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PURPOSE: This study aimed to establish the normal values for knee patellofemoral alignment as measured using 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT), to standardize the technique, and to show the inter- and intra-observer reliability of this measurement. METHODS: The present study included 62 asymptomatic volunteers (124 knees). 3D CT scanning was performed with each volunteer in the supine position with 15° of knee flexion, and consistent 3D axial images of the patellofemoral joint were obtained with alignment in the desired stereographic baseline direction in anterior-posterior, lateral, and axial rotations. Two independent observers measured patellofemoral alignment parameters, including the sulcus angle, congruence angle, lateral patellofemoral angle, condyle-patellar angle, and lateral trochlear inclination angle. RESULTS: Based on 3D CT measurement, the mean values of the parameters were 145.9° ± 9.2° for the sulcus angle, 12.6° ± 22.6° for the congruence angle, 9.2° ± 4.6° for the lateral patellofemoral angle, 14.1° ± 6.4° for the condyle-patellar (lateral facets) angle, - 8.5° ± 8.4° for condyle-patellar (patellar axis) angle, and 16.5° ± 6.3° for the lateral trochlear inclination angle. A statistically significant difference was observed between men and women in the sulcus and condyle-patellar (patellar axis) angles (p = 0.045, 0.011, respectively). All parameters showed excellent inter- and intra-observer reliability. CONCLUSION: The normal values and ranges for patellofemoral alignment parameters were evaluated using 3D CT. The results of this study provide reference information that may facilitate diagnosis and treatment planning of patellofemoral disorders in skeletally mature non-pathologic patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.
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Rótula , Articulación Patelofemoral , Femenino , Humanos , Articulación de la Rodilla , Masculino , Articulación Patelofemoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) has been used historically in traditional Asian medicine and is known to have a variety of biological effects. However, the specific active compounds responsible for the individual pharmacological effects of Bidens pilosa L. (B. pilosa) extract have not yet been made clear. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory phytochemicals obtained from B. pilosa. We isolated a flavonoids-type phytochemical, isookanin, from B. pilosa through bioassay-guided fractionation based on its capacity to inhibit inflammation. Some of isookanin's biological properties have been reported; however, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of isookanin has not yet been studied. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of isookanin using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. We have shown that isookanin reduces the production of proinflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2) by inhibiting the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Isookanin also inhibited the expression of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and downregulated the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in the MAPK signaling pathway. Additionally, isookanin inhibited proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß)) in LPS-induced THP-1 cells. These results demonstrate that isookanin could be a potential therapeutic candidate for inflammatory disease.
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Antiinflamatorios , Bidens/química , Bioensayo , Chalconas , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Chalconas/química , Chalconas/aislamiento & purificación , Chalconas/farmacología , Humanos , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/patología , Ratones , Monocinas/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Células THP-1RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Camellia japonica L. (Theaceae) is an evergreen shrub, which is cultivated as a popular ornamental tree in Korea, China, and Japan and its seeds have been used as a source of cooking oil, in cosmetics and as a traditional medicine. Intensive phytochemical works have revealed that oleanane-type saponins are the characteristic compounds of the seeds of C. japonica. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study is to isolate and determine oleanane-type saponins from C. japonica using high-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) coupled with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and spectroscopic evidences, respectively. METHODOLOGY: HPLC electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS) was applied to profile the saponin composition of an enriched saponin extract of C. japonica seeds. The enriched saponin extract was separated by HPCCC using a dichloromethane/methanol/isopropanol/water (9:6:1:4, v/v/v/v) system and RP-HPLC. The structures of the isolates were determined utilising ESI-Q-TOF-MS, one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR and optical rotation. RESULTS: HPCCC on enriched saponin extract of C. japonica yielded four saponin fractions in the order of the number of sugars attached to the triterpene aglycone, and preparative RP-HPLC on each saponin fraction led to the isolation of nine novel saponins, namely camoreoside A-I, along with six known ones. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that combination of HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS analysis and HPCCC coupled with RP-HPLC are excellent tools for discovering saponins from natural sources.
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Camellia/embriología , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Cromatografía de Fase Inversa/métodos , Distribución en Contracorriente/métodos , Saponinas/aislamiento & purificación , Semillas/química , Triterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/química , Espectroscopía de Protones por Resonancia Magnética , Saponinas/química , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Triterpenos/químicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To suggest different ultrasound-guided steroid injection (USI) techniques based on anatomical variations of the first extensor compartment (FEC), and to evaluate the usefulness of it, in patients with de Quervain's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight patients who underwent USI for de Quervain's disease were included. Anatomical variations were classified into complete sub-compartmentalization (n = 11), distal incomplete sub-compartmentalization (n = 5), and no sub-compartmentalization (n = 12) on ultrasound. Involved sub-compartments were recorded in patients with complete sub-compartmentalization. USIs were performed based on the anatomical variations: in both sub-compartments (n = 2) or only in the affected sub-compartment (n = 9) depending on the location of tenosynovitis involvement, in patients with complete sub-compartmentalization; in proximal FEC in patients with distal incomplete sub-compartmentalization (n = 5); in the common compartment in patients with no sub-compartmentalization (n = 12). Medical charts were retrospectively reviewed for evaluation of clinical outcome at follow-up visits. RESULTS: Twenty-three out of 28 patients were followed up with a mean period of 31.2 days after injection (6~87 days). Mean VAS was 7.96 before injection (range: 4 to 10), which was significantly reduced to 0.65 at rest and 1.57 during activity at follow-up visits (p < 0.05). Twenty-two out of 23 patients were satisfied with the results. The mean proportion of subjective pain reduction was 82.0% (median 95%). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided steroid injections using different injection techniques based on the anatomical variations of the FEC have shown to be beneficial in the management of de Quervain's disease.
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Enfermedad de De Quervain/tratamiento farmacológico , Inyecciones Intraarticulares/métodos , Esteroides/administración & dosificación , Ultrasonografía Intervencional/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad de De Quervain/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Dimensión del Dolor , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tenosinovitis/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic performance (DP) of 3T (3 Tesla field strength) conventional shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) tears in association with rotator cuff tendon tears. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 80 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for rotator cuff tendon tears. Two radiologists independently evaluated the preoperative 3T shoulder MRI for the presence of LHBT tears. The DP of MRI was evaluated using the results of arthroscopy as the reference standard. We also evaluated the DP of several MR signs of LHBT in detection of partial LHBT tears. RESULTS: Arthroscopic examination revealed 35 partial and 5 complete tears. According to the results of evaluation by reviewers 1 and 2, shoulder MRI exhibited sensitivities of 77.14 and 80 % and specificities of 71.11 and 73.33 % in detection of partial LHBT tears and sensitivities of 80 and 100 % and a specificity of 100% (both) in detection of complete LHBT tears. In detecting partial LHBT tears, increased T2 signal intensity of the LHBT exhibited high sensitivities (reviewers 1 and 2; 82.85 and 80 %, respectively) and the presence of intratendinous defects or C-signs exhibited the highest specificities (reviewers 1 and 2; 95.55 and 93.33 %, respectively), followed by abnormalities in shape and outer margins of the LHBT (reviewers 1 and 2; 91.11 and 82 %; 91.11 and 86.66 %, respectively). CONCLUSION: Non-contrast-enhanced 3T shoulder MRI is potentially highly accurate in detection of complete LHBT tears, but moderately accurate in detection of partial LHBT tears.
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Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Lesiones del Manguito de los Rotadores/diagnóstico por imagen , Hombro/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Artroscopía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Lesiones del Manguito de los Rotadores/cirugía , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Articulación del Hombro/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to compare the multiacquisition variable-resonance image combination selective (MAVRIC SL) sequence with the 2D fast spin-echo (FSE) sequence for metal artifact reduction on 3-T MRI in patients with hip arthroplasty (HA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Matched 2D FSE and MAVRIC SL images of 21 hips (19 patients with HA) were included in the study group. Paired image sets, composed of 13 coronal and 12 axial slices (total, 25 image sets), of the 21 hips were evaluated. For quantitative analysis, the artifact area was measured at the level of the hip and femur. For qualitative analysis, two musculoskeletal radiologists independently compared paired 2D FSE and MAVRIC SL sets in terms of artifacts, depiction of anatomic detail, level of diagnostic confidence, and detection of abnormal findings. RESULTS: The measured artifact area was significantly smaller (p < 0.05) on MAVRIC SL than 2D FSE at both the level of hip (59.9% reduction with MAVRIC SL) and femur (31.3% reduction with MAVRIC SL). The artifact score was also significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) with MAVRIC SL compared with 2D FSE for both reviewers. The hip joint capsule and the muscle and tendon attachment sites of the obturator externus and iliopsoas muscles were better depicted with MAVRIC SL than 2D FSE (p < 0.0125). Abnormal findings were significantly better shown on MAVRIC SL imaging compared with 2D FSE imaging (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The MAVRIC SL sequence can significantly reduce metal artifact on 3-T MRI compared with the 2D FSE sequence and can increase diagnostic confidence of 3-T MRI in patients with total HA.
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Algoritmos , Artefactos , Prótesis de Cadera , Aumento de la Imagen/métodos , Interpretación de Imagen Asistida por Computador/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Metales , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
High-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) with electrospray light-scattering detection was applied for the first time to isolate a spirostanol and a novel furostanol saponin from Liriope platyphylla. Due to the large differences in KD values between the two compounds, a two-step HPCCC method was applied in this study. The primary HPCCC employed methylene chloride/methanol/isopropanol/water (9:6:1:4 v/v, 4 mL/min, normal-phase mode) conditions to yield a spirostanol saponin (1). After the primary HPCCC run, the solute retained in the stationary phase (SP extract) in HPCCC column was recovered and subjected to the second HPCCC on the n-hexane/n-butanol/water system (1:9:10 v/v, 5 mL/min, reversed-phase mode) to yield a novel furostanol saponin (2). The isolated spirostanol saponin was determined to be 25(S)-ruscogenin 1-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl (1â2)-[ß-D-xylopyranosyl (1â3)]-ß-D-fucopyranoside (spicatoside A), and the novel furostanol saponin was elucidated to be 26-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-25(S)-furost-5(6)-ene-1ß-3ß-22α-26-tetraol-1-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl (1â2)-[ß-D-xylopyranosyl-(1â3)]-ß-D-fucopyranoside (spicatoside D).
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Distribución en Contracorriente/métodos , Liriope (Planta)/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Saponinas/aislamiento & purificación , Esteroides/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Saponinas/análisis , Esteroides/análisisRESUMEN
This study describes the rapid separation of mulberry anthocyanins; namely, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside, using high-performance countercurrent chromatography, and the establishment of a volumetric scale-up process from semi-preparative to preparative-scale. To optimize the separation parameters, biphasic solvent systems composed of tert-butyl methyl ether/n-butanol/acetonitrile/0.01% trifluoroacetic acid, flow rate, sample amount and rotational speed were evaluated for the semi-preparative-scale high-performance countercurrent chromatography. The optimized semi-preparative-scale high-performance countercurrent chromatography parameters (tert-butyl methyl ether/n-butanol/acetonitrile/0.01% trifluoroacetic acid, 1:3:1:5, v/v; flow rate, 4.0 mL/min; sample amount, 200-1000 mg; rotational speed, 1600 rpm) were transferred directly to a preparative-scale (tert-butyl methyl ether/n-butanol/acetonitrile/0.01% trifluoroacetic acid, 1:3:1:5, v/v; flow rate, 28 mL/min; sample amount, 5.0-10.0 g; rotational speed, 1400 rpm) to achieve separation results identical to cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside. The separation of mulberry anthocyanins using semi-preparative high-performance countercurrent chromatography and its volumetric scale-up to preparative-scale was addressed for the first time in this report.
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Antocianinas/aislamiento & purificación , Distribución en Contracorriente/métodos , Glucósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Morus/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta PresiónRESUMEN
Anisotropic charge transport: Single-crystal organic field-effect transistor devices derived from aggregates of thiophene-appended porphyrins display very high mobility (0.27â cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)). This behavior is due to staircase stacking of the porphyrins with distances between layers of 3.17(7)â Å. Furthermore, the charge-transport behavior is anisotropic owing to an anisotropic molecular arrangement in the single-crystal microplates.
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PURPOSE: To demonstrate the usefulness of ultrasonography (US) in the detection of anatomic variations in the first extensor compartment of the wrist in patients with de Quervain disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this study protocol and waived the informed consent requirement. Fifteen wrists in 13 women (age range, 41-62 years) in whom de Quervain disease was clinically diagnosed and who underwent surgery for intractable pain were included. A musculoskeletal radiologist performed US before surgery. The absence or presence and extent of subcompartmentalization within the first extensor compartment and the number of abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) tendon slips were evaluated and recorded. Preoperative US findings were compared with surgical records and photographs. RESULTS: Subcompartmentalization within the first extensor compartment was observed during surgery in 11 of the 15 wrists (73%), including four (27%) that had subcompartmentalization only in the distal portion of this compartment. US was used to identify all 11 wrists showing subcompartmentalization within this compartment (sensitivity, 100%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 74%, 100%), as well as three of the four wrists with distal incomplete subcompartmentalization. There was one wrist with false-positive distal incomplete subcompartmentalization. US had a positive predictive value in the detection of subcompartmentalization of 73% (95% CI: 47%, 91%). The number of tendon slips in this compartment detected with US was identical to that identified at surgery with one exception. CONCLUSION: US can be used to depict various types of anatomic variations in the first extensor compartment in patients with de Quervain disease.
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Enfermedad de De Quervain/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación de la Muñeca/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Ultrasonografía , Articulación de la Muñeca/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
Adhesive capsulitis, the so-called 'frozen shoulder', is one of the common causes of pain with a limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. The condition is usually diagnosed through the clinical course and physical examinations; however, several studies on imaging findings of adhesive capsulitis using sonography, MRI, and MR angiography have been reported. In this article, various imaging findings for the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis-related anatomy are reviewed.
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Background: The intracompartmental septum isolating the extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) has been reported to affect the patient's response to nonsurgical treatment in de Quervain's disease. A simple physical test called the modified staged Finkelstein test was developed to evaluate the septum; the result of this test was compared with those of the pre-existing physical test (EPB entrapment test) and ultrasonographic (US) examination of the septum. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 52 patients who underwent two clinical tests, including the modified staged Finkelstein test and the EPB entrapment test, and US examination for de Quervain's disease. The correlation between the clinical test results and US findings was evaluated; sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Results: The proportion of wrists with a separate septum was 50% (26 patients) in the US examination. The sensitivity and specificity of the modified staged Finkelstein test were 88.5% and 73.1%, respectively; those of EPB entrapment test were 71.4% and 84.2%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of the modified staged Finkelstein test were 76.7% and 86.4%, respectively. Conclusions: The modified staged Finkelstein test showed acceptable diagnostic values for the diagnosis of septum compared with pre-existing physical tests. Knowledge about the existence of septum could be helpful in treating patients and expecting prognosis.
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Enfermedad de De Quervain , Enfermedad de De Quervain/diagnóstico , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tendones , Muñeca , Articulación de la MuñecaRESUMEN
In microbial fuel cells (MFC), wastewater is used as a fuel while organic and nutrient pollution in the wastewater are being treated. In the present study, commonly existing microbial populations in MFC anode biofilms were identified using high throughput FLX Titanium pyrosequencing to provide much more extensive information of anode microbial communities than previously possible. Using 454 FLX Titanium pyrosequencing, 31,901 sequence reads with an average length of 430 bp were obtained from 16S rRNA gene amplicons from different MFC anodes with different substrate exposure and respiration conditions, and microbial community structure and population identification were then analyzed using high-throughput bioinformatics methods. Although community profiles from the four samples were significantly different, hierarchical clustering analysis revealed several bacterial populations that commonly exist in the anode biofilm samples. These bacteria were phylogenetically distributed in Firmicutes and the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-subclasses of Proteobacteria. In addition, most of these populations were found to be novel anode bacteria and exhibited oligotrophic or substrate-concentration-insensitive growth. These findings suggest that commonly existing anode bacteria may play a key role in the stable operations of MFCs, combined with wastewater treatment plants, under fluctuating substrate and respiration conditions.
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Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Fuentes de Energía Bioeléctrica/microbiología , Biopelículas , Electrodos/microbiología , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/metabolismo , Biodegradación Ambiental , Biodiversidad , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Titanio/química , Purificación del AguaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We wanted to investigate the relationship between the magnetic resonance (MR) findings and the clinical outcome after treatment with non-surgical transforaminal epidural steroid injections (ESI) for lumbar herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transforaminal ESI were performed in 91 patients (50 males and 41 females, age range: 13-78 yrs) because of lumbosacral HIVD from March 2001 to August 2002. Sixty eight patients whose MRIs and clinical follow-ups were available were included in this study. The medical charts were retrospectively reviewed and the patients were divided into two groups; the successful (responders, n = 41) and unsatisfactory (non-responders, n = 27) outcome groups. A successful outcome required a patient satisfaction score greater than two and a pain reduction score greater than 50%. The MR findings were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups with regard to the type (protrusion, extrusion or sequestration), hydration (the T2 signal intensity), location (central, right/left central, subarticular, foraminal or extraforaminal), and size (volume) of the HIVD, the grade of nerve root compression (grade 1 abutment, 2 displacement and 3 entrapment), and an association with spinal stenosis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the responders and non-responders in terms of the type, hydration and size of the HIVD, or an association with spinal stenosis (p > 0.05). However, the location of the HIVD and the grade of nerve root compression were different between the two groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: MRI could play an important role in predicting the clinical outcome of non-surgical transforaminal ESI treatment for patients with lumbar HIVD.
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Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/tratamiento farmacológico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Esteroides/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Femenino , Humanos , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/patología , Vértebras Lumbares , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
We report the computed tomographic and angiographic findings in the case of a recently obtained successful clinical outcome after embolization of the hepatic artery in the case of a snakebite causing hemoperitoneum associated with hepatic necrosis and rupture with active bleeding.
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Embolización Terapéutica/métodos , Hemoperitoneo/etiología , Hígado/lesiones , Necrosis Hepática Masiva/etiología , Mordeduras de Serpientes/complicaciones , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Medios de Contraste/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Espuma de Fibrina/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hemoglobinas , Hemoperitoneo/terapia , Hemorragia/etiología , Hemorragia/terapia , Arteria Hepática/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Corea (Geográfico) , Hígado/diagnóstico por imagen , Hígado/patología , Necrosis Hepática Masiva/complicaciones , Necrosis Hepática Masiva/terapia , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/métodos , Rotura Espontánea , Resultado del Tratamiento , Venenos de Víboras/efectos adversosRESUMEN
We report a rare case of lower limb swelling due to compression of the superficial femoral vein by a solitary deep femoral artery aneurysm. The patient was a 58-year-old man presenting with acute swelling of the right lower limb caused by deep venous thrombosis. A multi-detector computed tomographic scan (CT) confirmed the diagnosis of a deep femoral artery aneurysm and revealed no evidence of aneurysms or occlusive lesions in the other arteries. Aneurysmectomy and ligation of the deep femoral artery were successfully performed. Preoperative multi-detector CT scanning is a valuable, non-invasive diagnostic tool to delineate not only the state of the aneurysm, but also that of the distal arterial tree.
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Aneurisma/diagnóstico , Edema/diagnóstico , Arteria Femoral , Pierna , Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Femoral/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Ultrasonografía Doppler en ColorRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to define the capsules of synchronous multicentric small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) with use of high-frequency intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS). METHODS: Among the 131 consecutive patients undergoing hepatic resection and high-frequency IOUS for HCC, 16 synchronous multicentric small HCCs in 13 patients were histologically diagnosed in the resected specimens. High-frequency IOUS and pathologic findings of these lesions were compared, with particular focus on the presence and appearance of the capsule in or around each lesion. RESULTS: Synchronous multicentric small HCCs were pathologically classified into distinctly nodular (n=12) or vaguely nodular (n=4) types. All 12 distinctly nodular HCCs including six subcentimeter lesions showed detectable capsules on high-frequency IOUS and pathology. The capsules appeared as a hypoechoic rim containing hyperechoic foci (n=6), hypoechoic rim (n=5), or hyperechoic rim (n=1) with varying degrees of coverage around each lesion. Histologically, the capsules were composed of a combination of one to four layers consisting of a fibrous capsule, peritumoral fibrosis, prominent small vessels, and entrapped hepatic parenchyma. CONCLUSION: Synchronous multicentric small HCCs with distinctly nodular type, even at subcentimeter size, can show capsules with varying coverage and diverse echogenicity on high-frequency IOUS.
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Many hospitals experience one or more retained surgical instrument events with risk of patient morbidity and medicolegal problems. Identification of retained surgical instrument is important. The radiologists should be familiar with imaging finding of retained surgical instrument. In a 62-year-old female with a retained plastic tube, localized peritoneal infiltration around air-containing tubular structure mimicked acute appendicitis on abdomen computed tomography (CT), one year after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We reported CT findings of foreign body reaction related to retained Endoloop ligature plastic tube mimicking acute appendicitis.
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Reacción a Cuerpo Extraño/diagnóstico , Peritonitis/diagnóstico , Plásticos/efectos adversos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Abdomen/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad Aguda , Apendicitis/diagnóstico , Apendicitis/cirugía , Errores Diagnósticos , Femenino , Reacción a Cuerpo Extraño/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Laparoscopía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Peritonitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Peritonitis/etiología , Plásticos/químicaRESUMEN
Here, we describe a popliteal mass that was initially misdiagnosed as a simple popliteal cyst, which finally turned out to be osteochondrolipoma. A 63-year-old housewife presented with sustained knee pain in association with a palpable mass on the popliteal fossa. The mass was in the posteromedial area and soft, non-tender, non-movable in the posteromedial area. Using plain radiography, the mass appeared as a round, soft tissue density lesion containing bony fragments. We performed an ultrasound-guided needle biopsy in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging, followed by an open excisional biopsy. Microscopically, histological sections showed a lipoma with cartilaginous and osseous differentiation, finally diagnosed as osteochondrolipoma. In conclusion, popliteal masses are not always simple cysts, and the evaluation of masses in the popliteal fossa is always necessary.
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Lipoma/diagnóstico , Osteocondroma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Lipoma/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteocondroma/complicaciones , Quiste Poplíteo/etiología , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/complicacionesRESUMEN
Nerve compression syndromes commonly involve the nerves in the upper extremity. High-resolution ultrasonography (US) can satisfactorily assess these nerves and may detect the morphological changes of the nerves. US can also reveal the causes of nerve compression when structural abnormalities or space-occupying lesions are present. The most common US finding of compression neuropathy is nerve swelling proximal to the compression site. This article reviews the normal anatomic location and US appearances of the median, ulnar, and radial nerves. Common nerve compression syndromes in the upper extremity and their US findings are also reviewed.