify clinical, radiological and pathological predictors of gene amplification. Differences in local recurrence rates between amplified and non-amplified cases were assessed using survival analysis. The findings indicate that the incidence of MDM2/CDK4 amplification in this setting is low at 5% (95%CI 1.4-8.6%). Variables associated with amplification on univariate analysis were tumour site (thigh, p = 0.004), size (>100 mm, p = 0.033) and presence of equivocal atypia (p = 0.001). Independent predictors on multivariate analysis were size (OR 3.9, 95%CI 1.4-11.3, p = 0.012) and presence of equivocal atypia (OR 12.5, 95%CI 1.9-80.3, p = 0.008). There was no significant difference in local recurrence rates between amplified and non-amplified cases (p = 0.461) based on a median follow-up time of 31 months. Assessment for MDM2/CDK4 amplification, therefore, should be considered in 'lipomas' which are >100 mm in size, show equivocal atypia and arise in the thigh. However, the clinical significance of gene amplification in this setting is unclear and requires confirmation in larger studies.