RESUMEN
During a 1-year rotavirus surveillance of children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Brescia Hospital, Italy, a chimerical rotavirus strain, G3P[6], was detected, displaying the VP7 and VP4 genes of porcine origin and the NSP4 and VP6 genes of human origin. The reassortant nature of the virus rules out a direct zoonotic event.
Asunto(s)
Enteritis/virología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/virología , Rotavirus/clasificación , Rotavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Preescolar , Humanos , Lactante , Italia , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , ARN Viral/genética , Recombinación Genética , Rotavirus/genética , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/genética , Proteínas Estructurales Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an emerging virus associated with acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) in young children. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate virologic and clinical features of hMPV infection during 2 consecutive winter-spring seasons. METHODS: Nasal washes were obtained from children younger than 5 years of age hospitalized for ARI. Specimens were tested for hMPV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The hMPV F gene amplification products were sequenced, and phylogenetic trees were constructed. RESULTS: A high incidence of hMPV infection (25.3%) was observed during the 2005-2006 winter-spring season, whereas a much lower rate of infection (4.7%) during the following season was found. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that, during the 2 seasons, 60.4% of the hMPV detected were A2a, 22.9% were A2b, 4.2% were B1, and 12.5% were B2. hMPV A1 strains were not detected in any tested specimen. Clinical diagnosis was bronchiolitis in 57.1%; pneumonia in 25%; and a upper respiratory tract illness in 17.8%. Bronchiolitis was more frequent in children less than 1 year of age (80%) than in children more than 1 year of age (30.8%) (P < 0.05). When hMPV was found frequently, the hMPV spread overlapped with that of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and hMPV/RSV coinfections were common events (19 of 39; 48.7%). hMPV/RSV-coinfected children developed pneumonia more frequently than hMPV-infected patients (57.9% versus 20%) but no differences in disease severity (gauged by duration of hospitalization and requirement of oxygen) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide further evidence of the importance of hMPV as a pathogen associated with ARI in young children. Involvement of hMPV/RSV coinfection in cases of pneumonia is suspected.
Asunto(s)
Metapneumovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Paramyxoviridae/virología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/virología , Factores de Edad , Bronquiolitis/virología , Preescolar , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Masculino , Metapneumovirus/clasificación , Metapneumovirus/genética , Cavidad Nasal/virología , Líquido del Lavado Nasal , Infecciones por Paramyxoviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Paramyxoviridae/fisiopatología , Filogenia , Neumonía/virología , ARN Viral/genética , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/complicaciones , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/epidemiología , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/fisiopatología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de SecuenciaRESUMEN
This study was performed to investigate the role of Noroviruses (NV) in sporadic cases of acute diarrhoea among hospitalized children in Brescia Hospital. NV were the most frequently involved viruses (23.7%) and were more common in children >5 years (23/63) than in children <5 years (6/59). The majority of the NV-positive specimens belonged to genotype II (GII). The frequency of rotavirus, enteric adenovirus and astrovirus was 12.2%, 1.6% and 2.4%, respectively. Results obtained confirm the relevance of NV as a causative agent of pediatric diarrhoea and highlight the need for continued surveillance of NV to prevent and control virus spreading.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Caliciviridae/epidemiología , Diarrea/epidemiología , Hospitalización , Norovirus/genética , Norovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/virología , Niño , Preescolar , Diarrea/virología , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Italia/epidemiología , Epidemiología Molecular , Norovirus/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Fungi are known pathogens in cystic fibrosis patients. A boy with cystic fibrosis boy presented with acute respiratory distress. Bronchoscopy showed airways obstruction by mucus plugs and bronchial casts. Scedosporium apiospermum was identified as the only pathogen. Bronchoalveolar lavage successfully resolved the acute obstruction. Plastic bronchitis is a new clinical picture of acute Scedosporium endobronchial colonization in cystic fibrosis patients.