Community Health Workers and Stigma Associated with Mental Illness: An Integrative Literature Review.

Community health workers (CHWs) are facilitators between health services and service users, providing essential and effective support to those seeking health care. However, stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness also exist among CHWs and are based on prejudicial and biasedopinions. This integrative review critically assessed evidence regarding CHWs approaches for addressing mental health issues. In total, 19 studies were included in this review. The results revealed that CHWs have limited knowledge about mental illness and also stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness or substance use problems. Despite feeling unprepared, CHWs are favorable resources for mental health care and can contribute to reducing stigma due to the similarities they share with the communities that they serve. Task-sharing between health professionals and CHWs is an important strategy to improve access to health services and reducing stigma towards people with mental illness, provided that receive adequate training to perform the duties.

Factors associated with internalized stigma in people with common mental disorders using services of Family Health Strategy.

PURPOSE: To identify factors associated with the presence of internalized stigma in people with Common Mental Disorders (CMD) using Family Health Strategy. METHOD: Quantitative study carried out with 529 users with CMD answered the sociodemographic questionnaire and the scales Self-Reporting Questionnaire and scale on Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness. RESULTS: Internalized stigma was associated with education level, medication use, treatment for mental disorders, suicidal ideation, attendance at a psychosocial care center and psychiatric hospital. CONCLUSION: The adequate identification and treatment of psychological distress constitute effective prevention strategies to safeguard life and ensure the stigma reduction and better quality of life.

General Beliefs About Illicit Drug Use and Stigma: Perspective of People Who Use Illicit Drugs.

People who use illicit drugs are continuously subjected to harsh stigmatization from society. This study explores the perspectives of people who use illicit drugs, specifically their general beliefs about illicit drug use and related stigma. A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The participants were recruited in a Psychosocial Care Centre (CAPSad) of a municipality in the state of Sao Paulo in Brazil. Findings revealed that illicit drug use can cause individual, family, professional and social difficulties, including problems with the law. The participants indicated they felt victimized by illicit drugs and their use, but also shared prejudicial and discriminatory views, highlighting self-stigmatizing perspectives. There is a need to develop intervention studies with a psychosocial approach on the use of illicit drugs, valuing the person's participation in the treatment, covering biomedical approaches, having in mind the social impact of illicit drugs and their use.

Nursing and advocacy in health: An integrative review.

BACKGROUND: The practice of health advocacy in nursing has been defined as a process aimed at promoting the independence and autonomy of users of health services, in addition to providing information on healthcare decision-making and offering support for decisions taken. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Ethics approval was not required to conduct this review. AIM: This integrative review aims to synthesize evidence in the literature on health advocacy in professional nursing practice. METHODS: An integrative review methodology guided by Whittemore and Knalf was used. Studies were identified by conducting searches on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and LILACS databases. Of 2179 records, 34 studies matched the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: The main aspects involved in the practice of health advocacy by professional nurses are related to the ethical principles of the nursing profession, such as protecting patients seeking autonomy and care. Furthermore, the practice of health advocacy by nurses requires an empathetic attitude, responsibility, and assertive communication. CONCLUSION: The diverse possibilities for the practice of advocacy synthesized in this study allow nurses to approach and become familiarized with the topic, being able to acquire and complement knowledge that will reflect on their professional practice in different work environments such as the educational field, in hospital practice, or basic health care.

Nursing care in mental health: Human rights and ethical issues.

People with mental illness are subjected to stigma and discrimination and constantly face restrictions in the exercise of their political, civil and social rights. Considering this scenario, mental health, ethics and human rights are key approaches to advance the well-being of persons with mental illnesses. The study was conducted to review the scope of the empirical literature available to answer the research question: What evidence is available regarding human rights and ethical issues regarding nursing care to persons with mental illnesses? A scoping review methodology guided by Arksey and O'Malley was used. Studies were identified by conducting electronic searches on CINAHL, PubMed, SCOPUS and Hein databases. Of 312 citations, 26 articles matched the inclusion criteria. The central theme which emerged from the literature was "Ethics and Human Rights Boundaries to Mental Health Nursing practice". Mental health nurses play a key and valuable role in ensuring that their interventions are based on ethical and human rights principles. Mental health nurses seem to have difficulty engaging with the ethical issues in mental health, and generally are dealing with acts of paternalism and with the common justification for those acts. It is important to open a debate regarding possible solutions for this ethical dilemma, with the purpose to enable nurses to function in a way that is morally acceptable to the profession, patients and members of the public. This review may serve as an instrument for healthcare professionals, especially nurses, to reflect about how to fulfil their ethical responsibilities towards persons with mental illnesses, protecting them from discrimination and safeguarding their human rights, respecting their autonomy, and as a value, keeping the individual at the centre of ethical discourse.

Alignment and contribution of nursing doctoral programs to achieve the sustainable development goals.

BACKGROUND: Different social segments from several regions of the world face challenges in order to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Nursing represents the greatest number of health workforce in the globe, dealing with these challenges in different paths, among them the training of human resources. In this context, the goal of this study was to compare the relationship between the objectives and research areas underlying nursing doctoral programs in Latin America and the SDGs. METHOD: Documental research comparing data of all Latin American nursing doctoral programs and the SDGs, conducted between January and March 2020. RESULTS: From the total of 56 existing programs in Latin America, this study analyzed 52 of them, representing 92.8% of the total. Most nursing doctoral programs have contributed to SDG 3, in addition to goals 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 and 16. The SDGs 11, 13, 14, 15 and 17 were not related to any of the analyzed programs. Data reveal that the training of nursing PhDs is essential to fulfilling these goals. Results also indicate a need of programs to remain committed to relationships that enhance nursing skills to cope with the current challenges in terms of global health, such as investments for the reduction of social and gender inequities. CONCLUSION: The doctoral training of nurses in Latin America needs to be better aligned with the sustainable development goals (SDGs), since there is a high concentration in SDG 3. We believe that nursing will bring a greater contribution to the movement to protect planetary health as the principles governing nursing practices are better aligned with international health demands and agendas.

Perspectives About Treatment Services From People Who Use Illicit Drugs.

The objective of the current study was to describe the perspectives of people who use illicit drugs regarding the availability and effectiveness of drug treatment services. A total of 111 participants with illicit drug use experience were recruited from an inner city community in São Paulo, Brazil. Treatment services were considered to be essential and necessary by the majority of participants, whereas general hospitals and mental health services were considered to be the most highly available treatment options for illicit drug use. Participants also indicated that treatment led to positive changes in their lives, highlighting the importance of drug treatment services for promoting the rights and responsibilities of people who use illicit drugs. Results support the need for services that value and respect the fundamental rights of people who use illicit drugs. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(4), 28-37.].

Self-stigma, mentally ill persons and health services: An integrative review of literature.

Integrative review about self-stigma among people with mental illness and its relationship with health services. A total of 149 articles were found in four databases. After screening, 9 articles were selected for complete reading and data extraction. The studies identified that higher levels of self-stigma result in lower levels of adherence to treatment and that lower levels of self-stigma result in greater adherence to treatment. Active participation and engagement in the aspects of care facilitate the empowerment of people with mental illness for better adherence to treatment, reduction of self-stigma and increase of recovery possibilities.

General Beliefs and Stigma Regarding Illicit Drug Use: Perspectives of Family Members and Significant Others of Drug Users in an Inner City in Brazil.

People who use drugs are continuously subjected to harsh stigmatization through a process of relational and social degradation, which limits their possibility for recovery. This quantitative study explores the perspectives of family members or significant others of illicit drug users, regarding general beliefs about illicit drug use and their stigma. Respondents agree that most people do not trust people who use drugs, disregard individuals who have been hospitalized due to drug problems and do not think people who use drugs are as intelligent as the general population. These findings reveal a high level of public stigma regarding illicit drug use.

Validation of the Opening Minds Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC): Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version.

Stigma towards people with mental illness is also present among health professionals. The study validated and estimated the reliability, dimensionality and structure of the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC) scale in Brazil. In this methodological study, health professionals (n = 199) from Family Health Units in Brazil were recruited by convenience sampling. The EFA conducted with 16 items resulted in four factors. The Cronbach's Alpha for the OMS scale was 0.74, which is considered to reflect reasonable reliability. The data presented contribute to the use of the scale in studies that investigate the level of stigma among health professionals towards people with mental illness, as well as in the development of anti-stigma interventions in this context.

A situational analysis of primary health care centers in Brazil: challenges and opportunities for addressing mental illness and substance use-related stigma.

BACKGROUND: The detrimental impact of stigma toward people with mental illness and substance use problems (MISUP) is well documented. However, studies focusing on stigma reduction in Latin American primary health care (PHC) contexts are limited. This situational analysis incorporating a socioecological framework aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of MISUP-related stigma in PHC centers in Brazil. The objectives of this analysis are twofold: (1) to understand the current mental health and substance use service delivery context and (2) identify challenges and opportunities for addressing MISUP-related stigma in PHC centers in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. METHODS: Environmental scans of four Family Health Units were conducted in early 2018 to explore population needs and service delivery for individuals with MISUP. In addition, a symposium was organized in October 2018 to consult with diverse stakeholders and gather local perspectives about MISUP-related stigma conveyed in PHC settings. NVivo 12 software was used to conduct a thematic analysis of the qualitative data collected from the environmental scans and the symposium consultation. RESULTS: Themes identified at the national level in the socioecological framework indicate that political support for national policies related to reducing stigma is limited, particularly regarding social inclusion and the decentralization of mental health services. Themes at the regional, organizational, and interpersonal levels include insufficient mental health expertise and the limited involvement of those with lived experience in decision-making. Suggestions for stigma interventions were provided, including increased contact with individuals with lived experience outside of client-patient interactions, capacity building for professionals, and public education campaigns. CONCLUSION: Increased government support, capacity building, and promoting social inclusion will provide opportunities to reduce stigma and reach marginalized populations. These findings will assist with addressing current gaps in PHC mental health service provision and may inform anti-stigma strategies for Brazil and other Latin American low- and middle-income countries.

Health care providers and people with mental illness: An integrative review on anti-stigma interventions.

BACKGROUND: Health care providers are an important target group for anti-stigma interventions because they have the potential to convey stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness. This can have a detrimental impact on the quality and effectiveness of care provided to those affected by mental illness. AIMS AND METHODS: Whittemore & Knafl's integrative review method (2005) was used to analyze 16 studies investigating anti-stigma interventions targeting health care providers. RESULTS: The interventions predominantly involved contact-based educational approaches which ranged from training on mental health (typically short-term), showing videos or films (indirect social contact) to involving people with lived experiences of mental illness (direct social contact). A few studies focused on interventions involving educational strategies without social contact, such as mental health training (courses/modules), distance learning via the Internet, lectures, discussion groups, and simulations. One study investigated an online anti-stigma awareness-raising campaign that aimed to reduce stigmatizing attitudes among health care providers. CONCLUSION: Anti-stigma interventions that involve social contact between health care providers and people with mental illness, target specific mental illnesses and include long-term follow-up strategies seem to be the most promising at reducing stigma towards mental illness among health care providers.

Exercise of human rights of institutionalized persons: perception of psychiatric hospital professionals.

OBJECTIVE: to comprehend the existing possibilities for the exercise of human rights by persons with mental disorders who are institutionalized in a psychiatric hospital, from the perception of professionals. METHOD: this is a qualitative descriptive-exploratory study conducted at a Psychiatric Hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. For data obtention, eleven professionals responded to a semistructured questionnaire. The traditional content analysis proposed by Bardin based the data analysis. RESULTS: the professionals know the human rights and try to preserve them in the hospital scope, although they recognize that the persons hospitalized are not entirely respected due to the lack of public policies or their non-suitability to the Brazilian reality. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the structuring of extra-hospital services is necessary, as well as the comprehension of the professionals that act in psychiatric hospitals about the objectives and the functioning of such devices to assure opportunities of exercising rights by institutionalized persons.

Nursing and health advocacy: development process of an educational manual / Enfermería y defensa de la salud: proceso de elaboración de cartilla educativa / Enfermagem e a advocacia em saúde: processo de elaboração de cartilha educativa

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the development and validation of an educational manual for nurses on the practice of health advocacy in their professional experience. Method the method used to develop the manual was composed of three stages carried out from 2018 to 2020: an integrative review of studies published from 2010 to 2018, development of the content, and validation of the educational manual by experts. Results: based on the integrative literature review, 91 final articles related to the theme of advocacy in health and nursing were selected, which subsidized the definition of four themes: The meaning and fundamental elements for the practice of advocacy in nursing; Advocacy in teaching and the involvement of other care actors; Advocacy as a professional, moral, and ethical obligation; Advocacy about specific population groups. The themes contributed to the development of the educational manual content. After submission and validation by specialists, it was possible to define the layout, size, number of pages, and final design of the educational manual, which will be printed and handed out to nursing professionals and students, and made available online. Conclusions: the elaboration and validation of the manual help to build knowledge related to the professional practice of the nursing team and the exercise of advocacy in health.

RESUMEN Objetivo describir la elaboración y validación de una cartilla educativa para enfermeros sobre el ejercicio de la abogacía en salud en su práctica profesional. Método para la elaboración de la cartilla se utilizó el método compuesto de tres etapas realizadas de 2018 a 2020: revisión integradora de estudios publicados en el período de 2010 a 2018, construcción del contenido y valoración de la cartilla educativa por parte de especialistas. Resultados: a partir de la revisión bibliográfica integradora, se seleccionaron 91 artículos finales relacionados con el tema de la abogacía en salud y enfermería, que subvencionaron la definición de cuatro temas: Del significado y elementos fundamentales para la práctica de la abogacía en enfermería; La abogacía en la enseñanza y la participación de otros actores del cuidado; La abogacía como obligación profesional, moral y ética; La abogacía en relación con grupos de población específicos. Los temas contribuyeron a la construcción de los contenidos del folleto educativo. Tras la presentación y validación por parte de los expertos, se pudo definir la maquetación, el tamaño, el número de páginas y el diseño final del folleto educativo, que se imprimirá y distribuirá a los profesionales y estudiantes de enfermería, y estará disponible en línea. Conclusiones la elaboración y validación del cuaderno contribuye a la construcción de conocimientos relacionados con la práctica profesional del equipo de enfermería y el ejercicio de la abogacía en salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a elaboração e validação de uma cartilha educativa para enfermeiros sobre o exercício da advocacia em saúde em sua prática profissional. Método para a elaboração da cartilha foi utilizado o método composto de três etapas realizadas de 2018 a 2020: revisão integrativa de estudos publicados no período de 2010 a 2018, construção do conteúdo e validação da cartilha educativa por especialistas. Resultados com base na revisão integrativa de literatura, foram selecionados 91 artigos finais relacionados ao tema de advocacia em saúde e enfermagem e que subsidiaram a definição de quatro temas: Do sentido e elementos fundamentais para a prática de advocacia em enfermagem; Advocacia no ensino e o envolvimento de outros atores do cuidado; Advocacia como obrigação profissional, moral e ética; Advocacia com relação a grupos específicos da população. Os temas contribuíram para a construção dos conteúdos da cartilha educativa. Depois de realizar o envio e a validação por especialistas, foi possível definir a diagramação, dimensão, quantidade de páginas e o design final da cartilha educativa, que será impressa e distribuída aos profissionais e estudantes de enfermagem e disponibilizada online. Conclusões: a elaboração e validação da cartilha contribui para a construção de conhecimentos relacionados à prática profissional da equipe de enfermagem e o exercício da advocacia em saúde.

Exercise of human rights of institutionalized persons: perception of psychiatric hospital professionals / Ejercicio de los derechos humanos de personas institucionalizadas: percepción de profesionales de hospital psiquiátrico / Exercício dos direitos humanos de pessoas institucionalizadas: percepção de profissionais de hospital psiquiátrico

ABSTRACT Objective: to comprehend the existing possibilities for the exercise of human rights by persons with mental disorders who are institutionalized in a psychiatric hospital, from the perception of professionals. Method: this is a qualitative descriptive-exploratory study conducted at a Psychiatric Hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. For data obtention, eleven professionals responded to a semistructured questionnaire. The traditional content analysis proposed by Bardin based the data analysis. Results: the professionals know the human rights and try to preserve them in the hospital scope, although they recognize that the persons hospitalized are not entirely respected due to the lack of public policies or their non-suitability to the Brazilian reality. Final considerations: the structuring of extra-hospital services is necessary, as well as the comprehension of the professionals that act in psychiatric hospitals about the objectives and the functioning of such devices to assure opportunities of exercising rights by institutionalized persons.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender las posibilidades para el ejercício de los derechos humanos por personas con trastornos mentales institucionalizadas en un hospital psiquiátrico, a partir de la percepción de los profesionales. Método: estudio descriptivo-exploratório cualitativo, realizado en un Hospital Psiquiátrico del interior de São Paulo. Para la recolección de datos, once profesionales respondieron a un cuestionário semiestructurado. El análisis de contenido tradicional, propuesto por Bardin, embasó el análisis de datos. Resultados: los profesionales conocen los derechos humanos y buscan su ejercício en el ámbito hospitalário, además de reconoceren que las personas hospitalizadas no son totalmente respetadas, en razón de la falta de políticas públicas o de su no adecuación a la realidad brasileña. Consideraciones finales: es necesária la estructuración de los servicios extra hospitalares y la comprensión de los profesionales que están en los hospitales psiquiátricos sobre los objetivos y el funcionamento de estes dispositivos para asegurar oportunidades de ejercício de derechos por personas institucionalizadas.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as possibilidades existentes para o exercício dos direitos humanos por pessoas com transtornos mentais institucionalizadas em um hospital psiquiátrico, com base na percepção dos profissionais. Método: estudo descritivo-exploratório, qualitativo, realizado em um hospital psiquiátrico do interior de São Paulo. Para a obtenção dos dados, 11 profissionais responderam a um questionário semiestruturado. A análise de conteúdo tradicional, proposta por Bardin, fundamentou a análise dos dados. Resultados: os profissionais conhecem os direitos humanos e tentam preservá-los no âmbito hospitalar, embora reconheçam que as pessoas hospitalizadas não são totalmente respeitadas, em razão da falta ou inadequação de políticas públicas à realidade brasileira. Considerações finais: faz-se necessária a estruturação de serviços extra-hospitalares, além de maior compreensão dos profissionais atuantes nos hospitais psiquiátricos sobre os objetivos e o funcionamento desses dispositivos, a fim de assegurar oportunidades para que pessoas institucionalizadas exerçam seus direitos.

Saúde mental e atenção primária à saúde: agentes comunitários de saúde e a redução do estigma / Mental health and primary health care: community health agents and the reduction of stigma

Estigma com relação às pessoas com transtorno mental afeta a educação, emprego, acesso a cuidados, dificulta a capacidade de contribuição para a sociedade e funciona como barreira de acesso aos serviços de saúde, podendo afetar as chances de recuperação e reforçar atitudes e comportamentos negativos. A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) apresenta-se como local para incitar mudanças direcionadas ao estigma com relação às pessoas com transtorno mental, pois é um contexto que busca articular os desafios da Reforma Psiquiátrica com a responsabilização dos profissionais que atuam neste nível de atenção à saúde. Dessa forma, a integração entre saúde mental e APS pode cumprir papel importante na redução do estigma. Como membros das equipes de Saúde da Família (eSF), os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) são trabalhadores de saúde que facilitam a relação entre os serviços e os usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), pois pela proximidade que possuem com os usuários e famílias, desenvolvem comunicação interpessoal mais efetiva e com maior vínculo. No entanto, atitudes estigmatizantes com relação às pessoas com transtorno mental também existem entre os ACS. O objetivo do estudo foi construir, em conjunto com ACS, estratégias de redução de estigma com relação às pessoas com transtorno mental possíveis de implementação na APS. O estudo, descritivo-transversal e com abordagem mista de coleta de dados, foi desenvolvido com ACS de seis Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) do município de Ribeirão Preto (SP), no período de 2019 a 2023, em três etapas de coletas de dados: 1) Aplicação da escala Opening Minds Scale para profissionais de saúde (OMS-HC); 2) Entrevistas individuais; 3) Construção de estratégias de redução de estigma. Cada etapa contou com uma amostra de ACS (1ª - 88 ACS; 2ª - 44 ACS; 3ª - 29 ACS). Na primeira etapa foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados, e na segunda e terceira etapas, análise temática de Braun e Clarke. Com a combinação de diferentes fontes de coleta de dados, foi realizada a triangulação dos dados para a análise final. O estudo identificou que os ACS têm atitudes estigmatizantes, mas não em grau elevado. A percepção dos ACS com relação às pessoas com transtorno mental revelou aspectos ambivalentes, pois apesar da presença do estigma em algumas crenças e atitudes e da expectativa em maior resolubilidade dos casos, os ACS têm um olhar mais próximo das realidades e contextos de vida e se reconhecem como protagonistas do cuidado em saúde mental. As estratégias de redução de estigma elaboradas estão em conformidade com o modelo psicossocial preconizado pela Reforma Psiquiátrica, pois o foco está na busca do desenvolvimento de habilidades (por meio de cursos e capacitações) que proporcionem, não apenas aos ACS, mas às equipes de Saúde da Família (eSF), a ampliação do cuidado e, aos usuários, maior participação e integração aos serviços de saúde (por meio de atividades em grupo). Observa-se a importância de investir em formações que privilegiem, além do reforço das tecnologias leves, movimentos de desconstrução de crenças e práticas de cuidado reprodutoras de um modelo de atenção que contribui com o processo de estigmatização das pessoas com transtorno mental. Ainda, o fortalecimento de políticas de saúde mental, como o matriciamento, é essencial para oportunizar processos de transformação nas práticas de cuidado e maior articulação entre os serviços de saúde.

Stigma towards people with mental disorders affects education, employment, access to care, hinders their ability to contribute to society and acts as a barrier to accessing health services, which can affect the chances of recovery and reinforce negative attitudes and behaviors. Primary Health Care (PHC) presents itself as a place to stimulate changes aimed at stigma in relation to people with mental disorders, as it is a context that seeks to articulate the challenges of the Psychiatric Reform with the accountability of professionals who work at this level of healthcare. Thus, the integration between mental health and PHC can play an important role in reducing stigma. As members of the Family Health teams, the Community Health Workers (CHW) are health workers who facilitate the relationship between the services and users of the Unified Health System, and, because of the proximity they have with users and families, they develop more effective interpersonal communication and greater bonding. However, stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders also exist among CHW. The aim of the study was to build, together with the CHW, strategies to reduce stigma regarding people with mental disorders that could be implemented in PHC. This descriptive and cross-sectional study used a mixed approach to data collection, and was developed with CHW from six Family Health Units (FHU) in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP), from 2019 to 2023, in three stages of data collection: 1) Application of the Opening Minds Scale for health professionals (OMS-HC); 2) Individual interviews; 3) Construction of stigma reduction strategies. Each stage had a sample of CHW (1st - 88 CHW; 2nd - 44 CHW; 3rd - 29 CHW). In the first stage, a descriptive analysis of the data was carried out, and in the second and third stages, we used Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis. With the combination of different sources of data collection, data triangulation was performed for the final analysis. The study identified that the CHW have stigmatizing attitudes, but not to a high degree. The perception of the CHW in relation to people with mental disorders revealed ambivalent aspects, because despite the presence of stigma in some beliefs and attitudes and the expectation of greater resolution of cases, the CHW have a closer look at the realities and contexts of life and are recognized as protagonists of mental health care. The developed stigma reduction strategies are in line with the psychosocial model advocated by the Psychiatric Reform, as the focus is on seeking to develop skills (through courses and training) that provide, not only to the CHW, but to the Health teams of the Family, the expansion of care and, for users, greater participation and integration to health services (through group activities). Results reviewed the importance of investing in training that privileges, in addition to the reinforcement of light technologies, movements to deconstruct beliefs and care practices that reproduce a care model that contributes to the process of stigmatization of people with mental disorders. Furthermore, the strengthening of mental health policies, such as matrix support, is essential to provide opportunities for transformation processes in care practices and greater articulation between health services.

Direito à informação em saúde: uma revisão integrativa / Right to health information: an integrative review

Identificar, avaliar criticamente e sintetizar as evidências científicas relacionadas ao conhecimento de profissionais de saúde e usuários sobre direito à informação em saúde. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram selecionadas as bases de dados Hein Online, ISTA, Lilacs, LISA, PubMed e Web of Science para a identificação de estudos primários. Resultados: Um total de 6888 estudos foi identificado e, considerando os critérios de seleção, 15 estudos primários foram incluídos na revisão. As categorias temáticas desta revisão foram agrupadas de acordo com o conhecimento dos usuários sobre seu direito à informação e conhecimento dos profissionais sobre o direito à informação do usuário. Conclusões: Verifica-se a necessidade de capacitação de profissionais de saúde em relação ao direito dos usuários de serviços de saúde. Assim, a educação dos profissionais mostra-se como uma possibilidade de se fazer cumprir o direito à informação do paciente, melhorando a prática assistencial e, consequentemente, as condições de saúde das pessoas e o exercício de seus direitos. (AU)

To identify, critically evaluate and synthesize the scientific evidence related to the knowledge of health professionals and users about the right to health information. Methodology: Integrative literature review with the goal The databases Hein Online, ISTA, Lilacs, LISA, PubMed and Web of Science were selected for the identification of primary studies. Results: A total of 6888 studies were identified and, considering the selection criteria, 15 primary studies were included in the review. The thematic categories of this review were grouped according to the users' knowledge about their right to information and knowledge of the professionals about the right to information of the user. Conclusions: There is a need to train health professionals in relation to the right of health service users. Thus, the education of professionals is considered a possibility to enforce the right to information of the patient, improving the practice of care and, consequently, the health conditions of people and the exercise of their rights. (AU)

Identificar, evaluar críticamente y sintetizar las evidencias científicas relacionadas al conocimiento de profesionales de salud y usuarios sobre derecho a la información en salud. Metodología: Revisión integrativa de la literatura. Se seleccionaron las bases de datos Hein Online, ISTA, Lilacs, LISA, PubMed y Web of Science para la identificación de estudios primarios. Resultados: Un total de 6888 estudios fue identificado y, considerando los criterios de selección, 15 estudios primarios fueron incluidos en la revisión. Las categorías temáticas de esta revisión fueron agrupadas de acuerdo con el conocimiento de los usuarios sobre su derecho a la información y conocimiento de los profesionales sobre el derecho a la información del usuario. Conclusiones: Se verifica la necesidad de capacitación de profesionales de salud en relación al derecho de los usuarios de servicios de salud. Así, la educación de los profesionales se muestra como una posibilidad de hacer cumplir el derecho a la información del paciente, mejorando la práctica asistencial y, consecuentemente, las condiciones de salud de las personas y el ejercicio de sus derechos. (AU)

Velhice institucionalizada em tempos pós-modernos: a identidade em universo paralelo? / Old age institutionalized in postmodern times: the identity in parallel universe? / Vejez institucionalizada en tiempos post-modernos: la identidad en universo paralelo?

Objetivos: compreender a experiência subjetiva de idosos diante de sua institucionalização bem como a percepção de sua identidade na sociedade pós-moderna. Método: estudo qualitativo com utilização da observação participante, entrevista semiestruturada e diário de campo, para a produção dos dados. Participaram cinco idosos residentes de uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI). Os dados foram analisados a partir dos quatro passos fenomenológicos de Martins e Bicudo. Resultados: emergiram três categorias: Institucionalizado estou: vivendo eu vou, refere-se ao processo de institucionalização do idoso; Resgatando da memória, na qual foram resgatados o trabalho e a identidade de trabalhador e as relações e recordações de um tempo sem volta; e A identidade revisitada, assumindo o mundo interior dos idosos e o contato com a própria realidade, identificando a revisão da identidade. Conclusão: os resultados suscitaram a possibilidade de reconstruções de identidades na velhice institucionalizada, mesmo com os impactos provenientes deste contexto.(AU)

Objectives: to understand the subjective experience of the elderly before their institutionalization as well as the perception of their identity in the postmodern society. Method: a qualitative study using participant observation, semi-structured interviews and field diary, for the production of data. Five elderly residents of a long-stay institution for the elderly (ILPI) participated in the study. Data were analyzed from four phenomenological steps of Martisns and Bicudo. Results: three categories emerged: I am institutionalized: I am living, refers to the elderly institutionalization process; Rescuing memory, which was rescued labor and worker identity and relationships and memories of a time of no return; and The revisited identity, assuming the inner world of the elderly and the contact with the reality, identifying the revision of identity. Conclusion: the results showed the possibility of (re) construction of identities in the institutionalized elderly, despite the impacts from this context.(AU)

Objetivos: comprender la experiencia subjetiva de ancianos frente a su institucionalización así como la percepción de su identidad en la sociedad post-moderna. Método: estudio cualitativo con utilización de la observación participante, entrevista semi-estructurada y diario de campo, para la producción de los datos. Participaron cinco ancianos residentes de una Institución de Larga Permanencia para Ancianos (ILPI). Los datos fueron analizados a partir de los cuatro pasos fenomenológicos de Martins y Bicudo. Resultados: surgieron tres categorías: Institucionalizado estoy: viviendo yo voy, se refiere al proceso de institucionalización del anciano; Rescatando de la memoria, en la cual fueron rescatados el trabajo y la identidad de trabajador y las relaciones y recordaciones de un tiempo sin vuelta; y La identidad revisitada, asumiendo el mundo interior de los ancianos y el contacto con la propia realidad, identificando la revisión de la identidad. Conclusión: los resultados mostraron la posibilidad de (re)construcciones de identidades en la vejez institucionalizada, mismo con los impactos provenientes de este contexto.(AU)

Opening Minds Scale for health care providers (OMS-HC): adaptação cultural para o Brasil / Opening Minds Scale for health care providers (OMS-HC): cultural adaptation to Brazil

Introdução: o estigma com relação aos transtornos mentais atinge pessoas de todas as idades, culturas e condições socioeconômicas, funciona como barreira de acesso aos serviços de saúde, pode afetar seriamente as chances de recuperação e reforçar atitudes e comportamentos negativos com relação às pessoas com transtorno mental. Os profissionais de saúde não são menos suscetíveis do que o público em geral quanto às crenças e comportamentos estigmatizantes com relação às pessoas com transtorno mental, pois são expostos a processos de socialização que podem levar à internalização de atitudes estigmatizantes e discriminatórias. A "Opening Minds Scale for health care providers (OMS-HC)" busca medir o estigma de profissionais de saúde com relação às pessoas com transtorno mental. Objetivo: adaptar culturalmente a OMS-HC para uso no Brasil em uma amostra de profissionais de saúde de Atenção Primária. Método: estudo metodológico aprovado pela Secretaria Municipal da Saúde de Ribeirão Preto e pelo Comitê de Ética da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto. O processo de adaptação cultural ocorreu por meio de tradução da escala original, avaliação e síntese da tradução pelo comitê de juízes, retrotradução e pré-teste. O pré-teste foi realizado no período de julho a agosto de 2018, em sete Unidades de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto. Participaram do estudo 40 profissionais de saúde (enfermeiros, auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem, médicos, dentistas, auxiliares e técnicos bucal, farmacêuticos e auxiliares de farmácia). A OMS-HC é uma escala de auto-relato e consiste de uma série de itens, cada um com uma sequência equilibrada de resposta de valor: concordo totalmente, concordo, nem concordo nem discordo, discordo, discordo totalmente; sendo que para cada item é atribuída pontuação de 1 a 5. A OMS-HC mede cinco dimensões relacionadas ao estigma: Recuperação; Responsabilidade Social; Distância Social; Outros conceitos (periculosidade, obscurecimento de diagnóstico); e Divulgação. Resultados: o processo de adaptação cultural ocorreu sem intercorrências significativas, as alterações decorrentes das traduções e avaliações foram, de forma geral, pontuais e relacionaram-se à substituição de algumas palavras por outros sinônimos para melhor adaptação. Os participantes, no pré-teste, eram 80% do sexo feminino e 20% do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 43,6 anos. A média do tempo de formação foi de 16,5 anos e, em relação à especialidade, dos 40 profissionais de saúde, 52,5% tinham alguma especialidade e 47,5% não tinham. A média do tempo de atuação profissional foi de 18,2 anos. Houve prevalência (65%) de profissionais da Enfermagem (enfermeiros, auxiliares e técnicos em enfermagem). A prevalência da ocupação dos profissionais das Unidades foi de auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem (37.5%), seguidos de enfermeiros (15%). A média do tempo de atuação na Unidade de Saúde foi de 5,2 anos. O tempo de aplicação da escala foi, para 82.5% dos profissionais de saúde, de 04 a 10 minutos. Com relação à aplicabilidade e compreensão dos itens, os profissionais relataram que a escala é muito "generalizada", pois o termo "transtorno mental", sem especificação, abrange experiências diversificadas na saúde mental. O alfa de Cronbach, no pré-teste, foi de 0,74 (consistência interna satisfatória). Considerações finais: a versão brasileira da OMS-HC apresentou linguagem adequada ao contexto brasileiro, de fácil aplicação, com formato adequado para uso, entendimento apropriado e consistência em relação à versão original. A versão brasileira da OMSHC encontra-se apropriada para o desenvolvimento de estudo para avaliação de suas propriedades psicométricas

Introduction: stigma towards mental illness reaches people of all ages, cultures and socioeconomic conditions, acts as a barrier of access to health services, can seriously affect the chances of recovery and reinforce attitudes and negative behaviors towards people with mental illness. Health professionals are no less susceptible than the general public to stigmatizing beliefs and behaviors toward people with mental illness, as they are exposed to socialization processes which may lead to the internalization of stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes. The "Opening Minds Scale for health care providers (OMS-HC)" seeks to measure the stigma of health professionals towards people with mental illness. Objective: to culturally adapt the OMS-HC for use in Brazil in a sample of Primary health care professionals. Method: a methodological study approved by the Municipal Health Department of Ribeirão Preto and by the Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing. The process of cultural adaptation occurred through translation of the original instrument, evaluation and synthesis of the translation by the Judges Committee, backtranslation and pre-test. The pre-test was performed in the period from July to August of 2018, in seven Health Centres of the city of Ribeirão Preto. 40 health professionals (nurses, nursing assistants and technicians, doctors, dentists, oral assistants and technicians, pharmacists and pharmacy assistants) participated in the study. The OMS-HC is a self-report scale and consists of a series of items, each with a balanced sequence of value responses: I totally agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, totally disagree; and for each item scores vary from 1 to 5. OMS-HC measures five dimensions related to stigma: Recovery; Social responsability; Social Distance; Other concepts (dangerousness, diagnostic overshadowing); and Disclosure. Results: the cultural adaptation process occurred without significant intercurrences, the changes resulting from the translations and evaluations were, in general, specific and related to the changes of some words by other synonyms for better adaptation. The participants, in the pre-test, were 80% female and 20% male, with an average age of 43.6 years. The average training time was 16.5 years and, in relation to the specialty, of the 40 health professionals, 52.5% had some specialty and 47.5% did not. The average time of professional practice was 18.2 years. There was a prevalence (65%) of nursing professionals (nurses, nursing assistants and technicians). The prevalence of occupations within the Units was of nursing assistants and technicians (37.5%), followed by nurses (15%). The average practice time at the Health Unit was of 5.2 years. The time of application of the scale was, for 82.5% of health professionals, from 04 to 10 minutes. Regarding the applicability and understanding of the items, professionals reported that the instrument is very "general", as the term "mental illness", without specification, encompasses diverse experiences in mental health. Cronbach's alpha, in the pre-test, was 0.74 (satisfactory internal consistency). Final considerations: the Brazilian version of the OMS-HC presented adequate language to the Brazilian context, easy to apply, with adequate format for use, appropriate understanding and consistency in relation to the original version. The Brazilian version of OMS-HC is suitable for the development of a study to evaluate its psychometric properties