Diagnosing osteomyelitis in diabetic foot by diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE), for diagnosing osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A thorough search was carried out to identify suitable studies published up to September 2023. The quality of the studies involved was evaluated using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of each imaging modality/method for each specific cut point were summarized. The summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was calculated using bivariate mixed effects models. RESULTS: Five studies investigating 187 patients and 234 bone lesions with 110 diagnosed osteomyelitis were enrolled. Four studies used DWI (172 lesions), three studies used DCE techniques (140 lesions) and two studies presented results of conventional MRI (66 lesions). The sensitivity ranges using conventional MRI, DWI and DCE were 65%-100%, 65%-100% and 64%-100%, respectively. The specificity ranges were 50%-61%, 56%-95%, and 66%-93%, respectively. The SROC curve of DWI and DCE was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.86-0.92) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87-0.92), respectively. CONCLUSION: Combining DWI and DCE methods, alongside conventional MRI, can improve the reliability and accuracy of diabetic foot osteomyelitis diagnosis. However, the study recognizes result variability due to varying protocols and emphasizes the need for well-designed studies with standardized approaches. To optimize diagnostic performance, the study recommends considering low ADC values, Ktrans or rapid wash-in rate from DCE such as iAUC60, along with using large ROIs that cover the entire lesion while excluding normal bone marrow.

Assessing the gender gap in musculoskeletal radiology authorship across three continents: are really the "ladies first"?

AIM: To assess gender-specific authorship trends in musculoskeletal (MSK) radiology in three major radiology journals, Skeletal Radiology (SR), Clinical Radiology (CR) and Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging (IJRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of articles pertaining to MSK radiology was done for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020 for SR and CR and for the years 2010 and 2020 for IJRI. The number and positions of female authors was noted. RESULTS: Three hundred and twenty-five articles were reviewed after excluding the articles where the gender of one or more authors could not be conclusively determined. In SR, the percentage of female authors increased significantly from 4% in 2000 to 17% in 2010 (p<0.0001) and to 21.9% in 2020 (p<0.0001) with an increase in the percentage of first female authors from 0.8% in 2000 to 4.9% in 2010 and further to 5.4% in 2020. In CR, the percentage of female authors reduced from 13.8% in 2000 to 13.6% in 2010 (p=0.9798 and further reduced to 7% in 2020 (p=0.1592). In IJRI, the percentage of articles with no female authors went down from 36.4% (2010) to 26.7% (2020). CONCLUSION: There is an upward trend in female authorship in MSK radiology related articles in SR and IJRI with continued under-representation in CR. The first and middle order female authors have shown a significant increase, although the number of last female authors remains very low. Analysis of such trends in academic journals from other subspecialities in medicine needs to be undertaken to confirm or refute the findings of this study.

Unusual presentation of a dermoid cyst in the ischiorectal fossa. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound appearances.

The ischiorectal fossa may give rise to a wide variety of pathological entities, although it is composed of relatively few structures. Developmental cysts are included among the list. Large epidermoid cysts in the ischiorectal fossa have been previously described (Fujimoto et al., Clin Imaging 17:146-148, 1993; Ng et al., Can J Surg 49:435-436, 2006). However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no published case in the English literature of a dermoid cyst within the ischiorectal fossa. Using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and a subsequent ultrasound-guided biopsy, we were able to offer a focused differential that included a dermoid cyst within the ischiorectal fossa in a 55-year-old man presenting with a painful mass on the buttocks. Hair and fatty components were obtained by targeted ultrasound-guided biopsy. On MR imaging, the mass was seen to be well circumscribed and registered a heterogeneous T1-weighted signal that corresponded to layers of fat and debris on short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) imaging. A well-defined ball of fat was noted centrally within the lesion, with a speckled low T1 and low T2 signal within it. Hair admixed with fat was obtained from it by targeted ultrasound-guided biopsy. There was no enhancement of the lesion after administration of gadolinium. On ultrasound, the lesion was well circumscribed and heterogeneous; the echogenic area corresponded to the fat signal seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The lower level echoes within the lesion corresponded to the debris seen on MRI. The central rounded area of speckling, registering fine posterior shadowing corresponded to the hairy contents obtained by the targeted ultrasound-guided biopsy. A differential diagnosis of all lipomatous lesions was included in the pre-biopsy report: fat necrosis within a lipoma; well-differentiated liposarcoma; myxoid liposarcoma and dermoid cyst. Histopathological diagnosis following complete surgical resection was that of a dermoid cyst.

Primary mesenteric extraskeletal osteosarcoma in the pelvic cavity.

A middle-aged man was being investigated for constipation. Abdominal radiographs incidentally revealed a large, densely calcified, rounded mass within the pelvic cavity. A CT scan was performed followed by surgical excision with a differential diagnosis of calcified hematoma and an enlarged calcified lymph nodal mass. Histopathological investigation revealed a primary mesenteric extraskeletal osteosarcoma. To the best of our knowledge, a primary extraskeletal osteosarcoma arising from the mesentery has not been described previously in the English literature. The radiological features and differential diagnosis are discussed.