Associated factors with physical activity counseling among Brazilian Family Health Strategy workers.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors with physical activity counseling among Brazilian Family Health Strategy workers. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with a random sample of 591 health workers who work in the Family Health Teams of João Pessoa-PB, Brazil. Counseling for physical activity was defined as any advising targeted for increasing patients' physical activity levels conducted for at least six months. The following factors were considered: time working in health care units, amount of daily attendance, continuing education, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, attitude, self-rated health, physical activity level and nutritional status. Prevalence of counseling was 46.3%, being higher among physicians (74.5%; 95%CI: 59.6-85.2) and nurses (60.3%; 95%CI: 48.0-71.4) compared to community health workers (42.9%; 95%CI: 38.2-47.7) and nurses assistants (31.5%; 95%CI: 20.2-45.4). The results showed health professionals with positive self-rated health, without perception of barriers, having a positive attitude and high self-efficacy were more likely to perform physical activity counseling. Knowledge and actions on factors associated with physical activity counseling can help broaden the involvement of primary health care providers in health education.

Effects of community health worker-based interventions on physical activity levels in children: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the strategies and effects of interventions carried out by community health workers (CHW) on physical activity (PA) levels in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCE: In August 2020, a systematic review, designed according to the PRISMA checklist items, was conducted by searches in seven electronic databases and in reference lists. Original studies were searched without restriction with regard to year of publication; they were written in Spanish, English or Portuguese and examined interventions implemented by CHW, involving theoretical and/or practical contents of PA, with a focus on children and/or adolescents between three and 19 years of age. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of the 2,321 studies initially retrieved, eight were included, targeting samples with more specific characteristics (e.g., clinical, ethnic and/or socioeconomic). In all studies, CHW were trained to lead educational activities. In three non-controlled trials, positive results were observed, involving indicators such as moderate and vigorous PA and physical inactivity reduction. Also, two positive results were found in reducing sedentary behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Even though most of the interventions included did not have a significant effect on increasing PA levels, the available findings reinforce the role of CHW as an important strategy for dialogue between health services and the most vulnerable communities, and they suggest a greater articulation of these professionals in the actions developed in the school context.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SCREEN TIME, NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND SLEEP IN ADOLESCENTS IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of sleep quality and duration and its association with the level of physical activity, screen time and nutritional status in adolescents. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with 1,432 adolescents (53.1%, female), ten to 14 years old (12.0±1.0 year) from public schools in Joao Pessoa, Northeast Brazil. Physical activity (≥300 vs. <300 minutes/week), screen time (≤2 vs. >2 h/day) and duration (<8 vs. ≥8 h/day) and perception of sleep quality (negative vs. positive perception) were measured by questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (low weight / normal weight vs. overweight / obesity). Binary logistic regression was used to analyze association between variables, considering different aggregation of negative factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of insufficient duration and negative perception of sleep quality was 12.6% (95%CI 10.9-14.4) and 21.0% (95%CI 18.9-23.1), respectively. There was a linear trend in the chance of the adolescents to present insufficient duration of sleep as a result of simultaneous negative factors (physical inactivity, excessive screen time, being overweight) (OR=4.31; 95%CI 1.50-12.48). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents exposed simultaneously to low levels of physical activity, excessive screen time and overweight had a lower sleep duration.

[The urgency of Public Health in Physical Education training: lessons from COVID-19]. / A urgência da Saúde Coletiva na formação em Educação Física: lições com o COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated several controversies in the health area, particularly regarding social isolation measures, widely perceived as being one of the most effective strategies to reduce the spread of the virus. The Physical Education (PE) area became involved in these discussions, through contradictory positions of professionals, scientific societies and class entities regarding the reopening of fitness centers during the pandemic. We understand that some of these discussions revealed important weaknesses in relation to the approach to basic health knowledge, such as those related to epidemiology and public health measures. We seek in this essay, without the intention of exhausting the subject or performing an academic prescription, to support our position regarding the urgency of the approach of PE training within the field of Public Health, as well as presenting some proposals for this approach to effectively occur. We advocate training that favors a broader view of health, that enables professionals in the field to understand the potential relationship between PE and health, but at the same time recognize that physical activity is not a panacea and that human health has many others determinants and conditions.

Factors associated with Physical Activity Counseling by Health Workers Questionnaire: construction, validation and reliability / Questionário sobre fatores associados para o Aconselhamento para Atividade Física por Trabalhadores da Saúde: construção, validação e reprodutibilidade

The main purpose of this study is to describe the development, validation and reliability of a ques-tionnaire to measure the associated factors of physical activity counseling by health workers. The development of the questionnaire was carried out in four steps: construction of the analytical matrix; face validation; pilot study; and reliability assessment. The analytical matrix consisted of ten modules with a total of 47 questions. In the second step, 21 Brazilian experts of different knowledge back-grounds gave their opinion on the presentation, clarity and adequacy of each item. In the third step, a pilot study was carried out with 20 professionals (doctors, nurses and community health agents) from the Joao Pessoa, Paraíba Family Health Strategy. In the last step, reliability index was assessed among a sample of 53 health workers from five health units. The final version of the questionnaire was composed of 53 questions distributed in ten modules. Results showed a total validity index of 0.90 ranging from 0.83 to 0.95 in the modules. The clarity and adequacy of the scale showed mean values of 0.93 (ranging from 0.87 to 0.96) and 0.95 (ranging from 0.91 to 0.98), respectively. Eight out of ten modules showed all items with reliability greater than 0.60 (kappa). The questionnaire showed a satisfactory validity and reliability and it is recommended for studies to measure physical activity counseling and other practices in health promotion by health workers in the primary health care

O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o desenvolvimento, validação e reprodutibilidade de um questionário para mensurar fatores associados à prática do aconselhamento para atividade física por trabalhadores de saúde. O desenvolvimento do questionário foi realizado em quatro etapas: construção da matriz analítica; validação de face; estudo piloto; estudo de reprodutibilidade. A primeira etapa resultou numa matriz analítica com dez módulos com um total de 47 questões. Na segunda etapa, 21 brasileiros especialistas em diferentes áreas opinaram sobre a apresentação, clareza e adequação de cada item. Na terceira etapa, foi realizado o estudo piloto com 20 profissionais (médicos, enfermeiros e agentes comunitários de saúde) da Estratégia de Saúde da Família de João Pessoa-PB. Por fim, uma amostra de 53 trabalhadores participou do estudo de reprodutibili-dade. A versão final do questionário foi composta de 53 questões distribuídas em dez módulos. Foi encontrado um índice de validade geral de 0,90, variando de 0,81 a 0,95 nos módulos. A clareza e adequação da escala demonstraram valores médios de 0,93 (variando entre 0,87 e 0,96) e 0,95 (variando entre 0,91 e 0,98), respectivamente. Oito dos dez módulos apresentaram todos os itens com valores de reprodutibilidade acima de 0,60 (kappa). O questionário apresentou validade satisfatória e reprodutibilidade adequada, recomendando a sua utilização em estudos que visam avaliar a prática de aconselhamento de atividade física e outras prá-ticas de promoção da saúde por trabalhadores de saúde da atenção primaria à saúde

Effects of community health worker-based interventions on physical activity levels in children: a systematic review / Efeitos de intervenções conduzidas por agentes comunitários de saúde nos níveis de atividade física em crianças: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the strategies and effects of interventions carried out by community health workers (CHW) on physical activity (PA) levels in children and adolescents. Data source: In August 2020, a systematic review, designed according to the PRISMA checklist items, was conducted by searches in seven electronic databases and in reference lists. Original studies were searched without restriction with regard to year of publication; they were written in Spanish, English or Portuguese and examined interventions implemented by CHW, involving theoretical and/or practical contents of PA, with a focus on children and/or adolescents between three and 19 years of age. Data synthesis: Of the 2,321 studies initially retrieved, eight were included, targeting samples with more specific characteristics (e.g., clinical, ethnic and/or socioeconomic). In all studies, CHW were trained to lead educational activities. In three non-controlled trials, positive results were observed, involving indicators such as moderate and vigorous PA and physical inactivity reduction. Also, two positive results were found in reducing sedentary behavior. Conclusions: Even though most of the interventions included did not have a significant effect on increasing PA levels, the available findings reinforce the role of CHW as an important strategy for dialogue between health services and the most vulnerable communities, and they suggest a greater articulation of these professionals in the actions developed in the school context.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as estratégias e os efeitos de intervenções conduzidas por agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) nos níveis de atividade física (AF) em crianças e adolescentes. Fontes de dados: Em agosto de 2020, uma revisão sistemática, delineada de acordo com os itens da lista de verificação PRISMA, foi desenvolvida por meio de buscas em sete bases de dados eletrônicas e em listas de referências. Foram procurados estudos originais, sem restrição quanto ao ano de sua publicação, escritos em espanhol, inglês e português, que desenvolveram intervenções implementadas por ACS envolvendo conteúdos teóricos e/ou práticas de AF com foco em crianças e/ou adolescentes na faixa entre os 3 e os 19 anos de idade. Síntese dos dados: Dos 2.321 estudos inicialmente avaliados, foram incluídos oito, direcionados a amostras com características mais específicas (clínicas, étnicas e/ou socioeconômicas). Em todos os estudos, ACS receberam treinamento prévio para a condução de atividades educativas. Em três ensaios não controlados foram observados resultados positivos envolvendo indicadores de AF moderadas, vigorosas e redução da inatividade física. Complementarmente, dois resultados positivos foram encontrados na redução do comportamento sedentário. Conclusões: Mesmo que a maior parte das intervenções incluídas não tenha apresentado efeitos significativos no aumento dos níveis de AF, a evidência disponível reforça o papel dos ACS como uma importante estratégia de diálogo entre os serviços de saúde e as comunidades mais vulneráveis e sugere maior articulação desses profissionais nas ações desenvolvidas no contexto escolar.

Associated factors with physical activity counseling among Brazilian Family Health Strategy workers / Fatores associados ao aconselhamento em atividade física entre trabalhadores da Estratégia Brasileira de Saúde da Família

Abstract This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors with physical activity counseling among Brazilian Family Health Strategy workers. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with a random sample of 591 health workers who work in the Family Health Teams of João Pessoa-PB, Brazil. Counseling for physical activity was defined as any advising targeted for increasing patients' physical activity levels conducted for at least six months. The following factors were considered: time working in health care units, amount of daily attendance, continuing education, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, attitude, self-rated health, physical activity level and nutritional status. Prevalence of counseling was 46.3%, being higher among physicians (74.5%; 95%CI: 59.6-85.2) and nurses (60.3%; 95%CI: 48.0-71.4) compared to community health workers (42.9%; 95%CI: 38.2-47.7) and nurses assistants (31.5%; 95%CI: 20.2-45.4). The results showed health professionals with positive self-rated health, without perception of barriers, having a positive attitude and high self-efficacy were more likely to perform physical activity counseling. Knowledge and actions on factors associated with physical activity counseling can help broaden the involvement of primary health care providers in health education.

Resumo O estudo objetivou determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao aconselhamento para atividade física entre trabalhadores da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Trata-se de estudo transversal com amostra de 591 trabalhadores de Equipes de Saúde da Família de João Pessoa-PB, Brasil. Aconselhamento para atividade física foi definido como qualquer recomendação direcionada a aumentar os níveis de atividade física dos usuários conduzida por pelo menos seis meses. Foram considerados os seguintes fatores: tempo de trabalho, quantidade de atendimentos, educação permanente, barreiras percebidas, autoeficácia, atitude, autoavaliação de saúde, nível de atividade física e estado nutricional. A prevalência de aconselhamento foi de 46,3%, sendo maior entre médicos (74,5%; IC95%: 59,6-85,2) e enfermeiros (60,3%; IC95%: 48,0-71,4) em relação aos agentes comunitários de saúde (42,9%; IC95%: 38,2-47,7) e técnicos de enfermagem (31,5%; IC95%: 20,2-45,4). Profissionais com autoavaliação positiva de saúde, sem percepção de barreiras, com atitude positiva e alta autoeficácia, apresentaram maior chance de realizar aconselhamento. Conhecimentos e ações sobre os fatores associados ao aconselhamento podem ajudar a ampliar o envolvimento dos profissionais em iniciativas de educação em saúde.

A urgência da Saúde Coletiva na formação em Educação Física: lições com o COVID-19 / The urgency of Public Health in Physical Education training: lessons from COVID-19

Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 gerou diversas polêmicas na área da saúde, particularmente sobre as medidas de isolamento social, entendida como uma das estratégias mais eficazes para reduzir a propagação do vírus. A área da Educação Física (EF) se envolveu nessas discussões, por meio de posicionamentos contraditórios de profissionais, sociedades científicas e entidades de classe a respeito da reabertura das academias de ginástica em plena pandemia. Entendemos que alguns destes discursos revelaram importantes fragilidades com relação à aproximação aos conhecimentos básicos de saúde, como aqueles relativos à epidemiologia e medidas sanitárias. Buscamos neste ensaio, sem a intenção de esgotar o assunto ou realizar receituário acadêmico, sustentar nossa posição a respeito da urgência da aproximação da formação em EF com o campo da Saúde Coletiva, bem como apresentar algumas proposições para que ela, de fato, aconteça. Defendemos assim uma formação que favoreça uma visão mais ampliada da saúde, que possibilite que profissionais e professores compreendam a relação potencial entre a EF e a saúde, mas que ao mesmo tempo reconheçam que a atividade física não é uma panaceia e que a saúde humana tem muitos outros determinantes e condicionantes.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has generated several controversies in the health area, particularly regarding social isolation measures, widely perceived as being one of the most effective strategies to reduce the spread of the virus. The Physical Education (PE) area became involved in these discussions, through contradictory positions of professionals, scientific societies and class entities regarding the reopening of fitness centers during the pandemic. We understand that some of these discussions revealed important weaknesses in relation to the approach to basic health knowledge, such as those related to epidemiology and public health measures. We seek in this essay, without the intention of exhausting the subject or performing an academic prescription, to support our position regarding the urgency of the approach of PE training within the field of Public Health, as well as presenting some proposals for this approach to effectively occur. We advocate training that favors a broader view of health, that enables professionals in the field to understand the potential relationship between PE and health, but at the same time recognize that physical activity is not a panacea and that human health has many others determinants and conditions.

Aconselhamento para atividade física na atenção primária à saúde: uma revisão integrativa / Counseling for physical activity in primary health care: an integrative review / Asesoría para la actividad física en la atención primaria de salud: una revisión integrativa

O objetivo foi sintetizar a produção acadêmica sobre a temática do aconselhamento para atividade física na atenção primária à saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed e SciELO, publicada até dezembro de 2018. Foram analisados 22 estudos, dos quais 13 foram observacionais, sete intervenções e dois qualitativos. A prevalência de aconselhamento para usuários variou de 20% a 59,4% entre os estudos e observou-se o perfil de usuários que mais recebem aconselhamento (mulheres, pessoas mais velhas e com diagnóstico de doenças crônicas). Os profissionais mais aconselhadores são: médicos, aqueles fisicamente ativos, que se sentem capazes de aconselhar e que não identificam a falta de tempo como barreira. As intervenções apresentaram efeitos modestos nos níveis de atividade física dos usuários e nas práticas de aconselhamento dos profissionais.

This study analyzes academic literature on counseling for physical activity in primary health care under Brazil's Unified Health System (SUS). This is an integrative literature review conducted on content from the LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed and SciELO databases published until December 2018. Twenty-two studies were analyzed, of which 13 were observational, seven were experimental and two were qualitative. The prevalence of counseling varied from 20% to 59,4% between studies and the profiles of counseled patients were observed (women, elderly people, patients diagnosed with chronic diseases). Counseling is most often provided by doctors, physically active people, those who feel able to counsel, and people who do not see lack of time as a barrier. Interventions had modest effects on patients' physical activity levels and professionals' counseling practices.

El objetivo fue sintetizar la producción académica sobre el tema de la asesoría para la actividad física en la atención primaria de salud del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed y SciELO, publicada hasta diciembre de 2018. Se analizaron 22 estudios, de los cuales 13 fueron observacionales, siete intervenciones y dos cualitativos. La prevalencia de asesoría a usuarios varió del 20% al 59,4% entre los estudios y se observó el perfil de usuarios que más recibieron asesoría (mujeres, personas mayores y personas diagnosticadas con enfermedades crónicas). Los profesionales que más asesoran son: médicos, aquellos que son físicamente activos, que se sienten capaces de aconsejar y que no identifican la falta de tiempo como una barrera. Las intervenciones tuvieron efectos modestos en los niveles de actividad física de los usuarios y en las prácticas de asesoría de los profesionales.

[Socio-demographic factors associated with three sedentary behaviors in Brazilian workers]. / Aspectos sociodemográficos associados a três comportamentos sedentários em trabalhadores brasileiros.

This study focused on the association between socio-demographic characteristics and three sedentary behaviors among industrial workers in Brazil. Data were analyzed on 47,477 workers from 24 Brazilian states, collected by questionnaires from 2006 to 2008. Individual and simultaneous presence of ≥ 4 hours of TV time per day, commuting by car or motorcycle, and sitting most of the time at work were investigated, as well as associations between these behaviors and gender, age, schooling, and family income. Simple and multiple binary logistic regression were used. Older workers and those with more schooling and higher income had increased odds of presenting two or all of the three target behaviors. Associations between gender and sedentary behaviors depend on the specific behavior. Such information can be useful for planning interventions to reduce sedentary behavior, with better targeting and more effectiveness in reaching different population subgroups.

[Changes in food consumption and physical activity in schoolchildren of Florianópolis, Southern Brazil, 2002-2007]. / Mudanças no consumo alimentar e atividade física de escolares de Florianópolis, SC, 2002-2007.

OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in food consumption and physical activity levels in schoolchildren. METHODS: A study was conducted with a representative sample (n = 4,168) of schoolchildren aged between seven and ten years living in the city of Florianópolis, Southern Brazil. Food consumption and physical activity were assessed in two school-based studies in 2002 (n = 2,936; 51% boys; mean age = 8.5 years) and 2007 (n = 1,232; 50.7% boys; mean age = 8.6 years), using illustrated questionnaires. The chi-square test was used to assess changes in the consumption of eight foods/food groups, in terms of the recommendations of the Brazilian Food Guidelines and physical activity levels (assessed according to tertiles of distribution of score and type of transportation to school). Analyses were performed according to the type of school attended (private or public). RESULTS: There was a reduction in the proportion of schoolchildren who reported eating fruits, vegetables, beans, meat, snack foods, pizza, French fries and sodas. A higher proportion of private school children met the recommendations that restricted the consumption of sodas, pizza and French fries and promoted the consumption of fruits and vegetables, in both studies. On the other hand, a higher proportion of public school children met the recommendations of meat consumption in 2007. Median values of scores of physical activity decreased in 2007. In both years, private school children were more active. The proportion of schoolchildren who actively commuted to school decreased from 49% to 41% (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There was a reduction in the consumption of markers of a healthy diet (beans, meat/fish, fruits and vegetables) and high-energy and low-nutrient foods (sodas, snack foods and pizza/French fries). In addition, there was a decrease in the proportion of schoolchildren who reported actively commuting to school.

Combination of risk factors for metabolic syndrome in the military personnel of the Brazilian Navy.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death in the population, and metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clinical condition significantly associated with the increase in morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To describe the pattern of combination of the risk factors related to the diagnosis of MS in the military personnel of the Brazilian Navy and to identify variables associated with the presence of MS in that population. METHODS: Cross-sectional study involving 1,383 men (18-62 years) assigned to military organizations in the city of Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte. The criterion proposed by the International Diabetes Association was used for the diagnosis of MS. The ratio between observed and expected prevalence and the respective confidence intervals were used to identify the combinations of risk factors that exceeded that expected for the population. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with MS. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS was 17.6%. Approximately one third of the military personnel studied had two or more risk factors for MS. All specific combinations of risk factors for MS that exceeded the expected prevalence had abdominal obesity as one of its components. In the adjusted analyses, age, smoking and physical activity level remained associated with MS. CONCLUSION: Our findings reinforce the constant presence of abdominal obesity in the phenotype of MS. In addition, our data also support the idea that age, smoking and low level of physical activity are independent variables for the occurrence of MS.

Qualitative analysis of the diet of a probabilistic sample of schoolchildren from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, using the Previous Day Food Questionnaire.

A qualitative evaluation of the diet of a probabilistic sample of 7-10 year old schoolchildren (n=1,232) from Florianópolis (southern Brazil) was carried out by analyzing compliance with recommendations from the Brazilian Food Guidelines. The strengths and limitations of the Previous Day Food Questionnaire (PDFQ) are also presented. Frequencies of intake were defined as how many times per day the food group was reported on the PDFQ. The percentages of schoolchildren who met the minimum recommendations and who ate foods that were not recommended in the guidelines were compared for boys versus girls, private versus public school and by family income level. Although most of the children complied with the guidelines regarding consumption of meat/fish, dry beans, sweets, and eating three meals and two snacks, only 6.5% of the children met the recommendations for cereals, and 15% for fruit and vegetables. The PDFQ was confirmed as a practical and cost-effective method for the evaluation of compliance with health promotion targets.

Aspectos sociodemográficos associados a três comportamentos sedentários em trabalhadores brasileiros / Socio-demographic factors associated with three sedentary behaviors in Brazilian workers / Aspectos sociodemográficos asociados a tres comportamientos sedentarios en trabajadores brasileños

O objetivo foi investigar a associação entre aspectos sociodemográficos e três comportamentos sedentários em trabalhadores da indústria no Brasil. Analisaram-se dados de 47.477 trabalhadores das indústrias de 24 Unidades Federativas, coletados por questionário de 2006 a 2008. Analisou-se a presença individual e simultânea de assistência à televisão ≥ 4 horas/dia, deslocamento de carro ou moto para o trabalho e passar a maior parte do tempo sentado no trabalho, assim como a associação desses comportamentos sedentários com sexo, idade, renda familiar mensal e nível de escolarização. Para tanto, utilizou-se a regressão logística binária simples e múltipla. Trabalhadores com mais idade, escolarização e renda tiveram maiores odds de apresentar dois dos três comportamentos sedentários investigados, assim como a presença simultânea deles. As associações entre sexo e comportamentos sedentários dependem do comportamento investigado. Tais informações podem ajudar no planejamento de ações de redução de comportamentos sedentários mais bem direcionadas e mais eficientes no alcance de diferentes subgrupos da população.

This study focused on the association between socio-demographic characteristics and three sedentary behaviors among industrial workers in Brazil. Data were analyzed on 47,477 workers from 24 Brazilian states, collected by questionnaires from 2006 to 2008. Individual and simultaneous presence of ≥ 4 hours of TV time per day, commuting by car or motorcycle, and sitting most of the time at work were investigated, as well as associations between these behaviors and gender, age, schooling, and family income. Simple and multiple binary logistic regression were used. Older workers and those with more schooling and higher income had increased odds of presenting two or all of the three target behaviors. Associations between gender and sedentary behaviors depend on the specific behavior. Such information can be useful for planning interventions to reduce sedentary behavior, with better targeting and more effectiveness in reaching different population subgroups.

El objetivo fue investigar la asociación entre aspectos sociodemográficos y tres comportamientos sedentarios en trabajadores de la industria en Brasil. Se analizaron datos de 47.477 trabajadores de industrias de 24 Unidades Federativas de Brasil, obtenidas por cuestionario de 2006 a 2008. Se investigó la presencia individual y simultánea de ver televisión ≥ 4 horas/día, desplazamiento en coche o moto para el trabajo y pasar la mayor parte del tiempo sentado en el trabajo, así como la asociación de esos comportamientos sedentarios con sexo, edad, renta familiar mensual y nivel de escolaridad. Para eso, se utilizó la regresión logística binaria simple y múltiple. Trabajadores con más edad, escolaridad y renta tuvieron mayor razón de oportunidades de presentar dos de los tres comportamientos sedentarios investigados, así como la presencia simultánea de ellos. Las asociaciones entre sexo y comportamientos sedentarios dependen del comportamiento investigado. Tales informaciones pueden ser útiles para planear acciones de reducción de comportamientos sedentarios mejor dirigidas y más eficientes en el alcance a diferentes subgrupos de la población.

Effect of school-based intervention on diet in high school students / Efetividade de uma intervenção de base escolar sobre as práticas alimentares em estudantes do ensino médio

Interventions during adolescence are important for modifying risk eating behavior that contribute to the early development of obesity and other non-transmissible chronic diseases, such as the consumption of high energy-dense and low nutrient-dense foods. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a school-based intervention on the diet of high school students who study at night. Randomized controlled study conducted in 2006 in two Brazilian state capitals (Florianopolis and Recife). The intervention included multiple strategies for improving healthy eating and physical activity. Weekly frequency consumption of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, salty snacks, sweets and soft drinks, daily frequency consumption of fruits and vegetables and stages of change in fruit and vegetable consumption behavior were investigated using questionnaires. A total of 2155 students were included (mean age ± SD = 18.4 years ± 2.4) at baseline, 989 of whom remained in post-intervention. Bivariate analyses indicated greater frequency of vegetable consumption (p=0.008) and lower frequency of sweets (p=0.032) and soft drinks (p=0.003) in the intervention group compared to controls. The change in behavior was also favorable for the intervention group (p=0.016). Analysis regression showed positive effects of complying with vegetable intake recommendations (OR = 1.54 CI95% 1.19-1.97) and favorable changes in lower sweet consumption (OR = 1.21 CI95% 1.02-1.43) in the intervention group, compared to controls. We found positive effects on the eating habits of the students as a result of The Saude na Boa Project.

Intervenções durante a adolescência são importantes para modificar a exposição a condutas alimentares de risco que contribuem para o desenvolvimento precoce da obesidade e de outras doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, como o excessivo consumo de alimentos de alta densidade energética e baixa quantidade de micronutrientes. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção de base escolar nas práticas alimentares de estudantes do ensino médio noturno. Intervenção randomizada e controlada, realizada em 2006, em duas capitais brasileiras (Florianópolis e Recife). A intervenção envolveu estratégias múltiplas para melhorar a alimentação e promover a atividade física. A frequência de consumo semanal de frutas, hortaliças, laticínios, salgadinhos, doces e refrigerantes, a frequência de consumo diário de frutas e hortaliças e os estágios de mudança de comportamento para consumo de frutas e hortaliças foram investigados mediante aplicação de questionários. Foram incluídos 2155 estudantes (idade média ± DP = 18,4 anos ± 2,4) na linha de base, dos quais 989 completaram o estudo. Após a intervenção houve maior frequência de consumo de verduras (p=0,008) e menor frequência de consumo de doces (p=0,032) e refrigerantes (p=0,003) no grupo intervenção, comparado ao controle. A mudança nos estágios de comportamento foi também favorável ao grupo intervenção (p=0,016). As análises de regressão mostraram efeitos positivos no atendimento às recomendações de consumo de verduras (RO = 1,54 IC95% 1,19-1,97) e mudanças favoráveis na diminuição do consumo de doces (RO = 1,21 IC95% 1,02-1,43) no grupo intervenção, comparado ao controle. Foram verificados efeitos positivos nas práticas alimentares dos estudantes como resultado do Projeto Saúde na Boa.

Sensitivity and specificity of body mass index-based classification systems for overweight in children 7-10 years old / Sensibilidade e especificidade dos sistemas de classificação para sobrepeso baseados no índice de massa corporal em crianças de 7-10 anos de idade

The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of BMI-based classification systems for detecting excess body fat in schoolchildren. A total of 2,795 schoolchildren aged 7 to 10 years were examined. Excess body fat was defined as the standardized residuals of sum of three skinfolds thickness ranking at or above the 90th percentile. The international BMI-based systems recommended by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and the World Health Organization (WHO-2007) were evaluated on the basis of their sensitivity and specificity for detecting excess body fat and compared with a national BMI reference (Brazil-2006). The positive (LR+) and negative (LR-) likelihood ratios analysis was also used to compare the diagnostic accuracies of the three BMI criteria. The three classification systems presented moderately high sensitivity (78.4-98.6%) and specificity (75.9-91.6%) for both genders. Overall, the three classification systems showed both LR+ and LR- values consistent with a diagnosis of moderate evidence for overweight (LR+ above five and LR- below 0.2). The results showed that the three BMI classification systems can be used as screening instruments of excess body fat. However, the performance of the Brazil-2006 classification system was superior because it showed the best balance between the diagnostic accuracy indices.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a sensibilidade e especificidade de sistemas de classificação baseados no índice de massa corporal (IMC) na detecção do excesso de gordura corporal em escolares. Um total de 2795 escolares com idade entre sete a dez anos foram examinados. O excesso de gordura corporal foi definido como os resíduos padronizados do somatório de três dobras cutâneas iguais ou superiores ao percentil 90. Os sistemas internacionais baseados no IMC recomendados pela International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) e Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS-2007) foram avaliados com base em sua sensibilidade e especificidade para detecção do excesso de gordura corporal e comparado com uma referência do IMC nacional (Brasil-2006). Análise das razões de verossimilhança positiva (RV+) e negativa (RV-) também foi utilizada para comparar as precisões diagnósticas dos três critérios do IMC. Os três sistemas de classificação apresentaram sensibilidade (78,4-98,6%) e especificidade (75,9-91,6%) moderadamente alta para ambos os sexos. No geral, os três sistemas de classificação apresentaram valores de RV+ e RV-, condizentes com um diagnóstico de evidência moderada para o sobrepeso (RV+ acima de cinco e RV- abaixo de 0,2). Os resultados mostraram que os três sistemas de classificação do IMC podem ser usados como instrumentos de rastreio do excesso de gordura corporal. Entretanto, o desempenho do sistema de classificação Brasil-2006 foi superior porque mostrou o melhor equilíbrio entre os índices de acurácia diagnóstica.

Agregacao de fatores de risco para doencas e agravos cronicos nao transmissiveis em adultos de Florianopolis, SC / Clustering of risk factors for non communicable diseases in adults from Florianopolis, SC

Objetivo: Investigar o padrão de combinações de comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e identificar os fatores sociodemográficos associados às combinações que excedem a prevalência esperada. Métodos: Inquérito com 1.996 adultos, residentes em domicílios servidos por linhas telefônicas fixas, no ano de 2005, em Florianópolis, SC. Os comportamentos investigados foram o tabagismo, consumo de álcool, inatividade física no lazer e consumo irregular de frutas. O padrão de simultaneidade dos comportamentos de risco foi avaliado pela razão entre a prevalência esperada e observada de cada uma das 16 possibilidades de combinação. O conjunto de comportamentos que excedeu a prevalência esperada constituiu o principal desfecho investigado. A regressão logística binomial e multinomial foi utilizada para avaliar a associação dos padrões de combinação e simultaneidade com variáveis sociodemográficas. Resultados: 43% dos homens e 36,6% das mulheres acumularam dois ou mais fatores de risco. Três (19,2%; IC 95% 16,7 - 21,7) e cinco (9,8%; IC 95% 8,0 - 11,6) combinações de comportamento excederam a prevalência esperada, respectivamente, entre os homens e as mulheres. Mulheres menos escolarizadas e de idade mais avançada apresentaram maior chance de agregação dos comportamentos de risco. Conclusão: Apesar de os homens apresentarem prevalências mais elevadas tanto dos comportamentos de risco isoladamente quanto das combinações dos mesmos, as mulheres apresentaram maior número de padrões que tenderam a se agregar além do esperado. O conhecimento sobre o padrão de combinação ...

Objective: To investigate clustering patterns of health risk behaviors for non communicable diseases and its associated factors. Methods: a Random telephone survey with 1,996 adults from Florianopolis, SC, was conducted in 2005. Tobacco use, high alcoholic intake episodes, fruit consumption and physical inactivity were investigated. Clustering was examined by the ratio between observed and expected prevalence of each of the 16 possible combinations. These clustered risk factors comprised the main outcome and binomial and multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine socio-demographic correlates. Results: 43% of men and 36.6% of women clustered at least two health risk factors. Three (19.2%; CI 95% 16.7 - 21.7) and five (9.8%; CI 95% 8.0 - 11.6) specific combinations exceed the expected prevalence, respectively, in men and women. Women with low schooling level and older were more likely to cluster health risk behaviors. Conclusion: although men showed higher prevalence of single health risk behavior and its combinations, women presented more specific combinations that clustered above the expected. Knowledge on the clustering pattern of these health risk behaviors may guide the design of more effective health promotion initiatives. .

Self-reported physical activity and food intake patterns in schoolchildren aged 7-10 from public and private schools / Perfil de atividade física e consumo alimentar autorrelatado de escolares de 7 a 10 anos da rede pública e privada

Physical activity and diet are related to several health outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyze physical activity (PA) and diet patterns among Brazilian schoolchildren attending private or public schools. A cross-sectional, school-based study of elementary schoolchildren aged 7-10 years old (n = 2,936) was carried out in Florianopolis (southern Brazil). Self-reported food consumption and PA patterns were assessed by means of a questionnaire. A higher percentage of girls than boys met the recommendations for consumption of fruits and vegetables and limited their consumption of sweets and soft drinks. Boys reported higher PA levels than girls (P < 0.001). Children attending private schools were more likely to be in the highest tertile of PA (odds ratio = 1.53, 1.14-2.05) and 80% less likely to be active in commuting to school compared to public school students. Private schoolchildren were more likely to meet recommendations for fruits and vegetables, limit sweet consumption, report adequate meal frequency and no consumption of fast food or soft drinks. In summary, girls and private schoolchildren reported better eating patterns, while boys and private schoolchildren reported higher PA levels. Such results highlight the public school setting as a target for health promotion initiatives, along with other strategies, in developing countries.

A atividade física e o consumo alimentar estão associados a vários desfechos de saúde. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar as diferenças no comportamento alimentar e na atividade física de escolares brasileiros da rede pública e privada. Um estudo transversal de base escolar, com crianças entre 7 e 10 anos, foi realizado em Florianópolis, SC, Brasil (n = 2.936). As informações foram obtidas por meio de um questionário respondido pelas próprias crianças. Maior proporção de meninas alcançaram as recomendações para o consumo de frutas e vegetais e limitaram o consumo de doces e refrigerantes. Os meninos relataram maiores níveis de atividade física (P < 0,001). Escolares da rede privada tiveram maior chance de serem mais ativos (Odds Ratio = 1,53, 1,14-2,05) e 80% menos chance de serem ativos no deslocamento para a escola; além disso, tiveram maior chance de atender as recomendações para o consumo de frutas e verduras, limitar o consumo de doces, apresentar número adequado de refeições e não consumir fast food e refrigerantes. Resumindo, as meninas e os escolares da rede privada relataram melhores padrões de consumo alimentar, enquanto os meninos e os escolares da rede privada foram mais ativos. Tais resultados apontam a escola pública como um alvo para iniciativas de promoção da saúde.

A educação física no Brasil em transição: perspectivas para a promoção da atividade física / Physical education in a transitional Brazil: perspectives for physical activity promotion

O padrão de morbimortalidade no Brasil contemporâneo é caracterizado pelas altas prevalências de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi situar o papel da atividade física neste padrão de morbimortalidade, contextualizando o conceito de ?Transição da Atividade Física? e discutindo a contribuição da Educação Física na promoção da atividade física e saúde. Parece evidente que houve redução no nível de atividade física nos domínios ocupacional, deslocamento e doméstico, em contrapartida à estabilização ou incremento no domínio do lazer. A inserção da Educação Física no Sistema Único de Saúde e as ações governamentais de promoção de atividade física são promissoras e necessitam de avaliação. A escola constitui contexto privilegiado para alcançar os jovens, além de seus familiares e dos moradores de seu entorno. Por fi m, à Educação Física tem sido atribuída uma maior participação na promoção da saúde dos brasileiros, tanto por meio de ações no contexto da comunidade como na escola.

Morbidity and mortality pattern in Brazil is characterized by high prevalence of noncommunicable chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to situate the role of physical activity in this pattern, introducing the concept of ?Physical Activity Transition? and discussing the contribution of Physical Education area in the physical activity and health promotion. It seems clear the reduction of physical activity levels in occupational, transportation, and domestic domains, in contrast to the stabilization or increase of leisure-time physical activity. Insertion of Physical Education area in the Unified Health System and the governmental policies to promote physical activity is promising and should be evaluated. School settings are of utmost importance to promote youth?s health as well as of their families and the residents of its surroundings. To conclude, the Physical Education area has been an important agent for promotion of health among the Brazilian population, either through interventions in the community or school settings.