Temperature and salinity vertical profiles (CTD) data in the Ría de Vigo and adjacent shelf collected in the Radiales program, 1987-2020.

The Galician rías and their adjacent continental shelf form part of the northern boundary of the Canary Current upwelling system (CanCUS), one of the world's major eastern boundary upwelling ecosystems (EBUEs). During summer, prevailing northerly winds export surface water offshore, allowing deeper, cooler, nutrient-rich water to rise, creating a fertilizing effect on coastal waters that support valuable fisheries and aquaculture economy. This data article describes a time series of hydrographic data collected on a biweekly to monthly frequency from August 1987 to September 2020 in the interior of the Ría de Vigo (one of the aforementioned Galician rías) and its adjacent shelf. This monitoring effort results in the longest sampling series in the area up to 2020, providing high value for understanding the connectivity processes between the coastal embayment and the adjacent shelf, changes in ocean climate, as well as ecosystem structure and functioning. Data were collected with vertical pressure, temperature and conductivity profilers, varying the profiler instrument over time (MARK III, SBE 9 Plus, SBE 19, SBE 25). Data were collected at four stations with depths ranging from 29 m to 148 m, although only two of these stations cover the full temporal range of the monitoring program. Due to the temporal extent of the sampling, the data have been processed with different techniques and by different technicians throughout the duration of the monitoring program. To ensure data consistency and increase data reusability, all data have been now reprocessed under the same criteria, quality-controlled, and unified in this dataset. The dataset in both MedAtlas SeaDataNet ASCII and CF-compliant netcdf formats are available via SEANOE repository at: https://www.seanoe.org/data/00828/94008/.

Pertussis in Mexico from 2000 to 2019: A real-world study of incidence, vaccination coverage, and vaccine effectiveness.

BACKGROUND: The national immunization program in Mexico includes a 3-dose primary series of pertussis vaccine and a toddler booster dose. In Mexico, whole-cell pertussis vaccines (wP) were switched in 2007 to acellular pertussis vaccines (aP). METHODS: This retrospective study using Mexican National Databases of Health and population surveillance (2000-2019) assessed the incidence of pertussis, infant pertussis vaccination coverage, and vaccine effectiveness (VE) against clinically-diagnosed and/or laboratory-confirmed pertussis in children aged 6.5-18.5 or 24.5 months for the primary series, and children aged 18.5 or 24.5-48.5 months for the toddler booster. RESULTS: The incidence of pertussis sharply increased in 2012 and was highest in 2012, 2015, and 2016 (0.84-0.94/100,000 person-years). Coverage was highest for the first dose in the primary series, decreasing for each subsequent dose. The VE against notified pertussis was 96.4% (95% CI: 94.7, 97.6) for the first three doses of wP vaccine (2000-2007) and 95.7% (95% CI: 95.1, 96.2) for the first three doses of aP vaccine (2008-2019). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested high levels of vaccine effectiveness overall were achieved for the aP and wP vaccines in Mexico between 2000 and 2019.

Burden of disease and associated complications of hepatitis a in children and adults in Mexico: A retrospective database study.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is a leading cause of viral hepatitis in children, yet the HAV vaccine is not included in the national immunization program (NIP) in Mexico. This study addresses an identified evidence gap of the burden of hepatitis A disease, complications, and associated costs in Mexico by analyzing surveillance and healthcare data. Data review included disease morbidity (incidence and hospitalization), mortality, and healthcare resource utilization costs. METHODS: In this observational, retrospective database study, we conducted a systematic screening, extraction, and analysis of outcome data from the national surveillance system in Mexico from January 2000 to December 2019. RESULTS: During the analysis period (2000-2019), the average incidence rate/year of HAV cases was 14.7 (5.4-21.5) per 100,000 inhabitants. Children 1-9 years of age (YoA) had the highest average incidence rate/year with 47.8 (14.7-74.5). The average hospitalization rate/year due to HAV infection was 5.8% (2.9-9.6%). Although the highest burden of HAV continued to be in children (1-9 YoA), an increase in incidence and hospitalizations (with complications) in older age groups (≥ 10-64 YoA) was observed. The annual average fatality rate was estimated to be 0.44% (0.26-0.83%) of which 28.8% of deaths were concentrated in adults ≥ 65 YoA. The total direct costs of medical attention due to HAV and related complications were estimated at $382 million Mexican pesos. CONCLUSION: The overall results suggest an uptrend in HAV infections in adolescents/adults compared to children in Mexico. Therefore, as the overall incidence risk of HAV infection decreases, the mean age of infection increases. This consequently increases the risk of severity and complications in older age groups, thus increasing the demand for healthcare resources. Our findings provide evidence for including the inactivated HAV vaccine in the Mexican NIP.

Pertussis infant morbidity and mortality trends after universal maternal immunisation in Mexico: An ecological database study with time-series analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Pertussis is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis and a leading cause of infant mortality in Mexico. The Tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine was recommended in the Mexican Immunisation Programme for pregnant women in 2013. We describe pertussis morbidity and mortality trends in infants ≤2 and ≤12 months of age), before and after maternal Tdap immunisation implementation in Mexico. METHODS: An ecological retrospective database study was performed in the Mexican National and Workers Social Security Institutes (IMSS; ISSSTE). Data were collected on confirmed pertussis ambulatory cases, hospitalisations, and deaths, plus vaccination coverage (Tdap; Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis [DTPa]) and population estimates. Descriptive and regression time-trend analyses were performed for pertussis morbidity and mortality in infants between pre- (2010-2012) and post- (2014-2018) maternal Tdap immunisation periods. RESULTS: Around 1 million infants a year are covered in IMSS/ISSSTE databases. Average full primary infant DTPa vaccine coverage was 71.4%-72.7% nationally. Since 2013, annual maternal Tdap vaccine coverage ranged from 70%-93%. Between 2010-2018, 2,024 pertussis cases, 2,518 hospitalisations and 71 deaths were reported in infants. Among infants 0-2 months old (maternal immunisation target group), there was a significant decrease, post-maternal vaccination, in pertussis incidence (49.9%, p < 0.000), hospitalisation (70.0%, p < 0.000) and mortality (82.4%, p = 0.003). In infants 0-12 months old, pertussis hospitalisations (28.9%, p = 0.000) and mortality (36.2%, p = 0.059) decreased, but incidence increased (61.8%, p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: After maternal immunisation was implemented, there was a decreasing trend in incidence, hospitalisation and death due to pertussis in infants 0-2 months old. Increases in incidence reported in 0-12-month-olds are likely due to major changes in diagnosis and reporting introduced during the study period as well as limited vaccination and health coverage in some states. These findings confirm the important contribution of the Tdap maternal immunisation programme in reducing pertussis disease burden, particularly severe disease, among infants in Mexico.

Vaccine coverage and compliance in Mexico with the two-dose and three-dose rotavirus vaccines.

Worldwide, rotavirus infection has been a leading cause of severe diarrhea morbidity and mortality. Two rotavirus vaccines have been used in the National Immunization Program (NIP) in Mexico; two-dose Rotarix from 2006 to 2011 and three-dose RotaTeq since 2011. This study assessed coverage (receiving at least one dose or full dose series) in eligible infants, compliance (% completing dose series and % completing series on schedule) in eligible infants vaccinated with Rotarix (2010) versus RotaTeq (2012), using Mexican Social Security Institute data nationwide and by regions. In 2010, 80.7% received at least one dose of Rotarix, 75.6% received both doses and 57.0% received both doses on schedule. In 2012, 85.7% received at least one dose of RotaTeq, 61.0% received all three doses and 43.2% received all three doses on schedule. More eligible infants received all doses with Rotarix versus RotaTeq (p < 0.001). Among infants vaccinated with Rotarix versus RotaTeq, 93.7% versus 71.1% completed full series (p < 0.001), and 75.5% versus 70.9% completed full series on schedule (p = 0.105), respectively. The full series coverage and compliance decreased in all regions with RotaTeq compared with Rotarix. In conclusion, rotavirus vaccination has successfully reduced morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years in Mexico. This study found significant differences in full series coverage and compliance among infants and a higher proportion of completed scheduled at an earlier age in Mexico when comparing a two-dose vaccine in 2010 with a three-dose vaccine in 2012. Such differences might need to be taken into consideration to maximize NIP benefits, including early protection of the rotavirus vaccination program.

Comparison between the EX-PRESS P-50 implant and trabeculectomy in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the EX-PRESS P-50 implant compared to standard trabeculectomy (TBC). METHODS: Single-center prospective randomized study; 20 eyes of 20 patients were treated with the EX-PRESS P-50 implant, and 20 eyes of 20 patients with TBC, over a 19-month period. Records of all patients were reviewed and compared. Success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) <21 and >5 mmHg or a decrease of 30% of IOP. Failure was defined as >21 mmHg or decline in visual acuity. Statistical analysis was made with Student's t-test and χ (2) test analyzed with SPSS version 13.0. RESULTS: The average follow-up was 8.6 months (±4.9 months) for the EX-PRESS P-50 group and 9.6 months (±5.3 months) for the TBC group. The postoperative visual acuity and IOP were not significantly different. We report more complications in the EX-PRESS P-50 group. At 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up, the control group was found to be free of complications, whereas multiple complications were observed in the EX-PRESS P-50 group at 3 and 6 months follow-up. We found no differences in either group with respect to success. CONCLUSION: Both procedures are equally effective for the treatment of glaucoma, with 80% success in the EX-PRESS P-50 group and 72.7% in the control group.

Morbidity and mortality of pneumonia in adults in six Latin American countries.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the morbidity and mortality of pneumonia in adults over 50 years of age in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela. METHODS: Local data sources were queried to estimate the number of hospitalized and outpatient pneumonia cases and deaths in the year 2009. Pneumonia cases were identified in adults aged ≥50 years using ICD-10 codes. The hospital case fatality rate (HCFR) by age corresponds to the percentage of mortality per hospitalization. RESULTS: Cases of hospitalized pneumonia (incidence per 100 000 inhabitants/year) in adults ≥50 years were: Argentina 39 674 (401.1); Brazil 225 341 (611.6); Chile 30 434 (738.5); Colombia 26 955 (326.6); Mexico 82 397 (413.1); Venezuela 31 601 (640.1). The number of hospital deaths (CFR%) were: Argentina 5099 (13%); Brazil 47 287 (21%); Chile 3072 (10%); Colombia 2981 (11%); Mexico 13 312 (16%); Venezuela 11 101 (35%). Cases of outpatient pneumonia (incidence per 100 000 inhabitants/year) were: Argentina 54 093 (546.8); Brazil 260 277 (706.4); Chile 33 173 (804.9); Colombia 27 713 (335.8); Mexico 83 354 (417.9); Venezuela 39 645 (803.0). The percentage of episodes treated as outpatient was 64% (range 57-80%) among those aged 50-64 years and 39% (range 8-56%) among those ≥85 years. Across countries, 51% of hospitalizations (range 42-63%) and 69% of deaths (range 65-72%) were in adults ≥75 years. CONCLUSIONS: Pneumonia is a common cause of hospitalization and mortality in adults in Latin America. Incidence increases substantially with increasing age, as does the likelihood of hospitalization and mortality.

Manejo de las fracturas del paciente politraumatizado en el Hospital Universitario del Valle

Se presenta un estudio descriptivo-prospectivo donde se evalúa el manejo de los pacientes con trauma múltiple atendidos en el Hospital Universitario del Valle en el período comprendido entre Julio 1 de 1992 a diciembre 31 de 1993. Los pacientes, en total 152, fueron divididos en 2 grupos así: Grupo A: 130 pacientes, a quienes se les realizó una estabilización temprana de la fractura de huesos largos y de la pelvis, en las primeras 24 horas posteriores al trauma; y Grupo B: 22 pacientes, a quienes no se les realizó éste manejo por alguna razón no médica. Nuestro trabajo demuestra la importancia de un manejo temprano, agresivo y multidisciplinario de los pacientes politraumatizados, al encontrarse que el grupo que recibió éste menejo tuvo una morbimortalidad más baja respecto al grupo de pacientes en los cuales le fué diferido el manejo de sus fracturas. Con base en los resultados obtenidos nos permitimos recomendar e implementar éste manejo en los centros hospitalarios que a diario se ven enfrentados a ésta compleja patología