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1.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med ; 210(3): 318-328, 2024 08 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38568735

RESUMEN

Rationale: Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) in premature infants has been associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, these associations remain incompletely understood. Objectives: To assess the associations between hsPDA duration and clinical outcomes, PH, and phenotypic differences on lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we identified all infants with BPD at <32 weeks' gestation who also underwent research lung MRI at <48 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) from 2014 to 2022. Clinical echocardiograms were reviewed for hsPDA and categorized as no hsPDA, hsPDA 1-60 days, and hsPDA >60 days. Outcome variables included BPD severity, PH at 36 weeks' PMA, PH after 36 weeks' PMA in the absence of shunt (PH-pulmonary vascular disease [PVD]), tracheostomy or death, and lung phenotype by MRI via modified Ochiai score, indexed total lung volume, and whole-lung hyperdensity. Logistic regression and ANOVA were used. Measurements and Main Results: In total, 133 infants born at 26.2 ± 1.9 weeks, weighing 776 ± 276 g, were reviewed (47 with no hsPDA, 44 with hsPDA 1-60 days, and 42 with hsPDA >60 d). hsPDA duration > 60 days was associated with BPD severity (P < 0.01), PH at 36 weeks' PMA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 9.7 [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.3-28.4]), PH-PVD (aOR, 6.5 [95% CI, 2.3-18.3]), and tracheostomy or death (aOR, 3.0 [95% CI, 1.0-8.8]). Duration of hsPDA > 60 days was associated with higher Ochiai score (P = 0.03) and indexed total lung volume (P = 0.01) but not whole-lung hyperdensity (P = 0.91). Conclusions: In infants with moderate or severe BPD, prolonged exposure to hsPDA is associated with BPD severity, PH-PVD, and increased parenchymal lung disease by MRI.


Asunto(s)
Displasia Broncopulmonar , Conducto Arterioso Permeable , Hipertensión Pulmonar , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Displasia Broncopulmonar/fisiopatología , Displasia Broncopulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Displasia Broncopulmonar/complicaciones , Conducto Arterioso Permeable/diagnóstico por imagen , Conducto Arterioso Permeable/fisiopatología , Conducto Arterioso Permeable/complicaciones , Hipertensión Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Hipertensión Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Recién Nacido , Femenino , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Fenotipo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Pulmón/fisiopatología
2.
J Pediatr ; 271: 114034, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38552948

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) among long-survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair. STUDY DESIGN: This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study of CDH survivors who underwent exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) at Boston Children's Hospital from January 2006 to June 2020. PH severity was assessed by echocardiogram at baseline and after exercise. Patients were categorized by right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) after exercise: Group 1 - no or mild PH; and Group 2 - moderate or severe PH (RVSP ≥ 60 mmHg or ≥ ½ systemic blood pressure). RESULTS: Eighty-four patients with CDH underwent 173 ESE with median age 8.1 (4.8 - 19.1) years at first ESE. Sixty-four patients were classified as Group 1, 11 as Group 2, and 9 had indeterminate RVSP with ESE. Moderate to severe PH after exercise was found in 8 (10%) patients with no or mild PH at rest. Exercise-induced PH was associated with larger CDH defect size, patch repair, use of ECMO, supplemental oxygen at discharge, and higher WHO functional class. Higher VE/VCO2 slope, lower peak oxygen saturation, and lower percent predicted FEV1, and FEV1/FVC ratio were associated with Group 2 classification. ESE changed management in 9/11 Group 2 patients. PH was confirmed in all 5 Group 2 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization after ESE. CONCLUSIONS: Among long-term CDH survivors, 10% had moderate-severe exercise-induced PH on ESE, indicating ongoing pulmonary vascular abnormalities. Further studies are needed to optimally define PH screening and treatment for patients with repaired CDH.


Asunto(s)
Hernias Diafragmáticas Congénitas , Hipertensión Pulmonar , Sobrevivientes , Humanos , Hernias Diafragmáticas Congénitas/complicaciones , Hernias Diafragmáticas Congénitas/cirugía , Hipertensión Pulmonar/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Masculino , Adolescente , Niño , Adulto Joven , Preescolar , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Ecocardiografía , Prevalencia
3.
Pediatr Cardiol ; 45(2): 385-393, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38148409

RESUMEN

Pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) represents an important clinical indication for lung transplant (LTx) in infants, children, and adolescents. There is limited information on LTx outcomes in these patients. We explored LTx volumes and post-LTx survival in children with PVD compared to other diagnoses. The UNOS Registry was queried from 1989 to 2020 to identify first-time pediatric LTx recipients (< 18 yo). PVD was categorized as idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and non-idiopathic arterial hypertension (non-IPAH) and compared to all other patients as other diagnoses. Univariate and multivariate regression models were performed. 984 pediatric LTx patients (593 before 2010 and 391 during/after 2010) were identified, of which 145 (14.7%) had PVD. There has been no significant change in annual rate of all LTxs over comparative eras. However, there has been a decrease in rate of LTxs for PVD patients. Children with PVD had similar survival to other LTx groups in the early era (p = 0.2) and the latter era (p = 0.9). Univariate Cox models, showed that LTx in patients with PVD was associated with a significantly less risk of mortality for children aged 6-11 years compared to younger and older cohorts (HR = 0.4 [0.17-0.98]; p = 0.045), whereas multivariate analysis showed a trend toward higher mortality in 11-17-year-olds (HR = 1.54 [0.97-2.45]; p = 0.06). For PVD patients, oxygen supplementation and ventilator support at LTx were associated with worse post-transplant survival (p = 0.029 and p = 0.01). There has been a decrease in LTx volume for pediatric patients with PVD in the modern era. Post-LTx outcomes for children with PVD are similar to those of other diagnoses in both eras, with children aged 6-11 years having the best survival. Given these findings, LTx should be considered for this patient population.


Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Pulmón , Enfermedades Vasculares , Lactante , Adolescente , Humanos , Niño , Estudios Retrospectivos , Pulmón , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Hipertensión Pulmonar Primaria Familiar , Tasa de Supervivencia
4.
J Cardiovasc Magn Reson ; 25(1): 39, 2023 07 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37400886

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Multiple right ventricular (RV) metrics have prognostic value in pulmonary hypertension (PH). A cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) derived global ventricular function index (GFI) provided improved prediction of composite adverse outcome (CAO) in adults with atherosclerosis. GFI has not yet been explored in a PH population. We explored the feasibility of GFI as a predictor of CAO in a pediatric PH population. METHODS: Two center retrospective chart review identified pediatric PH patients undergoing CMR from Jan 2005-June 2021. GFI, defined as the ratio of the stroke volume to the sum of mean ventricular cavity and myocardial volume, was calculated for each patient. CAO was defined as death, lung transplant, Potts shunt, or parenteral prostacyclin initiation after CMR. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate associations and assess model performance between CMR parameters and CAO. RESULTS: The cohort comprised 89 patients (54% female, 84% World Health Organization (WHO) Group 1; 70% WHO-FC ≤ 2; and 27% on parenteral prostacyclin). Median age at CMR was 12 years (IQR 8.1-17). Twenty-one (24%) patients experienced CAO during median follow up of 1.5 years. CAO cohort had higher indexed RV volumes (end systolic-145 vs 99 mL/m2, p = 0.003; end diastolic-89 vs 46 mL/m2, p = 0.004) and mass (37 vs 24 gm/m2, p = 0.003), but lower ejection fraction (EF) (42 vs 51%, p < 0.001) and GFI (40 vs 52%, p < 0.001). Higher indexed RV volumes (hazard ratios [HR] 1.01, CI 1.01-1.02), lower RV EF (HR 1.09, CI 1.05-1.12) and lower RV GFI (HR 1.09, CI 1.05-1.11) were associated with increased risk of CAO. In survival analysis, patients with RV GFI < 43% demonstrated decreased event-free survival and increased hazard of CAO compared to those with RV GFI ≥ 43%. In multivariable models, inclusion of GFI provided improved prediction of CAO compared to models incorporating ventricular volumes, mass or EF. CONCLUSIONS: RV GFI was associated with CAO in this cohort, and inclusion in multivariable models had increased predictive value compared to RVEF. GFI uses readily available CMR data without additional post-processing and may provide additional prognostic value in pediatric PH patients beyond traditional CMR markers.


Asunto(s)
Hipertensión Pulmonar , Disfunción Ventricular Derecha , Adulto , Humanos , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Volumen Sistólico , Función Ventricular Derecha
5.
J Pediatr ; 246: 56-63.e3, 2022 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35430250

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost-utility of catheterization-obligate treatment in preterm infants with pulmonary hypertension, as compared with empiric initiation of sildenafil based on echocardiographic findings alone. STUDY DESIGN: A Markov state transition model was constructed to simulate the clinical scenario of a preterm infant with echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and without congenital heart disease under consideration for the initiation of pulmonary vasodilator therapy via one of two modeled treatment strategies-empiric or catheterization-obligate. Transitional probabilities, costs and utilities were extracted from the literature. Forecast quality-adjusted life-years was the metric for strategy effectiveness. Sensitivity analyses for each variable were performed. A 1000-patient Monte Carlo microsimulation was used to test the durability of our findings. RESULTS: The catheterization-obligate strategy resulted in an increased cost of $10 778 and 0.02 fewer quality-adjusted life-years compared with the empiric treatment strategy. Empiric treatment remained the more cost-effective paradigm across all scenarios modeled through one-way sensitivity analyses and the Monte Carlo microsimulation (cost-effective in 98% of cases). CONCLUSIONS: Empiric treatment with sildenafil in infants with pulmonary hypertension associated with BPD is a superior strategy with both decreased costs and increased effectiveness when compared with catheterization-obligate treatment. These findings suggest that foregoing catheterization before the initiation of sildenafil is a reasonable strategy in preterm infants with uncomplicated pulmonary hypertension associated with BPD.


Asunto(s)
Displasia Broncopulmonar , Hipertensión Pulmonar , Displasia Broncopulmonar/complicaciones , Displasia Broncopulmonar/terapia , Cateterismo Cardíaco/efectos adversos , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión Pulmonar/etiología , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Citrato de Sildenafil
6.
Pediatr Transplant ; 26(4): e14236, 2022 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35098627

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation is a therapeutic option for end-stage pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH). Right ventricular (RV) recovery post-lung transplant in children with PH has not been well-described, and questions persist about the peri-operative course and post-transplant cardiac function after lung transplantation in medically refractory PH patients with baseline RV dysfunction. METHODS: A single-center chart review identified patients with childhood PH who subsequently underwent bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation between 2000 and 2020. Twenty-six patients met criteria; three were excluded due to echocardiograms not available for digital review. RV fractional area change (FAC) and left ventricular eccentricity index (LVEI) were determined prior to transplantation, and at 1, 3, 6, and 12-month post-transplantation. RESULTS: Fourteen of 23 patients had baseline RV dysfunction. The median age at transplantation was 16.5 years and 13.9 years for those with and without baseline RV dysfunction, respectively. Of the 14 with baseline RV dysfunction, 12 (86%) were alive 1-year post-transplantation. All patients with baseline RV dysfunction had increased RV-FAC post-transplantation with normalization of RV-FAC in 70% at 3 months and 100% of patients by 12-month post-transplantation. Duration of ventilation (p = .4), intensive care unit (p = .5), or hospital stay (p = .9) was not associated with pre-transplant RV function. CONCLUSIONS: Among pediatric patients with PH and RV dysfunction, pre-transplantation RV function was not associated with short-term outcomes. All patients with baseline RV dysfunction had improvement in RV function, justifying consideration of lung transplantation among pediatric patients with end-stage PH and RV dysfunction.


Asunto(s)
Hipertensión Pulmonar , Trasplante de Pulmón , Disfunción Ventricular Derecha , Niño , Ventrículos Cardíacos , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/cirugía , Disfunción Ventricular Derecha/cirugía , Función Ventricular Derecha
7.
Pediatr Radiol ; 52(4): 643-660, 2022 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35122130

RESUMEN

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common long-term complication of preterm birth. The chest radiograph appearance and survivability have evolved since the first description of BPD in 1967 because of improved ventilation and clinical strategies and the introduction of surfactant in the early 1990s. Contemporary imaging care is evolving with the recognition that comorbidities of tracheobronchomalacia and pulmonary hypertension have a great influence on outcomes and can be noninvasively evaluated with CT and MRI techniques, which provide a detailed evaluation of the lungs, trachea and to a lesser degree the heart. However, echocardiography remains the primary modality to evaluate and screen for pulmonary hypertension. This review is intended to highlight the important findings that chest radiograph, CT and MRI can contribute to precision diagnosis, phenotyping and prognosis resulting in optimal management and therapeutics.


Asunto(s)
Displasia Broncopulmonar , Hipertensión Pulmonar , Nacimiento Prematuro , Displasia Broncopulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/efectos adversos , Embarazo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/efectos adversos
8.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med ; 201(1): 73-82, 2020 01 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31539272

RESUMEN

Rationale: Patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) have increased morbidity and mortality. Noninvasive assessment relies on echocardiograms (echos), which are technically challenging in this population. Improved assessment could augment decisions regarding PH therapies.Objectives: We hypothesized that neonatal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will correlate with BPD severity and predict short-term clinical outcomes, including need for PH therapies for infants with BPD.Methods: A total of 52 infants (31 severe BPD, 9 moderate BPD, and 12 with either mild or no BPD) were imaged between 39 and 47 weeks postmenstrual age on a neonatal-sized, neonatal ICU-sited 1.5-T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. MR left ventricular eccentricity index (EI), main pulmonary artery-to-aorta (PA/AO) diameter ratio, and pulmonary arterial blood flow were determined. Echos obtained for clinical indications were reviewed. MRI and echo indices were compared with BPD severity and clinical outcomes, including length of stay (LOS), duration of respiratory support, respiratory support at discharge, and PH therapy.Measurements and Main Results: PA/AO ratio increased with BPD severity. Increased PA/AO ratio, MR-EI, and echo-EIs were associated with increased LOS and duration of respiratory support. No correlation was seen between pulmonary arterial blood flow and BPD outcomes. Controlling for gestational age, birth weight, and BPD severity, MR-EI was associated with LOS and duration of respiratory support. Increased PA/AO ratio and MR-EI were associated with PH therapy during hospitalization and at discharge.Conclusions: MRI can provide important image-based measures of cardiac morphology that relate to disease severity and clinical outcomes in neonates with BPD.


Asunto(s)
Displasia Broncopulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Displasia Broncopulmonar/fisiopatología , Hipertensión Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Hipertensión Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Enfermedades del Recién Nacido/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Recién Nacido/fisiopatología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Masculino
9.
Pediatr Cardiol ; 42(1): 116-122, 2021 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32974724

RESUMEN

Invasive hemodynamic assessment remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary hypertension and for longitudinal assessment of response to therapy. This analysis sought to describe the changes in hemodynamic variables after initiation of prostacyclin therapy and determine which changes bear predictive power of adverse clinical outcomes. A retrospective chart review of established patients at Cincinnati Children's Hospital with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) who required prostacyclin therapy between 2004 and 2018 was performed. The baseline hemodynamic parameters at diagnosis as well as change in those parameters between initial catheterization and post-prostacyclin initiation catheterization were independent variables. Cox proportional hazard regression and recursive partitioning analysis were used to characterize which hemodynamic factors predicted the composite adverse outcome (CAO) defined as death, lung transplantation, or reverse Pott's shunt surgery. During the study period, 29 patients met inclusion criteria in which there were 7 CAOs: 4 deaths, 3 lung transplants, and 2 reverse Pott's shunts. Median time between catheterizations was 86 days and between the initiation of prostacyclin therapy and the second catheterization was 54 days. Cox regression revealed that only baseline pulmonary artery pressure (> 51 mmHg) and a failure to increase cardiac index illustrated statistically significant hazard for occurrence of the CAO (p < 0.01). These criteria significantly dichotomized the population in a Kaplan-Meier analysis into likelihoods of experiencing the CAO. While controlling for other hemodynamic variables, the absence of augmentation of cardiac index after the initiation of prostacyclin therapy is a valuable prognostic indicator of adverse PAH outcomes in pediatrics.


Asunto(s)
Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Epoprostenol/uso terapéutico , Hipertensión Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Niño , Femenino , Hemodinámica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/mortalidad , Hipertensión Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos
10.
Pediatr Cardiol ; 42(5): 1102-1110, 2021 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33774693

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Non-invasive imaging markers in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) are still being investigated to inform clinical decision making. Atrial function is a prognostic indicator in many acquired and congenital heart diseases. We sought to examine the relationship between cardiac MRI (CMR)-derived indices of left atrial (LA) function, native left ventricular (LV) T1 values, biventricular systolic function, and exercise capacity in rTOF. METHODS: Sixty-six patients with rTOF without prior pulmonary valve replacement who underwent CMR (median age 18.5 years) were identified. Twenty-one adult rTOF patients (age range 19-32 years) were compared with 20 age-matched healthy volunteers (age range 19-34 years). LA reservoir, conduit, and pump global longitudinal strain (GLS) and strain rate (SR) were determined by tissue tracking. Native LV T1 values were measured on rTOF patients. Pearson correlations were performed to determine bivariate associations. RESULTS: Adult rTOF patients had higher pump GLS, pump:conduit, and pump:reservoir GLS ratios, and lower conduit:reservoir GLS ratio, LV ejection fraction (EF), and right ventricular EF compared to controls (p < 0.001 for each comparison). LA conduit:reservoir GLS and pump:reservoir GLS had correlations to native LV T1 (ρ = 0.26, p = 0.03 and ρ = - 0.26, p = 0.03, respectively). LA reservoir SR had positive correlation to RV EF (ρ = 0.27, p = 0.03). There were no statistically significant correlations between LA function and exercise capacity. CONCLUSIONS: LA function is altered in adolescent and young adult patients with rTOF indicating worse diastolic function and relates to increasing native LV T1 values. Future studies are indicated to investigate the progression of adverse atrial-ventricular interactions and poor outcomes in this population.


Asunto(s)
Función del Atrio Izquierdo , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/efectos adversos , Ventrículos Cardíacos/fisiopatología , Tetralogía de Fallot/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Ejercicio Físico , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Femenino , Atrios Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagen , Atrios Cardíacos/fisiopatología , Ventrículos Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Volumen Sistólico , Adulto Joven
11.
Am J Perinatol ; 38(14): 1505-1512, 2021 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32615617

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: While advanced therapies for severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) such as inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are standard treatments in high-income countries, these therapies are often unavailable in resource-limited settings such as middle-income countries. However, there are small clinical trials illustrating the efficacy of sildenafil at reducing mortality in PPHN. This analysis sought to determine the cost-utility of enteral sildenafil for the treatment of severe PPHN. STUDY DESIGN: A Markov-state transition model was constructed for the two clinical approaches to compare costs, clinical outcomes, and quality of life: (1) "conventional," (2) "sildenafil." The impact of sildenafil was modeled as a relative risk modifier of the conventional strategy's mortality risk. Transitional probabilities, costs, and utility metrics were extracted from the literature. Sensitivity analyses for each model input as well as 100-patient Monte Carlo simulations were used to test the durability of the model conclusion. RESULTS: The sildenafil strategy was cost-effective for upper but not lower middle-income countries with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $2,339 per quality-adjusted life year. This conclusion was durable across a wide-range of model assumptions; the sildenafil strategy only failed to meet criteria for cost-effectiveness when sildenafil therapy had a mortality relative risk efficacy of >0.89, if life expectancy in that country is <40 years, or if the lifetime forecasted costs of a survivor's life was quite high. CONCLUSION: Enteral sildenafil is a cost-effective intervention for severe PPHN for upper middle-income countries where ECMO and iNO are not available. KEY POINTS: · PPHN is a common life-threatening condition in newborns.. · Sildenafil improves survival of PPHN.. · Sildenafil is cost-effective for upper-middle income countries..


Asunto(s)
Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Costos de la Atención en Salud , Síndrome de Circulación Fetal Persistente/tratamiento farmacológico , Citrato de Sildenafil/economía , Vasodilatadores/economía , Países en Desarrollo , Humanos , Renta , Recién Nacido , Modelos Biológicos , Calidad de Vida , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de Vida , Citrato de Sildenafil/uso terapéutico , Vasodilatadores/uso terapéutico
12.
J Cardiovasc Magn Reson ; 22(1): 50, 2020 07 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32698897

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Recent advances have allowed the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in the assessment of respiratory and cardiac disease in infants with BPD. In adults and older pediatric patients, decreased CMR interventricular septal curvature correlates with increased mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. The current study sought to determine the relationship of CMR derived septal curvature in neonates with BPD and BPD-PH with a need for PH therapy. METHODS: Forty moderate or severe BPD and 12 mild BPD or control infants were imaged without contrast between 38 and 47 weeks post-menstrual age on a neonatal-sized, neonatal intensive care unit-sited 1.5 T CMR scanner. CMR indices including eccentricity index (CMR-EI) and septal curvature were measured and compared to BPD severity and clinical outcomes including hospital length of stay (LOS), duration of respiratory support, respiratory support level at discharge and PH therapy. RESULTS: CMR-EI was directly associated and septal curvature was inversely associated with BPD severity. In a univariate analysis, CMR-EI and septal curvature were associated with increased hospital LOS, duration of respiratory support, respiratory support at hospital discharge, and need for PH therapy. In multivariable analysis CMR-EI was associated with hospital LOS and duration of respiratory support and septal curvature was associated with respiratory support at hospital discharge. Septal curvature was the only clinical or CMR variable associated with need for PH therapy (R2 = 0.66, p = 0.0014) in multivariable analysis demonstrating improved discrimination beyond CMR-EI. CONCLUSIONS: CMR derived septal curvature correlates significantly with clinical outcomes including hospital LOS, duration of respiratory support, respiratory support level at hospital discharge, and PH therapy in neonates with BPD and BPD-PH. Further, CMR derived septal curvature demonstrated improved discrimination of need for PH therapy and respiratory support at discharge compared to clinical variables and other CMR indices, supporting septal curvature as a non-invasive marker of PH in this population with potential to guide management strategies.


Asunto(s)
Presión Arterial , Displasia Broncopulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Hipertensión Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Cinemagnética , Arteria Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Resistencia Vascular , Tabique Interventricular/diagnóstico por imagen , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Presión Arterial/efectos de los fármacos , Displasia Broncopulmonar/complicaciones , Displasia Broncopulmonar/fisiopatología , Displasia Broncopulmonar/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/etiología , Hipertensión Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Hipertensión Pulmonar/terapia , Recién Nacido , Tiempo de Internación , Masculino , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Arteria Pulmonar/efectos de los fármacos , Terapia Respiratoria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Resistencia Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Tabique Interventricular/efectos de los fármacos , Tabique Interventricular/fisiopatología
13.
Pediatr Cardiol ; 41(6): 1206-1211, 2020 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32488510

RESUMEN

Non-invasive evaluation of right ventricular (RV) systolic function in neonates with pulmonary hypertension (PH) with traditional metrics including RV fractional area change (FAC) and tricuspid annular systolic plane excursion (TAPSE) has improved outcomes. Apical three-chamber (3C) RV-FAC, a novel tripartite assessment of the RV, has recently been described in healthy infants. We assess the utility of 3C RV-FAC and biplane RV-FAC in delayed transitioning and neonatal PH. Echocardiograms for 22 normal infants and 22 infants with PH were retrospectively analyzed for RV systolic function indices including four chamber (4C), 3C, and biplane RV-FAC, TAPSE, Tei index, and RV systolic excursion velocity (S'). 4C, 3C, and biplane RV-FAC correlated with PH severity and was decreased in neonates with PH compared to normal neonates (biplane RV-FAC 31.7 ± 13.4% vs. 41 .9 ± 4.7%, p = 0.002). TAPSE was significantly decreased in neonates with PH, but did not correlate with PH severity. Other RV systolic function metrics were not significantly different between normal neonates and neonates with PH. 3C RV-FAC and biplane RV-FAC are lower in neonates with PH. 3C and biplane RV-FAC may allow for improved assessment of global RV systolic dysfunction in newborns with delayed transitioning or PH compared to the commonly used regional methods.


Asunto(s)
Hipertensión Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Disfunción Ventricular Derecha/diagnóstico por imagen , Función Ventricular Derecha , Ecocardiografía/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sístole , Válvula Tricúspide/diagnóstico por imagen , Válvula Tricúspide/fisiopatología , Disfunción Ventricular Derecha/fisiopatología
15.
J Pediatr ; 250: 110-112, 2022 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35944715
17.
Circulation ; 129(21): 2144-57, 2014 May 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24710033

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and emphysema are life-threatening diseases resulting from impaired alveolar development or alveolar destruction. Both conditions lack effective therapies. Angiogenic growth factors promote alveolar growth and contribute to alveolar maintenance. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) represent a subset of circulating and resident endothelial cells capable of self-renewal and de novo vessel formation. We hypothesized that resident ECFCs exist in the developing lung, that they are impaired during arrested alveolar growth in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and that exogenous ECFCs restore disrupted alveolar growth. METHODS AND RESULTS: Human fetal and neonatal rat lungs contain ECFCs with robust proliferative potential, secondary colony formation on replating, and de novo blood vessel formation in vivo when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. In contrast, human fetal lung ECFCs exposed to hyperoxia in vitro and neonatal rat ECFCs isolated from hyperoxic alveolar growth-arrested rat lungs mimicking bronchopulmonary dysplasia proliferated less, showed decreased clonogenic capacity, and formed fewer capillary-like networks. Intrajugular administration of human cord blood-derived ECFCs after established arrested alveolar growth restored lung function, alveolar and lung vascular growth, and attenuated pulmonary hypertension. Lung ECFC colony- and capillary-like network-forming capabilities were also restored. Low ECFC engraftment and the protective effect of cell-free ECFC-derived conditioned media suggest a paracrine effect. Long-term (10 months) assessment of ECFC therapy showed no adverse effects with persistent improvement in lung structure, exercise capacity, and pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired ECFC function may contribute to arrested alveolar growth. Cord blood-derived ECFC therapy may offer new therapeutic options for lung diseases characterized by alveolar damage.


Asunto(s)
Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales/fisiología , Oxígeno/toxicidad , Alveolos Pulmonares/efectos de los fármacos , Alveolos Pulmonares/cirugía , Trasplante de Células Madre/métodos , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Células Cultivadas , Células Endoteliales/trasplante , Feto , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/fisiología , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/trasplante , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Ratones Noqueados , Ratones SCID , Alveolos Pulmonares/lesiones , Ratas , Ratas Desnudas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
18.
Cytotherapy ; 17(5): 579-92, 2015 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25559145

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AIMS: Human cord blood (CB) is enriched in circulating endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) that display high proliferative potential and in vivo vessel forming ability. Because Notch signaling is critical for embryonic blood vessel formation in utero, we hypothesized that Notch pathway activation may enhance cultured ECFC vasculogenic properties in vivo. METHODS: In vitro ECFC stimulation with an immobilized chimeric Notch ligand (Delta-like1(ext-IgG)) led to significant increases in the mRNA and protein levels of Notch regulated Hey2 and EphrinB2 that were blocked by treatment with γ-secretase inhibitor addition. However, Notch stimulated preconditioning in vitro failed to enhance ECFC vasculogenesis in vivo. In contrast, in vivo co-implantation of ECFCs with OP9-Delta-like 1 stromal cells that constitutively expressed the Notch ligand delta-like 1 resulted in enhanced Notch activated ECFC-derived increased vessel density and enlarged vessel area in vivo, an effect not induced by OP9 control stromal implantation. RESULTS: This Notch activation was associated with diminished apoptosis in the exposed ECFC. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that Notch pathway activation in ECFC in vivo via co-implanted stromal cells expressing delta-like 1 promotes vasculogenesis and augments blood vessel formation via diminishing apoptosis of the implanted ECFC.


Asunto(s)
Células Endoteliales/citología , Sangre Fetal/citología , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intercelular/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Neovascularización Fisiológica , Receptores Notch/metabolismo , Animales , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio , Células Cultivadas , Colágeno/farmacología , Ensayo de Unidades Formadoras de Colonias , Células Endoteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Ligandos , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Ratones SCID , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas , Células del Estroma/citología , Células del Estroma/metabolismo
19.
Angiogenesis ; 17(3): 675-83, 2014 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24563071

RESUMEN

Angiopoietin-like 2 (ANGPTL2) has been reported to induce sprouting angiogenesis; however, its role in vasculogenesis, the de novo lumenization of endothelial cells (EC), remains unexplored. We sought to investigate the potential role of ANGPTL2 in regulating human cord blood derived endothelial colony forming cell (ECFC) vasculogenesis through siRNA mediated inhibition of ANGPTL2 gene expression. We found that ECFCs in which ANGPTL2 was diminished displayed a threefold decrease in in vitro lumenal area whereas addition of exogenous ANGPTL2 protein domains to ECFCs lead to increased lumen formation within a 3 dimensional (3D) collagen assay of vasculogenesis. ECFC migration was attenuated by 36 % via ANGPTL2 knockdown (KD) although proliferation and apoptosis were not affected. We subsequently found that c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), but not ERK1/2, phosphorylation was decreased upon ANGPTL2 KD, and expression of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), known to be regulated by JNK and a critical regulator of EC migration and 3D lumen formation, was decreased in lumenized structures in vitro derived from ANGPTL2 silenced ECFCs. Treatment of ECFCs in 3D collagen matrices with either a JNK inhibitor or exogenous rhTIMP-3 (an inhibitor of MT1-MMP activity) resulted in a similar phenotype of decreased vascular lumen formation as observed with ANGPTL2 KD, whereas stimulation of JNK activity increased vasculogenesis. Based on gene silencing, pharmacologic, cellular, and biochemical approaches, we conclude that ANGPTL2 positively regulates ECFC vascular lumen formation likely through its effects on migration and in part by activating JNK and increasing MT1-MMP expression.


Asunto(s)
Angiopoyetinas/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/citología , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Neovascularización Fisiológica , Proteína 2 Similar a la Angiopoyetina , Proteínas Similares a la Angiopoyetina , Angiopoyetinas/genética , Angiopoyetinas/farmacología , Ensayos de Migración Celular , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayo de Unidades Formadoras de Colonias , Células Endoteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales/enzimología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Silenciador del Gen/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 14 de la Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinasa 14 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Neovascularización Fisiológica/genética , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos
20.
Res Sq ; 2023 Sep 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37720024

RESUMEN

Background: Pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) represents an important clinical indication for lung transplant (LTx) in infants, children, and adolescents. There is limited information on LTx outcomes in these patients. We explored LTx volumes and post-LTx survival in children with PVD compared to other diagnoses. Methods: The UNOS Registry was queried from 1989-2020 to identify first-time pediatric LTx recipients (<18 yo). PVD was categorized as idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and non-idiopathic arterial hypertension (non-IPAH) and compared to all other patients as other diagnoses. Univariate and multivariate regression models were performed. Results: 984 pediatric LTx patients (593 before 2010 and 391 during/after 2010) were identified, of which 145 (14.7%) had PVD. There has been no significant change in annual rate of all LTxs over comparative eras. However, there has been a decrease in rate of LTxs for PVD patients. Children with PVD had similar survival to other LTx groups in the early era (p=0.2) and the latter era (p=0.9). Univariate Cox models, showed that LTx in patients with PVD was associated with a significantly less risk of mortality for children aged 6-11 years compared to younger and older cohorts (HR=0.4 [0.17-0.98];p=0.045), whereas multivariate analysis showed a trend towards higher mortality in 11-17-year-olds (HR=1.54 [0.97-2.45];p=0.06). For PVD patients, oxygen supplementation and ventilator support at LTx were associated with worse post-transplant survival (p=0.029 and p=0.01). Conclusions: There has been a decrease in LTx volume for pediatric patients with PVD in the modern era. Post-LTx outcomes for children with PVD are similar to those of other diagnoses in both eras, with children aged 6-11 years having the best survival. Given these findings, LTx should be considered for this patient population.

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